Health Affairs
February 2016; Volume 35, Issue 2
http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/current
Issue Focus: Vaccines
Vaccine Discovery, Production, And Delivery
Alan R. Weil
Extract
Vaccines are a bit like a wonder drug. A shot or two is all it takes to prevent premature death or a lifetime of disability. What more do we need to know? Quite a lot, it turns out. The gap between the potential vaccines offer and what we actually achieve is determined by myriad social, economic, political, and health system factors.

As Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, notes in an interview in these pages: “Vaccines do not deliver themselves.” They also don’t finance their own development or distribution, educate the public about their benefits, or eliminate income disparities in access to health services.
The complex environment in which vaccines are discovered, produced, and delivered is the theme of this month’s Health Affairs.

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DataGraphic
Why The Decade Of Vaccines?
Health Aff February 2016 35:188-189; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1518

Interview
Eliminating Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Around The World
Alan R. Weil

Entry Point
The United States’ Piecemeal Approach To Vaccine Policy
Jessica Bylander
Health Aff February 2016 35:195-198; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1599

Value Of Vaccines
Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20
Sachiko Ozawa, Samantha Clark, Allison Portnoy, Simrun Grewal, Logan Brenzel, and Damian G. Walker

PERSPECTIVE: When Not All That Counts Can Be Counted: Economic Evaluations And The Value Of Vaccination
Jason L. Schwartz and Adel Mahmoud
Health Aff February 2016 35:208-211; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1438

VIEWPOINT: The Social Value Of Vaccination Programs: Beyond Cost-Effectiveness
Jeroen Luyten and Philippe Beutels
Health Aff February 2016 35:212-218; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1088

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Economics Of Vaccines
Vaccine Pipeline Has Grown During The Past Two Decades With More Early-Stage Trials From Small And Medium-Size Companies
Thomas J. Hwang and Aaron S. Kesselheim
Health Aff February 2016 35:219-226; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1073

Current Global Pricing For Human Papillomavirus Vaccines Brings The Greatest Economic Benefits To Rich Countries
Niamh Herlihy, Raymond Hutubessy, and Mark Jit
Health Aff February 2016 35:227-234; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1411

No Shot: US Vaccine Prices And Shortages
David B. Ridley, Xiaoshu Bei, and Eli B. Liebman

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Sustainable Financing For Vaccines
Vaccine Assistance To Low- And Middle-Income Countries Increased To $3.6 Billion In 2014
Annie Haakenstad, Maxwell Birger, Lavanya Singh, Patrick Liu, Stephen Lim, Marie Ng, and Joseph L. Dieleman

Gavi’s Transition Policy: Moving From Development Assistance To Domestic Financing Of Immunization Programs
Judith Kallenberg, Wilson Mok, Robert Newman, Aurélia Nguyen, Theresa Ryckman, Helen Saxenian, and Paul Wilson
Health Aff February 2016 35:250-258; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1079

EPIC Studies: Governments Finance, On Average, More Than 50 Percent Of Immunization Expenses, 2010–11
Logan Brenzel, Carl Schütte, Keti Goguadze, Werner Valdez, Jean-Bernard Le Gargasson, and Teresa Guthrie

ANALYSIS & COMMENTARY: Routes Countries Can Take To Achieve Full Ownership Of Immunization Programs
Michael McQuestion, Andrew Carlson, Khongorzul Dari, Devendra Gnawali, Clifford Kamara, Helene Mambu-Ma-Disu, Jonas Mbwanque, Diana Kizza, Dana Silver, and Eka Paatashvili
Health Aff February 2016 35:266-271; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1067

PERSPECTIVE: Country Ownership And Gavi Transition: Comprehensive Approaches To Supporting New Vaccine Introduction
Angela K. Shen, Jonathan M. Weiss, Jon Kim Andrus, Clint Pecenka, Deborah Atherly, Katherine Taylor, and Michael McQuestion

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Strengthening Immunization Programs
ANALYSIS & COMMENTARY: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative: Progress, Lessons Learned, And Polio Legacy Transition Planning
Stephen L. Cochi, Lea Hegg, Anjali Kaur, Carol Pandak, and Hamid Jafari
Health Aff February 2016 35:277-283; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1104

Assessing Interventions To Improve Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Health Care Workers
Harunor Rashid, Jiehui Kevin Yin, Kirsten Ward, Catherine King, Holly Seale, and Robert Booy
Health Aff February 2016 35:284-292; doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1087

Reorganizing Nigeria’s Vaccine Supply Chain Reduces Need For Additional Storage Facilities, But More Storage Is Required
Ekundayo Shittu, Melissa Harnly, Shanta Whitaker, and Roger Miller

INNOVATION PROFILE: Argentina’s Successful Implementation Of A National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program
Hannah Patel, Ellen Wilson, Carla Vizzotti, Greg Parston, Jessica Prestt, and Ara Darzi

Strategies To Boost Maternal Immunization To Achieve Further Gains In Improved Maternal And Newborn Health
Mark R. Steedman, Beate Kampmann, Egbert Schillings, Hanan Al Kuwari, and Ara Darzi

As Oral Vaccines Fall Short In Low-Income Countries, Researchers Look For Solutions
Carina Storrs

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Eliminating Measles & Rubella
DATAWATCH: Slow Progress In Finalizing Measles And Rubella Elimination In The European Region
Robin Biellik, Iria Davidkin, Susanna Esposito, Andrey Lobanov, Mira Kojouharova, Günter Pfaff,
José Ignacio Santos, John Simpson, Myriam Ben Mamou, Robb Butler, Sergei Deshevoi, Shahin Huseynov, Dragan Jankovic, and Abigail Shefer

ANALYSIS & COMMENTARY: Combining Global Elimination Of Measles And Rubella With Strengthening Of Health Systems In Developing Countries
Jon Kim Andrus, Stephen L. Cochi, Louis Z. Cooper, and Jonathan D. Klein

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Attitudes Toward Vaccination
Exploring The Impact Of The US Measles Outbreak On Parental Awareness Of And Support For Vaccination
Michael A. Cacciatore, Glen Nowak, and Nathaniel J. Evans

Publicly Available Online Tool Facilitates Real-Time Monitoring Of Vaccine Conversations And Sentiments
Chi Y. Bahk, Melissa Cumming, Louisa Paushter, Lawrence C. Madoff, Angus Thomson, and John S. Brownstein

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Children’s Vaccination In The United States
ANALYSIS & COMMENTARY: A Tale Of Two States: Mississippi, West Virginia, And Exemptions To Compulsory School Vaccination Laws
James Colgrove and Abigail Lowin

Since The Start Of The Vaccines For Children Program, Uptake Has Increased, And Most Disparities Have Decreased
Brendan Walsh, Edel Doherty, and Ciaran O’Neill

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Web First
DATAWATCH: Variation In Rural Health Information Technology Adoption And Use
Dawn M. Heisey-Grove