Risk Analysis          
Volume 39, Issue 2  Pages: 291-508   February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current
Special Issue: Social Science of Automated Driving

Original Research Articles
Evaluation of Proactive and Reactive Strategies for Polio Eradication Activities in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Kimberly M. Thompson
Pages: 389-401
First Published: 21 September 2018

Risk Analysis          
Volume 39, Issue 2  Pages: 291-508   February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current
Special Issue: Social Science of Automated Driving

Modeling Undetected Live Poliovirus Circulation After Apparent Interruption of Transmission: Pakistan and Afghanistan
Dominika A. Kalkowska, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Mark A. Pallansch. Kimberly M. Thompson
Pages: 402-413
First Published: 08 October 2018

Risk Analysis          
Volume 39, Issue 2  Pages: 291-508   February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current

Environmental Surveillance System Characteristics and Impacts on Confidence About No Undetected Serotype 1 Wild Poliovirus Circulation
Dominika A. Kalkowska,Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Kimberly M. Thompson
Pages: 414-425
First Published: 21 September 2018

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
Volume 11, 2018
https://www.dovepress.com/risk-management-and-healthcare-policy-archive56

Original Research
Equity of health workforce distribution in Thailand: an implication of concentration index
Witthayapipopsakul W, Cetthakrikul N, Suphanchaimat R, Noree T, Sawaengdee K
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2019, 12:13-22
Published Date: 5 February 2019
 

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 27  Pages 1-142 (January–February 2019)
http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/

Editorial  Full text access
The World Health Organisation (WHO) and International Travel and Health: New collaborative, evidence-based and digital directions
Corinne Ponce, Carmen Dolea

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 27  Pages 1-142 (January–February 2019)
http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/

Editorial  Full text access
Should travellers be offered vaccination against the dengue virus?
Emilie Javelle, Asma Al Balushi, Sanne Jespersen, Seif Al Abri, … Eskild Petersen
Pages 2-4

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 27  Pages 1-142 (January–February 2019)
http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/

Editorial  Full text access
The current syndemic in Venezuela: Measles, malaria and more co-infections coupled with a breakdown of social and healthcare infrastructure. Quo vadis?
Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, José Antonio Suárez, Alejandro Risquez, Lourdes Delgado-Noguera, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
Pages 5-8

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 27  Pages 1-142 (January–February 2019)
http://www.travelmedicinejournal.com/

Research article   Open access
National approaches to the vaccination of recently arrived migrants in Europe: A comparative policy analysis across 32 European countries
Sofanne J. Ravensbergen, Laura B. Nellums, Sally Hargreaves, Ymkje Stienstra, … Jon S. Friedland
Pages 33-38

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9  Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
Associations between population based voting trends during the 2016 US presidential election and adolescent vaccination rates
Manika Suryadevara, Cynthia A. Bonville, Donald A. Cibula, Joseph B. Domachowske, Amar C. Suryadevara
Pages 1160-1167

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9  Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
Measuring vaccine hesitancy, confidence, trust and flu vaccine uptake: Results of a national survey of White and African American adults
Sandra Crouse Quinn, Amelia M. Jamison, Ji An, Gregory R. Hancock, Vicki S. Freimuth
Pages 1168-1173

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9 Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination among medical students in Mangalore, India
Nandan Padmanabha, Jyoti Ramnath Kini, Anam Anil Alwani, Aashlesha Sardesai
Pages 1174-1181

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9 Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
Vaccination among Medicare-fee-for service beneficiaries: Characteristics and predictors of vaccine receipt, 2014–2017
Angela K. Shen, Rob Warnock, Weston Selna, Thomas E. MaCurdy, … Jeffrey A. Kelman
Pages 1194-1201

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9 Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
Community-based household assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage and acceptability – HPV vaccine demonstration program, Cambodia – 2017
Julie Garon, In Vong Wuddhika, Nandini Sreenivasan, Kathleen Wannemuehler, … Anagha Loharikar
Pages 1202-1208

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 9 Pages 1131-1254 (21 February 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/9

Research article  Abstract only
A cost analysis of producing vaccines in developing countries
Syarifah Liza Munira, Jan T. Hendriks, Ines I. Atmosukarto, Martin H. Friede, … Archie C.A. Clements
Pages 1245-1251
Abstract
Developing country vaccine manufacturers (DCVMs) supply over half of the vaccines used in developing country immunisation programs. Decisions by developing countries to establish vaccine manufacturing should be based on economic viability, however reliable assessments of vaccine production costs are lacking. This study aimed to quantify the cost of establishing vaccine manufacturing facilities and producing vaccines in developing countries.
This study estimates vaccine production costs in developing countries based on twelve vaccines produced by eight DCVMs. The results were based on estimates of the capital and operating costs required to establish vaccine manufacturing facilities under three hypothetical scenarios of production scale and scope. Cost patterns were then compared to vaccine prices paid by countries in both industrialized and developing country markets.
The cost of producing vaccines in developing countries was estimated to be on average US$ 2.18 per dose, ranging between US$ 0.98 and US$ 4.85 for different vaccine types and formulations. Vaccine costs-per-dose decrease as production scale and scope increase. Cost-per-dose is mainly driven by fixed costs, but at a scale of production over 20 million doses per year it becomes driven by variable costs. Under the three hypothetical scenarios used, costs-per-dose of vaccines produced by developing countries were around 47% lower than vaccine prices in developing-country markets and 84% lower than prices in industrialized-country markets.
This study has found that local production of vaccines in developing countries exhibits both economies of scale and economies of scope. The lower costs relative to prices suggests that a producer surplus and potential profits may be attainable in both developing and developed country markets, supporting sustainable production.

