Category Archives: Uncategorized

China CDC  :: National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China

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China CDC 
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhfpc.gov.cn/
Selected Updates/Press Releases

Premier Li urges price reduction on cancer drugs
2018-10-26
The government will make efforts to reduce the cost of anti-cancer drugs, and ease the suffering of patients and their finance burdens, said Premier Li Keqiang on Oct 24.

Draft law takes aim at fake drugs
2018-10-23
People who produce and sell medicines illegally in China could face heavier penalties under a draft amendment to intensify supervision to protect public health.

Announcements

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Announcements
 
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 27 Oct 2018]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.
 
 
FDA [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
October 23, 2018
FDA launches global operation to crack down on websites selling illegal, potentially dangerous drugs; including opioids

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in partnership with international regulatory and law enforcement agencies, acted this week to target 465 websites that illegally sell potentially dangerous, unapproved versions of opioid, oncology and antiviral prescription drugs to U.S. consumers.

This effort was part of Operation Pangea XI, the eleventh annual International Internet Week of Action (IIWA). This is a global cooperative effort, led by Interpol, to combat the unlawful sale and distribution of illegal and potentially counterfeit medical products sold on the internet…
 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
Case Management working group / Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)
November 5 – 6, 2018 – Les Pensieres Center for Global Health, Veyrier-du-Lac (France)
 
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
Dengue pre-vaccination screening based on serostatus: rapid tests and implementation strategies
January 14 – 16, 2019 – Les Pensières Center for Global Helath, Veyrier du Lac (France)
 
 
Gavi [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.gavi.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
GHIT Fund   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Global Fund [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
News
Gavi and Global Fund Commit to Addressing Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Harassment
19 October 2018
 
 
Hilleman Laboratories   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Event
Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine: Lessons from the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 to Now
November 15-16, 2018 I Nashville, TN
The Human Vaccines Project is hosting a scientific summit featuring prominent researchers and thought leaders to discuss cutting-edge influenza research. The 2-day meeting will bring together leading scientists, clinicians and public health specialists including: John Barry, James E. Crowe, Jr., Senator Bill Frist, and Laurie Garrett.  Find a full agenda at:
www.humanvaccinesproject.org/talks/universalinfluenzavaccinesummit
 
 
IAVI  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.iavi.org/
October 22, 2018
Antibody-based HIV Prevention: Preparing for Success
New partnership aims to make antibody prophylaxis for HIV more feasible and affordable.
By Mark Feinberg, M.D., Ph.D., President and CEO of IAVI
Among the topics being discussed at the biannual HIV Research for Prevention (R4P) conference now taking place in Madrid, antibodies are at the forefront. Researchers are discussing innovative approaches to induce protective antibodies against HIV by vaccination, as well as the potential for these antibodies to be used directly to prevent HIV infection.
Since 2009, when IAVI scientists and their partners were among the first to identify a new class of HIV-specific antibodies, hundreds of potent antibodies with the ability to neutralize a broad swath of HIV variants have been identified. These so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are now reinvigorating efforts to design vaccine immunogens. IAVI and its partners recently advanced one of these immunogens into clinical trials. This candidate was engineered using the latest tools of computational and structural biology by researchers at the IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center at Scripps Research in La Jolla, California….
 
October 22, 2018
IAVI and Serum Institute of India to Develop and Manufacture Globally Affordable and Accessible Antibody Products for HIV
NEW YORK – October 22, 2018 – The International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and Serum Institute of India, the world’s largest vaccine manufacturer, today announced a strategic partnership to develop and manufacture affordable and accessible monoclonal antibody products for HIV and other global health challenges….
 
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVAC  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVI   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.ivi.int/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
JEE Alliance  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
25.10.2018
The Alliance meets to discuss One Health, upcoming work and governance – and invites partners to join the network
Meeting, Advisory Group
Sustainable health security capacity building requires country ownership and a One Health and all hazards approach. The multi-partner Joint External Evaluation (JEE) supports collaboration across sectors such as animal and human health, agriculture, defense, development, environment, food safety, public safety, as well as tourism and trade.
On 5 November 2018, the JEE Alliance will meet in Bali, in the margins of the 5th Global Health Security Agenda Ministerial Meeting hosted by the Government of Indonesia.
The focus of the event will be twofold
:: A panel discussion on facilitating integration of One Health approach in national health security capacity building
:: Discussion on the Alliance work plan and the new Advisory Group for 2019…
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.msf.org/
Tuberculosis
High prices restrict access to best drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment
Press Release   23 October 2018
MSF calls on US pharma corporation Johnson & Johnson to halve the price of the newer TB drug bedaquiline.
 
 
NIH  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
October 23, 2018
NIH selects first scholars in pioneering program to enhance diversity within in-house research program
— Distinguished Scholars Program to augment diversity and inclusion in the biomedical workforce.

October 23, 2018
Amazon Web Services joins NIH’s STRIDES Initiative to harness latest cloud technologies for biomedical researchers
AWS is the second cloud service provider to join the STRIDES Initiative following Google Cloud.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) has joined the National Institutes of Health’s Science and Technology Research Infrastructure for Discovery, Experimentation, and Sustainability (STRIDES) Initiative. Launched in July 2018, the STRIDES Initiative aims to harness the power of commercial cloud computing for NIH biomedical researchers. Initially, NIH’s efforts will focus on making high-value data sets more accessible to researchers and experimenting with new ways to optimize technology-intensive research…
 
 
PATH  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNAIDS [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.unaids.org/en
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNICEF  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Press release
An estimated 2,300 children traveling with migrant caravan in Mexico need protection and essential services – UNICEF
26/10/2018

Press release
Sulawesi Earthquake & Tsunami: One month on from the disaster, thousands of children still homeless, out-of-school and in need of humanitarian support
26/10/2018

