The Lancet Infectious Disease
Dec 2012  Volume 12  Number 12   p897 – 984
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Review
Strategies to increase responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination in adults with HIV-1
Jennifer A Whitaker, Nadine G Rouphael, Srilatha Edupuganti, Lilin Lai, Mark J Mulligan

Summary
HIV and hepatitis B virus co-infection leads to substantially increased morbidity and mortality compared with either infection alone. Immunisation with hepatitis B virus vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the infection in people with HIV; however, these patients have decreased vaccine responses and a short duration of protection compared with immunocompetent individuals. Control of HIV replication with highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased CD4 cell counts are associated with improved immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination. New vaccination strategies, such as increased vaccine dose, use of the intradermal route, and addition of adjuvants, could improve response rates in adults with HIV.