From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Vaccines and global health
Brian Greenwood, David Salisbury, Adrian V. S. Hill
Published 5 September 2011.DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0076
Abstract
Vaccines have made a major contribution to global health in recent decades but they could do much more. In November 2011, a Royal Society discussion meeting, ‘New vaccines for global health’, was held in London to discuss the past contribution of vaccines to global health and to consider what more could be expected in the future. Papers presented at the meeting reviewed recent successes in the deployment of vaccines against major infections of childhood and the challenges faced in developing vaccines against some of the world’s remaining major infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. The important contribution that development of more effective veterinary vaccines could make to global health was also addressed. Some of the social and financial challenges to the development and deployment of new vaccines were reviewed. The latter issues were also discussed at a subsequent satellite meeting, ‘Accelerating vaccine development’, held at the Kavli Royal Society International Centre. Delegates at this meeting considered challenges to the more rapid development and deployment of both human and veterinary vaccines and how these might be addressed. Papers based on presentations at the discussion meeting and a summary of the main conclusions of the satellite meeting are included in this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.

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African Health Sciences
Vol 15 Issue 3, September 2015
New pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-country analysis of health systems’ impacts
Sergio Torres-Rueda1, Helen ED Burchett1, Ulla K Griffiths1, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo2, Jean-Marie Edengue3, Yayehyirad Kitaw4, Mitike Molla5, Lawrence Gelmon6,8, Washington Onyango-Ouma6, Mamadou Konate7, Sandra Mounier-Jack1
1. Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
2. Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
3. Ministry of Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
4. Independent consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
5. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
7. Independent consultant, Bamako, Mali
8. University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
Abstract
Background:
Pneumonia is a main cause of under-five mortality in low-income settings. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been introduced in many countries as a tool in the disease’s prevention. Although PCV’s effectiveness has been established, less is known about the effects of introducing additional injectable vaccines into routine immunisation programmes, particularly in the context of resource-constrained settings.
Objectives:
To explore the effects of PCV introduction on the immunisation programmes and health systems in four low-income countries.
Methods:
This study was carried out in Cameroon, Ethiopia, Kenya and Mali. Three to four regions and nine to 10 districts were selected within each country. Semi-structured interviews were carried out at national, regional and district levels (n=173). Researcher-administered questionnaires were completed with facility staff (n=124). Routine data on monthly vaccination activities were collected at district and facility levels.
Results:
PCV was generally well integrated into existing routine immunisation. Little or no impact was found in most areas of the health systems. Some minor effects were found on immunisation programmes, particularly in areas with either planning activities or investments e.g. staff skills were strengthened and there were limited improvements in surveillance. Although health sector workers perceived increases in the coverage of other vaccines following the introduction of PCV,
routine service data did not confirm this claim. No substantial impacts were seen in health system management, service delivery or performance.
Conclusions:
The introduction of PCV had marginal impacts on the Expanded Programme for Immunisation and little to none on broader health systems.