JAMA
January 27, 2015, Vol 313, No. 4
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint | January 27, 2015
Sharing and Reporting the Results of Clinical Trials
Kathy L. Hudson, PhD1; Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD1
JAMA. 2015;313(4):355-356. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10716.
This Viewpoint advocates initiating greater transparency in reporting results of clinical trials as a responsibility that will benefit the health of many.
The principle of data sharing dates to the dawn of scientific discovery—it is how researchers from different disciplines and countries form collaborations, learn from others, identify new scientific opportunities, and work to turn newly discovered information into shared knowledge and practical advances. When research involves human volunteers who agree to participate in clinical trials to test new drugs, devices, or other interventions, this principle of data sharing properly assumes the role of an ethical mandate. These participants are often informed that such research might not benefit them directly, but may affect the lives of others. If the clinical research community fails to share what is learned, allowing data to remain unpublished or unreported, researchers are reneging on the promise to clinical trial participants, are wasting time and resources, and are jeopardizing public trust.

Viewpoint | January 27, 2015
Maximizing Antiretroviral Therapy in Developing CountriesThe Dual Challenge of Efficiency and Quality
Christopher J. L. Murray, MD, DPhil1
JAMA. 2015;313(4):359-360. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16376.
This Viewpoint discusses the need for improvement in both efficiency and quality of antiretroviral therapy programs in developing countries.
The rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been one of the great achievements of global health in the last decade. Declines in deaths from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in high-income countries following the adoption of highly active ART starting in 1996 are well documented. In low-resource settings, demographic surveillance sites have recorded marked decreases in death rates with the scale-up of ART. In its modeling efforts, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that global mortality declined by 35% from 2005 to 2013, with much of the decline related to ART scale-up.1 The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) collaboration recently estimated that 19 million extra years of life have been gained as a result of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.2