Monthly Archives: June 2021

Sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and clinical trials in Uganda: a cross-sectional study in western Uganda

Posted on by

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 12 Jun 2021)

 

Sociodemographic factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and clinical trials in Uganda: a cross-sectional study in western Uganda
Health experts agree that widespread use of safe and effective vaccines will rapidly contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The big question is whether these vaccines can easily be accepted by their end-users. Our stu…
Authors: Isaac Echoru, Patricia Decanar Ajambo, Emmanuel Keirania and Edmund E. M. Bukenya
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:1106
Content type: Research article
Published on: 10 June 2021

Vaccination coverage estimates and utilization patterns of inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine post vaccine introduction in Ningbo, China

Posted on by

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 12 Jun 2021)

 

Vaccination coverage estimates and utilization patterns of inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine post vaccine introduction in Ningbo, China
In China, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major etiological agents of hand foot mouth disease that poses severe risks to children’s health. Since 2015, three inactivated EV71 vaccines have been approved for use. …
Authors: Lixia Ye, Jieping Chen, Ting Fang, Rui Ma, Jianmei Wang, Xingqiang Pan, Hongjun Dong and Guozhang Xu
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:1118
Content type: Research article
Published on: 10 June 2021

Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China

Posted on by

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 12 Jun 2021)

 

Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China
There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic….
Authors: Yehong Zhou, Junjie Zhang, Wenwen Wu, Man Liang and Qiang-Song Wu
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:1103
Content type: Research
Published on: 9 June 2021

Affirming NIH’s commitment to addressing structural racism in the biomedical research enterprise

Posted on by

Cell
Jun 10, 2021 Volume 184 Issue 12 p3075-3348
https://www.cell.com/cell/current

 

Commentary
Affirming NIH’s commitment to addressing structural racism in the biomedical research enterprise
Francis S. Collins, et al. NIH UNITE
Open Access
NIH has acknowledged and committed to ending structural racism. The framework for NIH’s approach, summarized here, includes understanding barriers; developing robust health disparities/equity research; improving its internal culture; being transparent and accountable; and changing the extramural ecosystem so that diversity, equity, and inclusion are reflected in funded research and the biomedical workforce.

Tackling COVID-19 with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies

Posted on by

Cell
Jun 10, 2021 Volume 184 Issue 12 p3075-3348
https://www.cell.com/cell/current

 

Review
Tackling COVID-19 with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Davide Corti, Lisa A. Purcell, Gyorgy Snell, David Veesler
Intense efforts have been made to develop or identify drugs to treat people with COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies are one of the few types of drugs that have shown efficacy in the clinic.

The COVID-19 pandemic: agile versus blundering communication during a worldwide crisis: Important lessons for efficient communication to maintain public trust and ensure public safety

Posted on by

EMBO Reports
Volume 22 Issue 6 4 June 2021
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

 

Science & Society 25 May 2021 Open Access
The COVID-19 pandemic: agile versus blundering communication during a worldwide crisis: Important lessons for efficient communication to maintain public trust and ensure public safety
Gaby-Fleur Böl
Governments’ measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic and public reaction hold important lessons for science and risk communication in times of crisis.

Building resource constraints and feasibility considerations in mathematical models for infectious disease: A systematic literature review

Posted on by

Epidemics
Volume 35 June 2021
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/epidemics/vol/35/suppl/C

 

Research article Open access
Building resource constraints and feasibility considerations in mathematical models for infectious disease: A systematic literature review
Fiammetta M. Bozzani, Anna Vassall, Gabriela B. Gomez
Article 100450

Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil

Posted on by

Epidemics
Volume 35 June 2021
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/epidemics/vol/35/suppl/C

 

Research article Open access
Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil
Daniel C.P. Jorge, Moreno S. Rodrigues, Mateus S. Silva, Luciana L. Cardim, … Juliane F. Oliveira
Article 100465

The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses

Posted on by

Gates Open Research
https://gatesopenresearch.org/browse/articles
[Accessed 12 Jun 2021]

 