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Open Access  Article
Immunogenicity and Immune Memory after a Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Booster in a High-Risk Population Primed with 10-Valent or 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Papua New Guinean Children
by Anita H. J. van den Biggelaar, William S. Pomat, Geraldine Masiria, Sandra Wana, Birunu Nivio, Jacinta Francis, Rebecca Ford, Megan Passey, Lea-Ann Kirkham, Peter Jacoby, Deborah Lehmann, Peter Richmond and the 10v13v PCV Trial Team
Vaccines 2019, 7(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7010017 (registering DOI) – 4 February 2019

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Journal of Global Health
Published online 2019 Jan 23.
Utilization of non-Ebola health care services during Ebola outbreaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
JA Wilhelm, S Helleringer –
Beyond their direct effects on mortality, outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) might disrupt the provision of health care services in affected countries, possibly resulting in an increase in the number of deaths from non-EVD causes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting the impact of EVD outbreaks on health care utilization.

Media/Policy Watch

This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.

We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level. 

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
U.S.
Washington Lawmakers Weigh Vaccine Bill Amid Outbreak
Feb 8, 2019
Amid a measles outbreak that has sickened more than 50 people in the Pacific Northwest, Washington lawmakers heard testimony Friday on a bill that would remove parents’ ability to claim a personal or philosophical exemption to opt their school-age children out of the combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine…
 
 
Asia Pacific
Measles Outbreak in Philippines Spreads Beyond Capital
Health officials said a vaccine scare in 2017 had deterred parents from immunizing their children against the disease.
 
 
Wall Street Journal
http://online.wsj.com/home-page?_wsjregion=na,us&_homepage=/home/us
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development  
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new relevant content]

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 9 Feb 2019
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives

144th Session of the WHO Executive Board

24 January – 1 February 2019   Geneva, Switzerland

Resolutions

In an effort to respond to Member States’ needs, the present texts have been made available as quickly as possible. The definitive versions of the resolutions and decisions adopted, edited for the Official Records, will be made available in due course.

EB144.R1  Appointment of the Regional Director for South-East Asia

EB144.R2  Appointment of the Regional Director for the Western Pacific

EB144.R3  Expression of appreciation to Dr Shin Young-soo

EB144.R4  Community health workers delivering primary health care: opportunities and challenges

EB144.R5  Water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities

EB144.R6  Scale of assessments for 2020–2021

EB144.R7  Confirmation of amendments to the Staff Rules

EB144.R8  Salaries of staff in ungraded positions and of the Director-General

Decisions

In an effort to respond to Member States’ needs, the present texts have been made available as quickly as possible. The definitive versions of the resolutions and decisions adopted, edited for the Official Records, will be made available in due course.

EB144(1)  Follow-up to the political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases

EB144(2)  Accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer as a global public health problem

EB144(3)  WHO reform processes, including the transformation agenda, and implementation of United Nations development system reform

EB144(4)  WHO reform processes, including the transformation agenda, and implementation of United Nations development system reform

EB144(5)  Engagement with non-State actors

EB144(6)  Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits

Milestones :: Perspectives

UNICEF – Six months on, Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo now second largest in history

With children accounting for 30% of the confirmed and probable Ebola cases, UNICEF scales up its response to halt spread of the disease

KINSHASA/NEW YORK, 30 January 2019 – Since the latest Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was declared six months ago on 1st August 2018, more than 740 people – 30 per cent of whom are children – have been infected with the disease, including over 460 who have died, and 258 that have survived Ebola. Alongside the Government and partners, UNICEF is scaling up its response to assist victims, control the spread of the disease and ultimately end the deadly outbreak.

This is the 10th Ebola outbreak in the DRC and the country’s worst. It is also the world’s second largest Ebola outbreak in history after the one in West Africa in 2014-2016. The response to this latest outbreak continues to be hampered by insecurity, frequent movement of people in the affected areas, and resistance from some communities.

“While we have been able to largely control the disease in Mangina, Beni and Komanda, the virus continues to spread in the Butembo area, largely because of insecurity and population movement,” said Dr. Gianfranco Rotigliano, UNICEF Representative in the DRC. “We are scaling up our response and deploying additional staff in the health zones of Butembo and Katwa, where 65 per cent of the new Ebola cases in the last three weeks have occurred.”

Since the beginning of the epidemic, UNICEF and its partners have deployed more than 650 staff to work with Government, civil society, churches, and non-governmental organizations – to assist people and families who’ve been infected and to raise awareness about the best hygiene and behavioural practices to prevent Ebola from spreading.

UNICEF’s Ebola response focuses on community engagement, providing water and sanitation, making schools safe from Ebola and supporting children and families infected and affected by Ebola. UNICEF aims to control and prevent the spread of the disease, and ultimately stop the outbreak; to reduce Ebola-related deaths among those infected; and to provide protection, alleviate suffering and give assistance to affected children and families.

People who’ve been infected, as well as affected families and their children, including children orphaned by Ebola and unaccompanied children, continue to receive psychosocial support to help them cope with the consequences of the Ebola disease. UNICEF is also providing a protective environment for children in schools and nutrition assistance, including to children and adults in Ebola Treatment Centers.

“Our teams in Mangina, Beni, Oicha, Komanda, Butembo and Lubero are working tirelessly with this multi-pronged approach to end the Ebola outbreak as quickly as possible, and to help affected children and families,” stressed Dr. Rotigliano.

To date, UNICEF and its partners have:
:: Reached out to more than 10 million people in affected areas with prevention messages in collaboration with community leaders and through mass media;
:: Provided drinking water to more than 1.3 million people in public places, health facilities and

schools;
:: Trained 8,146 teachers on Ebola prevention measures;
:: Reached 157,133 children in 888 schools with prevention messages;
:: Provided assistance to 830 families directly affected by Ebola;
:: Identified 686 Ebola orphans and provided them with appropriate care.

