Clinical Infectious Diseases (CID)
Volume 59 Issue 7 October 1, 2014
http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/current

Editor’s choice: Vaccination Against Zoster Remains Effective in Older Adults Who Later Undergo Chemotherapy
Hung Fu Tseng, Sara Tartof, Rafael Harpaz, Yi Luo, Lina S. Sy, Rulin C. Hetcher, and Steven J. Jacobsen
Clin Infect Dis. (2014) 59 (7): 913-919 doi:10.1093/cid/ciu498
Abstract
Persons treated with chemotherapy who are at high risk of herpes zoster and its sequelae received substantial protection through zoster vaccination, providing an additional rationale for offering zoster vaccine to adults for whom it is indicated, before vaccination becomes contraindicated.

Editor’s choice: Editorial Commentary: Zoster Vaccine in Immunocompromised Patients: Time to Reconsider Current Recommendations
Michael N. Oxman and Kenneth E. Schmader
Clin Infect Dis. (2014) 59 (7): 920-922 doi:10.1093/cid/ciu501

Editorial Commentary: A Shigella Vaccine Against Prevalent Serotypes
Lillian L. Van de Verg1 and Malabi M. Venkatesan2
Author Affiliations
1Vaccine Development Global Program, PATH, Washington, District of Columbia
2Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
Invited Commentary to article by Livio et al “Shigella Isolates from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) Inform Vaccine Development”.
(See the Major Article by Livio et al on pages 933–41.)
Dysentery due to Shigella is a severe, intensely inflammatory infection that disproportionately affects the very young in less developed parts of the world where there is little to no access to clean water and sanitation. Mortality due to shigellosis has decreased significantly in the last 2 to 3 decades, arguably due, in large part, to the virtual disappearance of major epidemics of S. dysenteriae 1. However, the incidence of diarrheal disease due to other shigellae has remained high. Worldwide, Shigella is estimated to cause 80–120 million episodes of diarrhea and more than 100 000 deaths annually, mostly in children aged <5 years [1].
The recently published Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) is a large-scale survey of the incidence and causative agents of moderate to severe diarrheal disease in young children aged 0–59 months who reside in low-income parts of 7 countries in Africa and South Asia [2]. In children aged 0–11 months, rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were often the leading agents of moderate to severe diarrhea. In children aged 12–59 months, Shigella became the lead agent overall. Children who are subjected to repeated bouts of diarrheal diseases such as shigellosis are susceptible to faltering in physical growth and cognitive development

Dramatic Decline of Respiratory Illness Among US Military Recruits After the Renewed Use of Adenovirus Vaccines
Jennifer M. Radin, Anthony W. Hawksworth, Patrick J. Blair, Dennis J. Faix, Rema Raman,
Kevin L. Russell, and Gregory C. Gray
Clin Infect Dis. (2014) 59 (7): 962-968 doi:10.1093/cid/ciu507
Abstract
Following resumption of adenovirus vaccination in late 2011, 100-fold declines in adenovirus disease burden were seen among US military recruits at 8 training sites. Simultaneous decline of non-vaccine-associated adenovirus types was also found.

Shigella Isolates From the Global Enteric Multicenter Study Inform Vaccine Development
Sofie Livio, Nancy A. Strockbine, Sandra Panchalingam, Sharon M. Tennant, Eileen M. Barry, Mark E. Marohn, Martin Antonio, Anowar Hossain, Inacio Mandomando, John B. Ochieng, Joseph O. Oundo, Shahida Qureshi, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Boubou Tamboura, Richard A. Adegbola, Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Debasish Saha, Sunil Sen, Abu Syed Golam aruque, Pedro L. Alonso, Robert F. Breiman, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Dipika Sur, Samba O. Sow, Lynette Y. Berkeley, Ciara E. O’Reilly, Eric D. Mintz, Kousick Biswas, Dani Cohen, Tamer H. Farag, Dilruba Nasrin, Yukun Wu, William C. Blackwelder, Karen L. Kotloff, James P. Nataro, and Myron M. Levine
Clin Infect Dis. (2014) 59 (7): 933-941 doi:10.1093/cid/ciu468
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Shigella case isolates from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study were serotyped to guide vaccine development. A quadrivalent vaccine that includes O antigens from S. sonnei, S. flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, and S. flexneri 6 should provide broad protection.