Research Article metrics AWAITING PEER REVIEW
The impact of surveillance and other factors on detection of emergent and circulating vaccine derived polioviruses [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Megan Auzenbergs, Holly Fountain, Grace Macklin, Hil Lyons, Kathleen M O’Reilly
Peer Reviewers Invited
Funder: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
PUBLISHED 11 Jun 2021

Appraising and addressing design and implementation failure in global health: A pragmatic framework

Posted on by

Global Public Health
Volume 16, Issue 7 (2021)
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current

 

Article commentary
Appraising and addressing design and implementation failure in global health: A pragmatic framework
Ejemai Amaize Eboreime, John Olajide Olawepo, Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde & Seye Abimbola
Pages: 1122-1130
Published online: 08 Sep 2020

The constitutional economics of the World Health Organization

Posted on by

Health Economics, Policy and Law 
Volume 16 – Issue 3 – July 2021
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/health-economics-policy-and-law/latest-issue

 

Article
The constitutional economics of the World Health Organization
Eric C. Ip
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 August 2020, pp. 325-339
This paper brings a constitutional economics perspective to bear on the World Health Organization (WHO), the flagship United Nations intergovernmental health organisation, which is obligated by its Constitution to achieve ‘the highest possible level of health’ for the world’s peoples…

The effects of polio eradication efforts on health systems: a cross-country analysis using the Develop–Distort Dilemma

Posted on by

Health Policy and Planning
Volume 36, Issue 5, June 2021
https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/36/5

 

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
The effects of polio eradication efforts on health systems: a cross-country analysis using the Develop–Distort Dilemma
Daniela C Rodriguez, Abigail H Neel, Yodi Mahendradhata, Wakgari Deressa, Eme Owoaje …
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 36, Issue 5, June 2021, Pages 707–719, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab044

Localisation and local humanitarian action

Posted on by

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 79, May 2021
https://odihpn.org/magazine/inclusion-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-humanitarian-action-what-now/

 

Localisation and local humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange is localisation+ and local humanitarian action. Five years ago this week, donors, United Nations (UN) agencies,  non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) committed within the Grand Bargain to increase multi-year investments in the institutional capacities of local and national responders, and to provide at least 25% of humanitarian funding to them as directly as possible. Since then, there is increasing consensus at policy and normative level, underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic, that local leadership should be supported.  Localisation has gone from a fringe conversation among policy-makers and aid agencies in 2016 to a formal priority under the Grand Bargain. Wider global movements on anti-racism and decolonisation have also brought new momentum to critical reflections on where power, knowledge and capacity reside in the humanitarian system. Yet progress has been slow and major gaps remain between the rhetoric around humanitarian partnerships, funding and coordination and practices on the ground.

Association of Maternal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy With Early Childhood Health Outcomes

Posted on by

JAMA
June 8, 2021, Vol 325, No. 22, Pages 2235-2322
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Original Investigation
Association of Maternal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy With Early Childhood Health Outcomes
Azar Mehrabadi, PhD; Linda Dodds, PhD; Noni E. MacDonald, MD, MS; et al.
JAMA. 2021;325(22):2285-2293. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6778
This population-based cohort study uses a birth registry linked with health administrative data to assess the association between maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and early childhood health outcomes in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Overview of the Issue

Posted on by

Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved (JHCPU)
Volume 32, Number 2, May 2021 Supplement
https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/44396

 

Table of Contents
Overview of the Issue
Kevin B. Johnson, Tiffani J. Bright, Cheryl R. Clark
…The importance of techquity—defined as the strategic development and deployment of technology in health care and health to advance health equity—was even more apparent after the events of 2020. COVID-19 upended access to care and illuminated the impact of structural racism as a cause for a widening gap of access during the pandemic. Black Lives Matter became more than a trending hashtag on Twitter, or a movement resulting in peaceful protests and calls for policy reform: it put additional focus on the issue of race as a social and not a biological construct and called into question the rationale for common practices in health care that were triggered by race. A notable example was the emerging realization that kidney function assessment was tied to race and hardwired into many of our electronic health records. The real-world evidence around our lack of techquity was incontrovertible.
This Supplemental Issue of JHCPU provides articles that describe challenges to techquity, frameworks to improve the role of technology in care, and examples of how technology can transform health, public health, and health care…