Featured Journal Content

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
February 2019 Volume 56, Issue 2, p179-334
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Review Articles
Immunization Coverage of Children in Care of the Child Welfare System in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Jennifer S. Hermann, Robin M. Featherstone, Margaret L. Russell, Shannon E. MacDonald
e55–e63
Published online: December 4, 2018
Open Access
Abstract
Context
Children in care of the child welfare system tend to underutilize preventive health services compared with other children. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess current knowledge regarding immunization coverage levels for children in the child welfare system and to determine barriers and supports to them utilizing immunization services.
Evidence acquisition
Articles published in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and ERIC from January 1, 2000 to October 13, 2017 were searched. Thesis and conference databases and relevant websites were also examined. Studies were included if written in English, from high-income countries, and addressed immunizations for children in the child welfare system. Independent dual screening, extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted between October 2016 and December 2017, followed by narrative synthesis.
Evidence synthesis
Of 2,906 records identified, 33 met inclusion criteria: 21 studied coverage, two studied barriers/supports, and ten studied both. Nineteen studies were moderate or high quality and thus included in the narrative synthesis; 15 studied coverage, one studied barriers/supports, and three studied both. Most studies found lower coverage among children in child welfare. The few studies that explicitly studied barriers/supports to immunization identified that a collaborative and coordinated approach between health and social services was key to service delivery to this population.
Conclusions
This review highlights that children in care of the child welfare system are at risk of poor immunization coverage. There is a need for high-quality studies on this issue, with a focus on assessing supports/barriers to immunization in this population.

Emergencies

 
 
POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 30 January 2019
:: 2018 in review and looking ahead to 2019: progress, challenges, milestones and takeaway lessons as we move forward. Read here.
:: The 144th Session of the Executive Board is meeting from 24 January to 1 February ahead of the World Health Assembly in May. Polio was one of the main talking points in the opening speech by the DG WHO and current Chair of the Polio Oversight Board, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Read his speech here. Concurrently, the DG also had a stakeholder consultation where he stressed on the need for strengthened and systematic collaboration between partners, health, and non-health actors, and committing to transparent long-term budgets for eradication efforts.

 Summary of new viruses this week:
:: Afghanistan – five WPV1 positive environmental samples;
:: Pakistan – ten wild polioviruses type 1 (WPV1) positive environmental samples;
:: Nigeria – two circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV2) positive environmental samples.

::::::
::::::

Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies  [to 2 Feb 2019]
Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis
:: Bi‐weekly Situation Report 2 – 31 January 2019

KEY HIGHLIGHTS
:: The number of varicella cases reported in week 4 has increased to 5 376, which is more than double from week 3. WHO and the health sector are working in collaboration with community health working group; education sector and risk communication group for multi-prong response
:: Partners were provided with important guidance on key issues such as temperature control storage, disposal of drugs and content of Emergency health kits were shared with partners through a health logistics meeting
:: WHO was involved in developing a microplan for water quality surveillance in refugee camps for 2019.
:: The health sector is actively coordinating a systematic rationalisation process to reduce duplication of health facilities in the refugee camps

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
Disease outbreak news: Update
31 January 2019
The Ministry of Health (MoH), WHO and partners continue to respond to an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), despite persistent challenges around security and community mistrust impacting response measures. Relatively high numbers of cases were reported in recent weeks (Figure 1), mostly driven by the outbreak in Katwa Health Zone; the current focus of large scale response activities. Smaller clusters continue to be reported beyond Katwa Health Zone, including from Beni and Oicha; however, teams have quickly and systematically responded to these clusters to prevent onward transmission and guard against further geographical expansion of the outbreak. Teams are also working actively to strengthen community trust and participation in all affected areas.
As we approach six months since declaration of the outbreak, there have been a total of 752 EVD cases1 (698 confirmed and 54 probable) reported, including 465 deaths (overall case fatality ratio: 62%) as of 29 January 2019. Thus far, 259 people have been discharged from Ebola Treatment Centres (ETCs) and enrolled in a dedicated program for monitoring and supporting survivors. Among cases with a reported age and sex, 59% (439/750) were female, and 30% (224/749) were aged less than 18 years; including 115 children under 5 years…

South Sudan
:: South Sudan vaccinates health workers against Ebola
Yambio, 28 January 2019 – The Ministry of Health of South Sudan, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, UNICEF and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other partners, today started vaccinating health workers and other front-line responders against Ebola as part of preparedness measures to fight the spread of the disease.
Vaccination began in Yambio, Gbudue State, but health workers in Tombura, Yei and Nimule as well as the capital city, Juba, will also be offered the vaccine. These are high-risk areas bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), now experiencing its tenth outbreak of Ebola. The outbreak began 1 August 2018. Neighbouring countries have not reported any cases of Ebola, but preparedness is crucial…

Syrian Arab Republic
:: WHO concerned over critical health situation in Al-Hol camp, Al-Hasakeh
31 January 2019, Damascus, Syria – The World Health Organization is extremely concerned about the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Al-Hol camp in Al-Hasakeh governorate, and calls on all parties to the conflict to provide unhindered humanitarian access to people in need of life-saving aid….

Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified  
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

 
WHO Grade 2 Emergencies  [to 2 Feb 2019]

Brazil (in Portugese) – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon  – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic  – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Hurricane Irma and Maria in the Caribbean – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory  – No new digest announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

 
WHO Grade 1 Emergencies  [to 2 Feb 2019]
Afghanistan
Chad
Indonesia – Sulawesi earthquake 2018
Kenya
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Mali
Namibia – viral hepatitis
Peru
Philippines – Tyhpoon Mangkhut
Tanzania 

::::::

WHO AFRO Outbreaks – Week 04: 19 – 25 January 2019
The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 57 events in the region. This week’s edition covers key new and ongoing events, including:
:: Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Measles in Madagascar
:: Humanitarian crisis in Nigeria
:: Humanitarian crisis in South Sudan

::::::
::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Yemen
:: Hajjah Flash Update 1 | 27 January 2018

Syrian Arab Republic   – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
Ethiopia  – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia  – No new digest announcements identified

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::::::

 
Editor’s Note:
We will cluster these recent emergencies as below and continue to monitor the WHO webpages for updates and key developments.
 
 
EBOLA/EVD  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/ebola/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.
 
 
MERS-CoV [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.
 
 
Yellow Fever  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.
 
 
Zika virus  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.

WHO & Regional Offices [to 2 Feb 2019]

28 January 2019 | News Release
Cabo Verde leads the way in ending new HIV infections in children in West and Central Africa

27 January 2019 | Photo Story
Women are key in Ebola response

::::::

144th Session of the WHO Executive Board
24 January – 1 February 2019 Coordinated Universal Time
Geneva, Switzerland
[See selected Resolutions/Decisions in Milestones above]

::::::

Weekly Epidemiological Record, 1 February 2019, vol. 94, 05 (pp. 53–64)
Detection of influenza viruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: WHO external quality assessment programme summary analysis, 2018

Vaccine Injury Compensation
Extract from report of GACVS meeting of 5-6 December 2018, published in the WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record on 25 January 2019
Vaccine injury compensation programmes (VICPs) are no-fault schemes established to compensate individuals who experience a vaccine-related injury. The results of a global survey of the status of VICPs in WHO Member States was presented and discussed.

Vaccine Safety Strategy post-2020
Extract from report of GACVS meeting of 5-6 December 2018, published in the WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record on 25 January 2019
Preparing for the Global Vaccine Safety blueprint 2.0, aligned with the WHO’s post-2020 immunization strategy.

Vaccine Safety Communication
Extract from report of GACVS meeting of 5-6 December 2018, published in the WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record on 25 January 2019
Vaccine safety issues can lead to crisis, erosion of public trust and even collapse of immunization programmes if communication is not properly handled. To contribute to a common framework for vaccine safety crisis communication and capacity-building in Member States, a series of case studies of vaccine safety communication is being prepared.

::::::

WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: WHO scales up Lassa fever response in affected states  01 February 2019
:: Uganda’s Disease Surveillance System Proves to be Effective in Detecting and Follow up Ebola Contacts Suspected Cases  31 January 2019
:: South Sudan vaccinates health workers against Ebola  28 January 2019

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women in Latin America and the Caribbean, but it can be prevented (02/01/2019)
:: PAHO reminds international travelers to get vaccinated before traveling to areas with yellow fever (01/31/2019)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
– No new digest announcements identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: World Cancer Day: action for protection against cervical cancer 01-02-2019
:: New WHO factsheets reveal Europe struggles to implement policies to reduce alcohol consumption 31-01-2019
:: “Nothing feels better than being confident that you are healthy” – a young man’s experience of PrEP 29-01-2019
:: 2018–2019 influenza season: what we know so far 28-01-2019
:: Danish health literacy campaign restores confidence in HPV vaccination 28-01-2019

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Injured journalist prevented from accessing health care  31 January 2019
:: Executive Board announces 2020 as “Year of the Nurse and Midwife”  30 January 2019

WHO Western Pacific Region
– No new digest announcements identified.

::::::
::::::

CDC/ACIP [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
MMWR News Synopsis for February 01, 2019
HIV Partner Service Delivery Among Blacks or African Americans — United States, 2016
New data from the CDC support the idea that prevention efforts that consistently include partner services might increase early diagnosis and improve HIV-related health outcomes among African Americans. HIV partner services are offered to people with diagnosed HIV infection and their sex/needle-sharing partners. Among the services provided to those who are notified of their potential HIV exposure is HIV testing, mental health support, housing assistance, and substance misuse treatment. In order to better understand the impact of HIV partner services among African Americans, CDC analyzed 2016 data submitted by state and local health departments. The analysis found that slightly more (76 percent) African Americans diagnosed with HIV were interviewed for partner services relative to all people diagnosed with HIV infection. Among African American partners identified through partner services, 78 percent were notified of their potential HIV exposure. Of those, 47 percent were tested for HIV, and 17 percent of those tested received a new HIV diagnosis. The rate of new HIV diagnosis was particularly high among black partners who were men who had sex with men (MSM, 37 percent) or transgender (38 percent). Findings support the idea that prevention efforts that include partner services might increase early diagnosis and improve HIV-related health outcomes among African Americans.

Postlicensure Safety Surveillance of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (Shingrix) — United States, October 2017–June 2018
Healthcare providers and patients can be reassured by early results from a post-licensure safety study of the Shingrix recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV). Serious adverse events were rare, and no unexpected patterns were detected. This is the first report covering post-licensure safety monitoring of the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV; Shingrix, GSK) in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) during the initial eight months of use in the United States. From October 2017-June 2018, VAERS received 4,381 adverse event reports related to Shingrix; 4,251 (97%) were classified as non-serious. During that timeframe, about 3.2 million doses of Shingrix were distributed in the United States. The most common signs and symptoms reported were fever, injection site pain and redness. These findings are consistent with pre-licensure clinical trial data, and no unexpected patterns were detected. Clinicians should counsel patients to expect common reactions such as pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site, along with possible body aches, fever, and chills. These reactions usually resolve on their own in two to three days.

