The Lancet Global Health
Sep 2014 Volume 2 Number 9 e488 – 549
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

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Excess female mortality in infants and children
Shams El Arifeen
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The sex ratio of mortality in children younger than 5 years (under-5s) has always been regarded as an important indicator for child health and survival, especially in the context of sex preference and discrimination in many cultures such as those in south Asia.1 However, the effective use of this indicator to improve child health and survival has been constrained by the absence of a clear understanding of what the ideal ratio should be.

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