The Lancet Infectious Disease
Jun 2011  Volume 11  Number 6  Pages 417 – 488
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

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Is screening immigrants for latent tuberculosis cost-effective?
Anna M Mandalakas, Dick Menzies

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The International Organization for Migration has estimated that more than 200 million individuals are permanently living in a country that is not their country of birth,1 and most have migrated from low-income and middle-income to high-income countries. In high-income countries, tuberculosis in the native-born population has declined rapidly and tuberculosis in foreign-born individuals accounts for an ever increasing proportion of the disease because many migrants carry latent tuberculosis infection that reactivates after arrival.