Africa CDC   [to 2 Feb 2019]

https://au.int/en/africacdc
No new digest content identified.

::::::

China CDC 

http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified.

Announcements
 
 
Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group    [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.alleninstitute.org/news-press/
News
New CRISPR-based technique in mice upends rules of genetic inheritance
January 23, 2019
‘Active genetics,’ the parent technique of controversial gene drives, could speed biomedical research, improve mouse models of human disease.
 
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 28-31 January 2019
News   01/02/2019
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
Latest news
Workshop on “In vivo imaging of host response to vaccines and infections”
29 January 2019
Workshop will concentrate on latest advances in non-invasive imaging technologies
 
 
FDA [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
January 30, 2019 –
Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on 2019 efforts to advance the development of complex generics to improve patient access to medicines
 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Partner event
4th Meeting of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) – WASH Working Group
February 12 – 13, 2019 – Les Pensières Center for Global Health, Veyrier du Lac (France)
 
 
Gavi [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
GHIT Fund   [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Global Fund  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Hilleman Laboratories   [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IAVI  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVAC  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVI   [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
[Undated]
Prof. Clemens wins Prince Mahidol Award
:: Prof. John D. Clemens, former Director General of IVI, honored with The Prince Mahidol Award in public health
:: Clemens, Prof. Jan R. Holmgren cited for leading the development of oral cholera vaccine
Professor John D. Clemens, former Director General of the International Vaccine Institute (IVI), and Professor Jan R. Holmgren, received the prestigious Prince Mahidol Award in the field of Public Health for their 30 years of work that culminated in the development of an oral cholera vaccine.
Professor Clemens is now the Executive Director of icddr,b in Bangladesh, and Professor Holmgren works at Gothenburg University in Sweden.
Prof. Clemens served as the first Director General of IVI from 1999 to 2011. Under his leadership, IVI coordinated a public-private partnership that led to the development of the world’s first low-cost oral cholera vaccine. The vaccine was transferred to Shantha Biotech in India and EuBiologics in South Korea, which brought the ‘Shanchol’ and ‘Euvichol (Euvichol-Plus)’ vaccines to market. More than 25 million doses of the vaccine have been administered in over 20 countries worldwide. Prof. Holmgren also served on IVI’s Board of Trustees and Scientific Advisory Group in the 2000s, as they continued collaboration to accelerate the development of OCV…
 
 
JEE Alliance  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports
Burkina Faso
Escalating violence leaves displaced with significant needs
Project Update 31 Jan 2019
 
 
DRC 2018 Ebola outbreaks
Crisis update – January 2019
Crisis Update 30 Jan 2019
 
 
NIH  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
January 30, 2019
NIH-supported scientists develop tool to measure success of HIV cure strategies
— New assay can accurately and easily count the cells in the HIV reservoir.

NIH scientists explore tick salivary glands as tool to study virus transmission and infection
January 29, 2019 — New research focuses on the role of salivary glands in spreading flaviviruses from black-legged ticks to mammals.
 
 
PATH  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNAIDS [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNICEF  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Statement
Violence, displacement and harsh conditions in Syria kill over 30 children since December
Statement attributable to UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore
31/01/2019
 
Press release
Nearly 3,000 children crossed from Guatemala to Mexico since mid-January – UNICEF
Children on the move should always be protected, stay with their families and be kept out of detention centres, UNICEF says
30/01/2019
 
Press release
Investing in children should be the foundation of Myanmar’s progress and development
‘Children must be top priority’, says UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore at end of three-day visit
30/01/2019
 
Press release
Six months on, Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo now second largest in history
With children accounting for 30% of the confirmed and probable Ebola cases, UNICEF scales up its response to halt spread of the disease
30/01/2019
[See Ebola above for more detail]
  
Press release
UNICEF appeals for $3.9 billion in emergency assistance for 41 million children affected by conflict or disaster
28/01/2019
 
Statement
UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore’s remarks at High-Level Event: “Realizing Myanmar’s Development Vision for Every Child”
28/01/2019
 
Statement
UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore’s remarks at the 2019 U Thant Memorial Lecture
“Building a Peaceful Future by Investing in Children & Young People”
28/01/2019
 
 
Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Posted on 20 Jan, 2019
WHO announces Top Ten Threats to Global Health in 2019
In its 2019 new year message, WHO has named vaccine hesitancy as one of the world’s top 10 global health threats, alongside air pollution and climate change, noncommunicable diseases, global influenza pandemic, fragile and vulnerable settings, antimicrobial resistance,  Ebola and other high-threat…
 
 
Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Wellcome Trust  [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 29 January 2019
We’ve funded projects with impact and legacy in the latest Public Engagement Fund awards
by Alexandra Parsons
Last November we made another round of awards through our Public Engagement Fund. Alexandra Parsons shares news about future improvements to the fund and tips for writing a strong application.
 
Wellcome Trust | 28 January 2019
Anita Krishnamurthi is Wellcome’s new Head of Education and Learning
 
 
The Wistar Institute   [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Release    Jan. 30, 2019
Cullinan Oncology to Develop Novel EBNA1 Inhibitor Discovered by The Wistar Institute
First-in-class small molecule targeting EBV-driven cancers to enter Phase 1 in 2019
 
 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2018/
21/01/19
Agriculture Ministers support the OIE in upgrading animal data systems for improved animal disease management
Last Saturday, the 74 Ministers’ delegations participating in the 11th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture (GFFA), to debate digitalisation and smart solutions for future farming, expressed their support to the on-going renovation of the World Animal Health Information System, OIE-WAHIS, acknowledging its key contribution to a more sustainable, responsible and efficient livestock production. They also entrusted the OIE to pursue the implementation of global digital structures promoting an enhanced exchange of information, thereby contributing to strengthen the cross-border fight against animal diseases.
 
