The Lancet
Apr 12, 2014 Volume 383 Number 9925 p1269 – 1358
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Viewpoint
Children growing up with HIV infection: the responsibility of success
Sarah Bernays, Prudence Jarrett, Katharina Kranzer, Rashida A Ferrand
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An estimated 3•4 million children are living with HIV, more than 90% in sub-Saharan Africa.1 Those working in paediatric HIV care are now cautiously optimistic. Comparing the landscape with 10 years ago when HIV-infected infants faced inevitable death, those born with HIV now have access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) so that increasing numbers of children are surviving to adolescence and beyond.2 Coupled with this progress, the number of new infections has substantially decreased (from 450 000 in 2005, to 260 000 in 2012) because of scale-up of interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), resulting in a shift of burden of HIV towards older children.