WHO guidance on ethics in outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic: a critical appraisal

Posted on by

Journal of Medical Ethics
June 2021 – Volume 47 – 6
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

 

COVID-19 current controversies
WHO guidance on ethics in outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic: a critical appraisal (31 March, 2021) Free
Abha Saxena, Paul André Bouvier, Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki, Johannes Köhler, Lisa J Schwartz
Abstract
In 2016, following pandemic influenza threats and the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreaks, the WHO developed a guidance document for managing ethical issues in infectious disease outbreaks. In this article, we analyse some ethical issues that have had a predominant role in decision making in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic but were absent or not addressed in the same ways in the 2016 guidance document. A pandemic results in a health crisis and social and political crises both nationally and globally. The ethical implications of these global effects should be properly identified so that appropriate actions can be taken globally and not just in national isolation. Our analysis, which is a starting point to test the broader relevance of the 2016 WHO document that remains the only available guidance document applicable globally, concludes that the WHO guidance should be updated to provide reasoned and thoughtful comprehensive ethics advice for the sound management of the current and future pandemics.

A cross-sectional survey on community pharmacists readiness to fight COVID-19 in a developing country: knowledge, attitude, and practice in Lebanon

Posted on by

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/
[Accessed 12 Jun 2021]

 

A cross-sectional survey on community pharmacists readiness to fight COVID-19 in a developing country: knowledge, attitude, and practice in Lebanon
Authors: Rony M. Zeenny, Ahmad Dimassi, Hala Sacre, Ghada El Khoury, Aline Hajj, Rita Farah, Hind Hajj, Nathalie Lahoud, Marwan Akel, Souheil Hallit and Pascale Salameh
Content type: Research
11 June 2021

Prevalence and predictors of vaccine hesitancy among expectant mothers in Enugu metropolis, South-east Nigeria

Posted on by

Journal of Public Health Policy
Volume 42, issue 2, June 2021
https://link.springer.com/journal/41271/volumes-and-issues/42-2

 

Prevalence and predictors of vaccine hesitancy among expectant mothers in Enugu metropolis, South-east Nigeria
Authors: Daniel C. Ogbuabor, Ada C. Chime
Content type: Original Article
Published: 10 February 2021
Pages: 222 – 235

Vaccine Hesitancy and Differential Susceptibility to Media Coverage: A Critical Documentary Led to Substantial Reductions in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Denmark

Posted on by

Medical Decision Making (MDM)
Volume 41 Issue 5, July 2021
http://mdm.sagepub.com/content/current

 

Original Research Articles
Vaccine Hesitancy and Differential Susceptibility to Media Coverage: A Critical Documentary Led to Substantial Reductions in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Denmark
Maria Knoth Humlum, Niels Skipper, Peter Rønø Thingholm
First Published April 24, 2021; pp. 550–558

Swarm Learning for decentralized and confidential clinical machine learning

Posted on by

Nature
Volume 594 Issue 7862, 10 June 2021
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/594/issues/7862

 

Article Open Access Published: 26 May 2021
Swarm Learning for decentralized and confidential clinical machine learning
Stefanie Warnat-Herresthal, Hartmut Schultze, […]Joachim L. Schultze
Nature volume 594, pages 265–270 (2021)
Abstract
Fast and reliable detection of patients with severe and heterogeneous illnesses is a major goal of precision medicine1,2. Patients with leukaemia can be identified using machine learning on the basis of their blood transcriptomes3. However, there is an increasing divide between what is technically possible and what is allowed, because of privacy legislation4,5. Here, to facilitate the integration of any medical data from any data owner worldwide without violating privacy laws, we introduce Swarm Learning—a decentralized machine-learning approach that unites edge computing, blockchain-based peer-to-peer networking and coordination while maintaining confidentiality without the need for a central coordinator, thereby going beyond federated learning. To illustrate the feasibility of using Swarm Learning to develop disease classifiers using distributed data, we chose four use cases of heterogeneous diseases (COVID-19, tuberculosis, leukaemia and lung pathologies). With more than 16,400 blood transcriptomes derived from 127 clinical studies with non-uniform distributions of cases and controls and substantial study biases, as well as more than 95,000 chest X-ray images, we show that Swarm Learning classifiers outperform those developed at individual sites. In addition, Swarm Learning completely fulfils local confidentiality regulations by design. We believe that this approach will notably accelerate the introduction of precision medicine.