 
BIO    [to 2 Feb 2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.
 
 
DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFPMA   [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PhRMA    [to 2 Feb 2019]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
January 31, 2019     Press Release
Sanofi CEO Olivier Brandicourt Becomes PhRMA Board Chairman
Giovanni Caforio, M.D., Chairman of the Board and CEO, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company and David Ricks, Chairman and CEO, Eli Lilly and Company, assume new posts
Washington, D.C. (January 31, 2019) — Today, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) elected three new officers to its board of directors. Olivier Brandicourt, CEO, Sanofi, became chairman of the PhRMA board of directors. Giovanni Caforio, M.D., chairman of the Board and CEO, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company was named chairman-elect and David Ricks, chairman and CEO, Eli Lilly and Company assumed the role of board treasurer…
 
 
Industry Watch    [to 2 Feb 2019]
:: Merck Receives Breakthrough Therapy Designation from FDA for V114, the Company’s Investigational 15-Valent Conjugate Vaccine for the Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, in Infants, Children, and Adolescents
January 30, 2019 KENILWORTH, N.J.  Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced that V114, the company’s investigational 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, has received Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the vaccine serotypes in pediatric patients 6 weeks to 18 years of age. V114 is also under development for the prevention of IPD in adults. Both indications are currently being studied in Phase 3 clinical trials…
 
:: Takeda’s Dengue Vaccine Candidate Meets Primary Endpoint in Pivotal Phase 3 Efficacy Trial
− Takeda’s dengue vaccine candidate (TAK-003) was efficacious in preventing dengue fever in children and adolescents living in dengue-endemic countries in the ongoing Phase 3 trial –
− The vaccine candidate was found to be well tolerated with no significant safety concerns identified in analyses to date –
− Details will be published in a peer-reviewed journal
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. & OSAKA, Japan– Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited [TSE:4502 / NYSE:TAK] (“Takeda”) today announced that the pivotal Phase 3 trial of its dengue vaccine candidate met the primary efficacy endpoint. This first analysis of the Tetravalent Immunization against Dengue Efficacy Study (TIDES) trial showed that the company’s investigational live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) was efficacious in preventing dengue fever caused by any of the four serotypes of the virus. While review of the extensive data set is ongoing, TAK-003 was well tolerated with no significant safety concerns to date. The TIDES trial is continuing and additional results are expected later this year, along with results from other Phase 3 studies…1

Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Infection Control
February 2019 Volume 47, Issue 2, p117-228
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

Major Articles
Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among health care workers in an adult tertiary care hospital in Singapore: A cross-sectional survey
Win Mar Kyaw, Angela Chow, Aung Aung Hein, Lay Tin Lee, Yee Sin Leo, Hanley J Ho
p133–138
Published online: October 4, 2018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
February 2019 Volume 56, Issue 2, p179-334
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current
Research Articles

Cost Effectiveness of Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccination in College-Aged Young Adults
Ira L. Leeds, Vasanthkumar Namasivayam, Assanatou Bamogo, Prithvi Sankhla, Winter M. Thayer
p196–204
Published online: December 17, 2018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
February 2019 Volume 56, Issue 2, p179-334
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current
Research Articles

Child Influenza Vaccination and Adult Work Loss: Reduced Sick Leave Use Only in Adults With Paid Sick Leave
William K. Bleser, Patricia Y. Miranda, Daniel A. Salmon
p251–261
Published online: December 17, 2018

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
February 2019 Volume 56, Issue 2, p179-334
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Review Articles
Immunization Coverage of Children in Care of the Child Welfare System in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Jennifer S. Hermann, Robin M. Featherstone, Margaret L. Russell, Shannon E. MacDonald
e55–e63
Published online: December 4, 2018
Open Access
Abstract
Context
Children in care of the child welfare system tend to underutilize preventive health services compared with other children. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess current knowledge regarding immunization coverage levels for children in the child welfare system and to determine barriers and supports to them utilizing immunization services.
Evidence acquisition
Articles published in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and ERIC from January 1, 2000 to October 13, 2017 were searched. Thesis and conference databases and relevant websites were also examined. Studies were included if written in English, from high-income countries, and addressed immunizations for children in the child welfare system. Independent dual screening, extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted between October 2016 and December 2017, followed by narrative synthesis.
Evidence synthesis
Of 2,906 records identified, 33 met inclusion criteria: 21 studied coverage, two studied barriers/supports, and ten studied both. Nineteen studies were moderate or high quality and thus included in the narrative synthesis; 15 studied coverage, one studied barriers/supports, and three studied both. Most studies found lower coverage among children in child welfare. The few studies that explicitly studied barriers/supports to immunization identified that a collaborative and coordinated approach between health and social services was key to service delivery to this population.
Conclusions
This review highlights that children in care of the child welfare system are at risk of poor immunization coverage. There is a need for high-quality studies on this issue, with a focus on assessing supports/barriers to immunization in this population.

