Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (JPIDS)
Volume 4 Issue 1 March 2015
http://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/current

Chikungunya Virus in the Caribbean: A Threat for All of the Americas
Enrique Gutierrez-Saravia1 and Camilo E. Gutierrez2
Author Affiliations
1SLIPE Board of Directors; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá, Colombia
2Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
Received December 29, 2014.
Accepted January 5, 2015.
Extract
The first known autochthonous transmission of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) fever in the Western Hemisphere occurred in October 2013 in the French sector of the island of Saint Martin, approximately 150 miles east from Puerto Rico [1]. Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne arbovirus widely distributed in Africa, Southeast Asia, and India, but until the last decade it was responsible mainly for sporadic, limited outbreaks of illness [2–5]. Its recent epidemic spread through the Caribbean now poses a threat to the continental countries of South, Central, and North America [6–10].

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Systematic Review of Antibiotic Resistance Rates Among Gram-Negative Bacteria in Children With Sepsis in Resource-Limited Countries
Kirsty Le Doare1,2, Julia Bielicki2, Paul T. Heath2 and Mike Sharland2
Author Affiliations
1Wellcome Centre for Global Health Research, Imperial College, London
2Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George’s University of London, UK
Received October 9, 2013.
Accepted January 16, 2014.
Abstract
Background
Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of global concern, yet there are few reports from low- and low-middle-income countries, where antimicrobial choices are often limited.
Methods
This study offers a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and World Health Organization (WHO) regional databases of Gram-negative bacteremia in children in low- and low-middle-income countries reporting AMR since 2001.
Results
Data included 30 studies comprising 71 326 children, of whom 7056 had positive blood cultures, and Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 4710 (66.8%). In neonates, Klebsiella pneumoniae median resistance to ampicillin was 94% and cephalosporins 84% in Asia; 100% and 50% in Africa. Large regional variations in resistance rates to commonly prescribed antibiotics for Salmonella spp. were identified. Multidrug resistance (resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole) was present in 30% (interquartile range [IQR], 0–59.6) in Asia and 75% (IQR, 30–85.4) in Africa.
Conclusions
There is a need for an international pediatric antimicrobial resistance surveillance system that collects local epidemiological data to improve the evidence base for the WHO guidance for childhood Gram-negative bacteremia.

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Susceptibility to Measles Among Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults
Lee E. Morris, Roberto Posada, Carole J. Hickman, Donald R. Latner, Tricia A. Singh, Alyssa Rautenberg, Jennifer Jao, William J. Bellini, and Rhoda Sperling
J Ped Infect Dis (2015) 4 (1): 63-66 doi:10.1093/jpids/pit054
Abstract