Comprehensive analysis of 2.4 million patent-to-research citations maps the biomedical innovation and translation landscape

Posted on by

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 39 Issue 6, June 2021
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/39/issues/6

 

Patents | 10 June 2021
Comprehensive analysis of 2.4 million patent-to-research citations maps the biomedical innovation and translation landscape
A citation map connecting patents to biomedical publications provides insights that can be used to better evaluate productivity, diversity and translational impact.
Anoop Manjunath
Hongyu Li, Ishan Kumar

Ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030: Time to reset targets for 2025

Posted on by

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 12 Jun 2021)

 

Ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030: Time to reset targets for 2025
Paul R. De Lay, Adèle Benzaken, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Sani Aliyu, Carolyn Amole, George Ayala, Kalipso Chalkidou, Judy Chang, Michaela Clayton, Aleny Couto, Carl Dieffenbach, Mark Dybul, Wafaa El Sadr, Marelize Gorgens, Daniel Low-Beer, Smail Mesbah, Jorge Saveedra, Petchsri Sirinirund, John Stover, Omar Syarif, Aditia Taslim, Safiatou Thiam, Lucy Wanjiku Njenga, Peter D. Ghys, Jose Antonio Izazola-Licea, Luisa Frescura, Erik Lamontagne, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Christopher Fontaine, Iris Semini, Shannon Hader
Perspective | published 08 Jun 2021 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003649

Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): An umbrella review

Posted on by

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 12 Jun 2021]

 

Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): An umbrella review
Elodie Besnier, Katie Thomson, Donata Stonkute, Talal Mohammad, Nasima Akhter, Adam Todd, Magnus Rom Jensen, Astrid Kilvik, Clare Bambra
Research Article | published 10 Jun 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251905

Core Concept: Herd immunity is an important—and often misunderstood—public health phenomenon

Posted on by

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
May 25, 2021; vol. 118 no. 21
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/21

 

Core Concepts
A brief introduction to emerging topics in science
Core Concept: Herd immunity is an important—and often misunderstood—public health phenomenon
Amy McDermott
PNAS May 25, 2021 118 (21) e2107692118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107692118

Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innate immunity to control COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics

Posted on by

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
May 25, 2021; vol. 118 no. 21
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/21

 

Perspectives
Old vaccines for new infections: Exploiting innate immunity to control COVID-19 and prevent future pandemics
Konstantin Chumakov, Michael S. Avidan, Christine S. Benn, Stefano M. Bertozzi, Lawrence Blatt, Angela Y. Chang, Dean T. Jamison, Shabaana A. Khader, Shyam Kottilil, Mihai G. Netea, Annie Sparrow, and Robert C. Gallo
PNAS May 25, 2021 118 (21) e2101718118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101718118

‘Landmark’ African vaccine trial faces impasse

Posted on by

Science
11 June 2021 Vol 372, Issue 6547
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

In Depth
‘Landmark’ African vaccine trial faces impasse
By Jon Cohen
Science11 Jun 2021 : 1135-1136 Full Access
The questions are urgent, and the funding is in place. But a highly anticipated, $130 million clinical trial, meant to test the efficacy of the novel messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19 against a key variant of the pandemic coronavirus as well as in people living with HIV and pregnant women, is stalled. It is ready to launch in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa, yet neither maker of the vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna, wants to participate—or even provide their vaccines.
A group of prominent HIV advocates and activists in South Africa has written a letter complaining about the delay to U.S. government officials, including Anthony Fauci, director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which agreed to pay for the study. They stress that COVID-19 strikes people living with HIV especially hard, and that dangerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 evolve in them because many have weakened immune systems. “We believe this will be a landmark study for this region and … the world,” they wrote. “We respectfully ask that you do all in your power to enable this study to take place.”..