American Journal of Public Health
February 2019  109(2)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

VACCINES
Vaccine Trials in Schools: We Must Not Ignore Progress
Immunization/Vaccines, Child and Adolescent Health, School Health, Ethics
Alan R. Hinman, David Addiss, Arthur Caplan, Lisa M. Carlson, James V. Lavery and Walter A. Orenstein
109(2), pp. 219–220

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 2 Feb 2019)

Research article
Safety of live attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine in patients with underlying illnesses compared with healthy adults: a prospective cohort study
In Japan, freeze-dried live attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine is available for adults aged ≥50 years to prevent herpes zoster. However, limited evidence has been accumulated regarding vaccine safety for pati…
Authors: Satoko Ohfuji, Kazuya Ito, Megumi Inoue, Motoki Ishibashi, Hiroko Kumashiro, Yoshio Hirota, Eiji Kayano and Naoshi Ota
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:95
Published on: 28 January 2019

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 2 Feb 2019)

Research article
|   29 January 2019
The picture talk project: Aboriginal community input on consent for research
Authors: Emily FM Fitzpatrick, Gaynor Macdonald, Alexandra LC Martiniuk, June Oscar, Heather D’Antoine, Maureen Carter, Tom Lawford and Elizabeth J Elliott
Abstract
Background
The consent and community engagement process for research with Indigenous communities is rarely evaluated. Research protocols are not always collaborative, inclusive or culturally respectful. If participants do not trust or understand the research, selection bias may occur in recruitment, affecting study results potentially denying participants the opportunity to provide more knowledge and greater understanding about their community. Poorly informed consent can also harm the individual participant and the community as a whole.
Methods
Invited by local Aboriginal community leaders of the Fitzroy Valley, the Kimberley, Western Australia, The Picture Talk project explores the consent process for research. Focus groups of Aboriginal community members were conducted to establish preferences for methods of seeking individual consent. Transcripts were analysed through NVivo10 Qualitative software using grounded theory with inductive and deductive coding. Themes were synthesised with quotes highlighted.
Results
Focus groups with Aboriginal community members (n=6 focus groups of 3-7 participants) were facilitated by a Community Navigator as a cultural guide and interpreter and a researcher. Participants were recruited from all main language groups of the Fitzroy Valley – Gooniyandi, Walmajarri, Wangkatjungka, Bunuba and Nikinya. Participants were aged ≥18 years, with 5 female groups and one male group. Themes identified include: Reputation and trust is essential; The Community Navigator is key; Pictures give the words meaning – milli milli versus Pictures; Achieving consensus in circles; Signing for consent; and Research is needed in the Valley.
Conclusion
Aboriginal communities of the Fitzroy Valley recommend that researchers collaborate with local leaders, develop trust and foster a good reputation in the community prior to research. Local Aboriginal researchers should be employed to provide cultural guidance throughout the research process and interpret local languages especially for elders. Pictures are preferred to written text to explain research information and most prefer to sign for consent. The Fitzroy Valley welcomes research when collaborative and for the benefit of the community. Future research could include exploring how to support young people, promote health screening and improve understanding of medical knowledge.

BMC Research Notes
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/content
(Accessed 2 Feb 2019)

Research note
Measles case, immunization coverage and its determinant factors among 12–23 month children, in Bassona Worena Woreda, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018
The aims of this study were: (1) to calculate measles vaccination coverage and characterize its determinants, and (2) to qualitatively explore factors associated with reasons associated with not immunization a…
Authors: Ayele Mamo Abebe, Tamiru Mengistu and Abinet Dagnaw Mekuria
Citation: BMC Research Notes 2019 12:71
Published on: 1 February 2019
 

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 97, Number 2, February 2018, 73-168
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/2/en/

RESEARCH
World Trade Organization membership and changes in noncommunicable disease risk factors: a comparative interrupted time-series analysis, 1980–2013
– Krycia Cowling, Elizabeth A Stuart, Roni A Neff, Daniel Magraw, Jon Vernick & Keshia Pollack Porter
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.218057

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume 25, Number 2—February 2019
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/

Perspective
International Biological Reference Preparations for Epidemic Infectious Diseases PDF Version[PDF – 387 KB – 7 pages]

1. Rampling et al.

Abstract
Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in research and development for countermeasures for high-threat pathogens, including specific and ambitious objectives for development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The inadequate availability of biological reference materials for these pathogens poses a genuine obstacle in pursuit of these objectives, and the lack of a comprehensive and equitable framework for developing reference materials is a weakness. We outline the need for internationally standardized biological materials for high-threat pathogens as a core element of global health security. We also outline the key components of a framework for addressing this deficiency.

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 41, Issue 1  January-February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/25782363

New Challenges and Unresolved Issues
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research (E&HR) marks an exciting milestone in The Hastings Centers’ 40‐year history of publishing a journal that focuses on the ethical, regulatory, and policy issues related to research with humans. Like its predecessor, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, E&HR will publish conceptual and empirical analyses on a wide range of topics related to the human research enterprise.
The journal’s name change conveys to the global community of authors and readers that E&HR is not solely about issues related to institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States. The title shift provides an opportunity to identify new ethical, policy, and regulatory challenges that rapid developments in science, medicine, and regulatory frameworks bring to the conduct and oversight of human subjects research in the United States and elsewhere. Along with publishing work that investigates new challenges, E&HR aims not only to draw attention to unresolved issues but also to broaden the scope of issues for investigation and analysis in the field of human research ethics. The pieces in this inaugural issue identify several new challenges and hint at some of the unresolved issues and broader topics that merit further attention.

