From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary
Inactivated Influenza Vaccines for Prevention of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Limits of Using Nonspecific Outcomes in Vaccine Effectiveness Studies
Ferdinands, Jill M.a,b; Gargiullo, Paula; Haber, Michaelc; Moore, Matthewa; Belongia, Edward A.d; Shay, David K.a
Epidemiology
July 2013 – Volume 24 – Issue 4 – p 530-537
doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182953065
Abstract
Background: One to 4 million cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occur annually in the United States, resulting in 600,000 hospitalizations and 45,000 deaths. Influenza infection facilitates secondary bacterial infections, and influenza vaccination may prevent CAP directly by preventing influenza pneumonia or indirectly by preventing secondary bacterial CAP.
Methods: We investigated how influenza vaccination could affect incidence of CAP using deterministic probability and stochastic simulation models. The models included likely influential factors, including vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza, rates of influenza in the unvaccinated, vaccination coverage, and the relative risk (RR) of pneumonia, given influenza infection. To estimate effectiveness of influenza vaccine against CAP, we assumed mean VE against influenza of 55% and vaccine coverage of 38%.
Results: Given our baseline parameters, influenza vaccine had a mean effectiveness against CAP of 7% (95% confidence interval = 0–25%). Effectiveness of influenza vaccine against CAP increased as its effectiveness against influenza increased, as RR of pneumonia after influenza infection increased, and as rates of influenza among unvaccinated persons increased.
Conclusions: No matter how effective vaccine may be in preventing influenza infection, it is only modestly effective at preventing CAP. Because of the large annual burden of CAP, a vaccine that is only moderately effective in preventing influenza infection has the potential to prevent a substantial number of CAP cases. This modeling approach may be useful for planning influenza vaccine-probe studies and evaluating the effectiveness of other interventions targeted against infections that manifest in nonspecific outcomes.
A Licensed Combined Haemophilus influenzae Type b-Serogroups C and Y Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine
KP Perrett, TM Nolan, J McVernon – Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 2013
Abstract
The highest incidence of meningococcal disease occurs in infants younger than 1 year of age. However, in the US, prior to June 2012, there was no meningococcal vaccine licensed for use in this age group. In the US, where both serogroups C and Y contribute …
The physiological paradox: reframing the polypill as a vaccine for cardiovascular disease
MV Holmes, N Bhala – Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2013
In his seminal work ‘Sick individuals, sick populations,’1 Geoffrey Rose postulated that reducing the population distribution of a causal risk factor would have a greater effect on population health than targeting only those at high risk (eg, as defined by a threshold …
A Morphine Conjugate Vaccine Attenuates the Behavioral Effects of Morphine in Rats
XY Shen, PW O’Malley, TA Kosten, BM Kinsey… – Progress in Neuro- …, 2013
Abstract Vaccines for opioid dependence may provide a treatment that would reduce or slow the distribution of the drug to brain, thus reducing the drug’s reinforcing effects. We tested whether a conjugate vaccine against morphine (keyhole limpet hemocyanin-6- …
Targovax AS Raises $3.6 Million in Private and Public Support for TG01 Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine Development
[Business Wire; June 05, 2013]
Cancer vaccine specialist Targovax today announced that it has raised a total of $3.6 million to accelerate development of its RAS mutation-targeted therapeutic cancer vaccine pipeline…