Continuous health monitoring: An opportunity for precision health

Posted on by

Science Translational Medicine
09 June 2021 Vol 13, Issue 597
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

 

Viewpoint
Continuous health monitoring: An opportunity for precision health
By Sanjiv S. Gambhir, T. Jessie Ge, Ophir Vermesh, Ryan Spitler, Garry E. Gold
Science Translational Medicine09 Jun 2021 Restricted Access
Abstract
Continuous health monitoring and integrated diagnostic devices, worn on the body and used in the home, will help to identify and prevent early manifestations of disease. However, challenges lie ahead in validating new health monitoring technologies and in optimizing data analytics to extract actionable conclusions from continuously obtained health data.

Plasmodium falciparum Pf77 and male development gene 1 as vaccine antigens that induce potent transmission-reducing antibodies

Posted on by

Science Translational Medicine
09 June 2021 Vol 13, Issue 597
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

 

Research Articles
Plasmodium falciparum Pf77 and male development gene 1 as vaccine antigens that induce potent transmission-reducing antibodies
By Abhai K. Tripathi, Miranda S. Oakley, Nitin Verma, Godfree Mlambo, Hong Zheng, Scott M. Meredith, Edward Essuman, Ankit Puri, Richard A. Skelton, Kazuyo Takeda, Victoria Majam, Isabella A. Quakyi, Emily Locke, Merribeth Morin, Kazutoyo Miura, Carole A. Long, Sanjai Kumar
Science Translational Medicine09 Jun 2021 Restricted Access
Two Plasmodium falciparum vaccine candidates, Pf77 and PfMDV-1, have multistage expression and induce antibodies that reduce parasite transmission.

Using existing systematic reviews for developing vaccination recommendations: Results of an international expert workshop

Posted on by

Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 23 Pages 3103-3224 (27 May 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/23

 

Conference info Abstract only
Using existing systematic reviews for developing vaccination recommendations: Results of an international expert workshop
Catherine L. Jo, Helen Burchett, Magdalena Bastías, Pauline Campbell, … Thomas Harder
Pages 3103-3110

Implementation of the World Health Organization recommendation on the use of rotavirus vaccine without age restriction by African countries

Posted on by

Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 23 Pages 3103-3224 (27 May 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/23

 

Short communication Abstract only
Implementation of the World Health Organization recommendation on the use of rotavirus vaccine without age restriction by African countries
Inácio Mandomando, Mutale Mumba, Joseph Nsiari-muzeyi Biey, Gilson Kipese Paluku, … Jason M. Mwenda
Pages 3111-3119

Pertussis vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Posted on by

Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 23 Pages 3103-3224 (27 May 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/23

 

Review article Abstract only
Pertussis vaccine effectiveness and duration of protection – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Krista Wilkinson, Christiaan H. Righolt, Lawrence J. Elliott, Sergio Fanella, Salaheddin M. Mahmud
Pages 3120-3130

Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic

Posted on by

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines

 

(Accessed 12 Jun 2021)
Open Access Article
Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Pérez-Rivas Francisco Javier, Del Gallego-Lastra Ramón, Esteban-Garcimartín Ana, Marques-Vieira Cristina Maria Alves and Ajejas Bazán María Julia
Vaccines 2021, 9(6), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060644 (registering DOI) – 12 Jun 2021
Abstract
Health science students are tomorrow’s health professionals, the duties of whom could include vaccination. This work examines the general attitude towards vaccination in students attending the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Chiropody at a university in Madrid, Spain, using the ‘Attitudes and Behaviour [..

Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic

Posted on by

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines

 

Open Access Article
Attitude towards Vaccination among Health Science Students before the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Pérez-Rivas Francisco Javier, Del Gallego-Lastra Ramón, Esteban-Garcimartín Ana, Marques-Vieira Cristina Maria Alves and Ajejas Bazán María Julia
Vaccines 2021, 9(6), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060644 (registering DOI) – 12 Jun 2021
Abstract
Health science students are tomorrow’s health professionals, the duties of whom could include vaccination. This work examines the general attitude towards vaccination in students attending the Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Chiropody at a university in Madrid, Spain, using the ‘Attitudes and Behaviour [..