The European Journal of Public Health
SUPPLEMENT –  Volume 28, Issue suppl_5, December 2018
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/28/suppl_5
Health in Crises: Migration, Austerity and Inequalities in Greece and Europe

Health in crises. Migration, austerity and inequalities in Greece and Europe: introduction to the supplement
Terje A Eikemo; Lydia Avrami; Jennifer Cavounidis; Aliki Mouriki; Anna Gkiouleka …
European Journal of Public Health, Volume 28, Issue suppl_5, 1 December 2018, Pages 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky223
Abstract
This introduction summarizes and discusses the main findings of the supplement ‘Health in crises. Migration, austerity and inequalities in Greece and Europe’ to the European Journal of Public Health. The supplement applies data from the ESS (2014) health module in combination with the MIGHEAL study, which is a new source of data on the Greek population specially designed to examine health inequalities among and between migrants and natives. This has enabled the authors of the nine articles that constitute this supplement to address several pressing issues about the distribution of health and its determinants in Greece and other European countries. The main finding of the present supplement is the exceptionally high rates of reported depressive symptoms across the whole population residing in Greece and particularly among women. Levels of unmet need for healthcare were also found to be alarmingly high in Greece compared with other European countries, suggesting that the crisis and subsequent austerity policies may have impacted the provision of healthcare services and access to healthcare for broad sections of the population, whether native or migrant.

Global Public Health
Volume 14, 2019   Issue 3
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current
Special Symposium: Global Medical Flows Across Borders: Issues and Case Studies;
Guest Editor: Margret Frenz

Article
South-South cross-border patient travel to South Africa
Abel Chikanda & Jonathan Crush
Pages: 326-339
Published online: 13 Dec 2017

Global Public Health
Volume 14, 2019   Issue 3
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current
Special Symposium: Global Medical Flows Across Borders: Issues and Case Studies;
Guest Editor: Margret Frenz

Article
Access to essential medicines in 195 countries: A human rights approach to sustainable development

1. Katrina Perehudoff, Nikita V. Alexandrov & Hans V. Hogerzeil

Pages: 431-444
Published online: 06 Sep 2018
ABSTRACT
In 2008 the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health published 72 right to health indicators in 194 health systems. We present a follow-up report of eight indicators for access to medicines to serve as a reference point for progress towards SDG Target 3.8 on essential medicines. Data for these eight indicators in 2015 were collected and compared with the 2008 report. Between 2008 and 2015 we observed increased numbers of constitutions recognising access to medicines (7–13 countries), countries with a national medicine policy (118–122) and with a national list of essential medicines (78–107). Public spending on pharmaceuticals decreased or rose modestly in most of the 44 countries. Median availability of a basket of lowest-priced generics increased in the public (63%–70% n=9 countries) and private (84%–92% n=10) sectors. Median child immunisation rates remained constant for measles (around 90%) and improved for three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (79%–86%). These eight indicators are useful and feasible, but should be further strengthened and expanded. Future monitoring exercises should use these indicators to screen progress and guide national governments’ action to ensure universal access to essential medicines as part of the right to health.

Health Affairs
Vol. 38 , No. 1  January 2019
https://www.healthaffairs.org/toc/hlthaff/current

Substance Use, Payment & More
Commentary — Pharmaceuticals & Medical Technology
Seven Former FDA Commissioners: The FDA Should Be An Independent Federal Agency
Seven former commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from both sides of the political aisle recommend that the FDA be moved out of the Department of Health and Human Services and reconfigured as an independent federal agency. We believe …
Robert M. Califf, Margaret Hamburg, Jane E. Henney, David A. Kessler, … See all authors

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Portrait of an ISV Fellow
Ray Spier–In Memoriam
Editor’s Note: Ray Spier made tremendous contributions to the publication and dissemination of high-quality science. He founded Vaccine in 1983 as the world’s first indexed international journal for this field, which led to the posting of comprehensive vaccine data and information in one major journal for the first time. Ray’s journal blazed the trail for the founding in 2005 of Human Vaccines, now Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. He founded another journal and two societies, notably the International Society for Vaccines in 1996 as an international group that continues to disseminate vaccine data and information through conferences and other venues. In addition, his warmth, charm and attention to ethical issues contributed to his ambassadorial roles. These unique accomplishments placed Ray at the forefront of the vaccines field, and he leaves behind a rich and highly productive legacy for vaccines in the world. His family and friends should feel very proud of his accomplishments and his humanity.
Pages: 11-13
Published online: 18 Dec 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Review
Economic evaluation of adolescents and adults’ pertussis vaccination: A systematic review of current strategies
Eder Gatti Fernandes, Camila Cristina Martini Rodrigues, Ana Marli Christovam Sartori, Patrícia Coelho De Soárez & Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes
Pages: 14-27
Published online: 11 Sep 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Review
Measles vaccination in an increasingly immunized and developed world
David T. S. Hayman
Pages: 28-33
Published online: 19 Sep 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Article
Vaccination herd effect experience in Latin America: a systematic literature review
Rodrigo DeAntonio, Sylvia Amador, Eveline M. Bunge, Jennifer Eeuwijk, David Prado-Cohrs, Javier Nieto Guevara, Maria del Pilar Rubio & Eduardo Ortega-Barria
Pages: 49-71
Published online: 19 Sep 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Article
Overview of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance among mothers of infants in Quebec, Canada
Ève Dubé, Anne Farrands, Thomas Lemaitre, Nicole Boulianne, Chantal Sauvageau, François D. Boucher, Bruce Tapiero, Caroline Quach, Manale Ouakki, Virginie Gosselin, Dominique Gagnon, Philippe De Wals, Geneviève Petit, Marie-Claude Jacques & Arnaud Gagneur
Pages: 113-120
Published online: 11 Sep 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Article
Vaccine-related attitudes and decision-making among uninsured, Latin American immigrant mothers of adolescent daughters: a qualitative study
Julia E. Painter, Suyane Viana De O. Mesquita, Lauren Jimenez, Arturo A. Avila, Caroline J. Sutter & Rebecca Sutter
Pages: 121-133
Published online: 13 Sep 2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 15, Issue 1, 2019
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

Review
Disparities in HPV vaccination rates and HPV prevalence in the United States: a review of the literature
Jacqueline Hirth
Pages: 146-155
Published online: 06 Sep 2018