Press release
UNICEF Airlifts 4.7 Million Doses of Measles, Rubella and Polio Vaccines for Children in Libya
25/10/2018

Press release
New global commitment to primary health care for all at Astana conference
Declaration of Astana charts course to achieve universal health coverage, 40 years since declaration on primary health care in Alma-Ata
24/10/2018

Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Vaccine Confidence Project – Confidence Commentary
NEW REPORT: The State of Vaccine Confidence in the EU: 2018
Heidi Larson | 26 Oct, 2018
High confidence in vaccination programmes is crucial for maintaining high coverage rates, especially at levels that exceed those required for herd immunity. Across the European Union (EU), however, vaccine delays and refusals are contributing to declining immunisation rates in a number of countries and are leading to increases in disease outbreaks. Recent measles outbreaks – the highest in the EU for seven years – illustrate the immediate impact of declining coverage on disease outbreaks.
In this report  we assess the overall state of confidence in vaccines among the public in all 28 EU member states and among general practitioners (GP) in ten EU member states…
[See Milestones/Perspectives above for detail]
 
 
Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
Vaccine Update for Providers
Newsletter – October 2018
 
 
Wellcome Trust  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
News / Published: 24 October 2018
Naguib Kheraj to join our Board of Governors
Finance industry leader Naguib Kheraj will join the Wellcome Board of Governors in January 2019.
Naguib Kheraj is Deputy Chairman of Standard Chartered PLC – a major international bank – and Chairman of Rothesay Life, a specialist UK insurer. He is also a current member of Wellcome’s Investment Committee, which is responsible for reviewing and advising on Wellcome’s investment portfolio and strategy…
 
 
The Wistar Institute   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2018/
No new digest content identified.

::::::
 
BIO    [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.

 
 
DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
29 October 2018 to 31 October 2018
19th DCVMN Annual General Meeting
Kunming / China

WHO prequalifies new rotavirus vaccine
Geneva, 25th September 2018 – The World Health Organization prequalified Rotasil, an oral rotavirus vaccine produced by Serum Institute of India. Rotasil is the first Rotavirus vaccine with heat stable characteristics, which makes it particularly suitable for use in low-income countries, where weak infrastructure and frequent lack of electricity make refrigeration very difficult.
Rotavirus is responsible for about 37% of deaths from diarrhea among children younger than 5 years of age worldwide, with a disproportionate effect in parts of Africa and Asia. Because the condition is so widespread and serious, rotavirus vaccines should be included in all national immunization programmes and considered a priority, particularly in countries with high associated death rates, such as in south and south-eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

The addition of Rotasil to the WHO list of Prequalified vaccines will help to expand the global supply of rotavirus vaccines, increasing countries’ options to address the disease. It is also possible that it will reduce the price of available quality-assured vaccines through greater competition.

More info at http://www.who.int/medicines/news/2018/prequalified_new-rotavirus_vaccine/en/

 
 
IFPMA   [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PhRMA    [to 27 Oct 2018 ]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Industry Watch
:: Johnson & Johnson Announces Promising, Early-Stage Results for Tetravalent Mosaic-based HIV Preventive Vaccine Regimen
– TRAVERSE data add to body of clinical evidence supporting further study of Janssen’s investigational mosaic-based vaccine regimen –
MADRID, SPAIN, 22 October 2018 – Johnson & Johnson today announced the primary analysis of immune response data for a tetravalent mosaic-based preventive vaccine against HIV-1 infection in development at the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. In the early-stage, Phase 1/2a TRAVERSE study among HIV-negative volunteers, a vaccine regimen including a tetravalent (4-valent) mosaic viral vector was compared to a regimen containing a trivalent (3-valent) mosaic vector. At 28 weeks, the tetravalent mosaic-based vaccine was well tolerated and significantly enhanced the breadth of immune responses to different HIV-1 strains compared to the trivalent version. These Phase 1/2a data will be shared this week at the 2018 HIV Research for Prevention Conference (HIVR4P) in Madrid, Spain. The tetravalent vaccine is now in large-scale efficacy testing.

“We urgently need new prevention tools to turn the tide of the HIV pandemic, and an effective preventive vaccine would be a vital asset to help us achieve an HIV-free future,” said Hanneke Schuitemaker, Ph.D., Vice President, Head Viral Vaccine Discovery and Translational Medicine, Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. “Our goal is to develop a universal vaccine that could be deployed against any strain of HIV circulating in the world.”

Developing an effective vaccine against HIV has proven challenging due in part to the significant global genetic diversity of the virus. Janssen’s investigational vaccine regimen contains mosaic immunogens (molecules capable of inducing an immune response) that have been created using genes from a wide variety of HIV-1 subtypes. Both the trivalent and tetravalent versions of the mosaic-based vaccine contain viral vectors that deliver immunogens designed to elicit immune responses against the three main proteins of HIV (Env, Pol and Gag). But the tetravalent formulation adds a fourth immunogen, which is Env-focused and designed to enhance the breadth of immune responses against HIV-1 subtypes.

These new TRAVERSE results build on encouraging safety and immune response results for the mosaic-based vaccine from the Phase 1/2a APPROACH study that were shared at the 22nd International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2018). Early findings from TRAVERSE and APPROACH were critical in enabling the first large-scale efficacy study for a mosaic-based vaccine regimen, HVTN 705/HPX2008 (also known as ‘Imbokodo’), to commence in November 2017. This Phase 2b study is assessing a regimen based on the tetravalent vaccine that was first clinically evaluated in the TRAVERSE study. It aims to enroll 2,600 women aged 18-35 in five sub-Saharan African countries to determine whether the vaccine is safe and efficacious in reducing HIV-1 infection in this population.

Results from HVTN 705/HPX2008 are expected in 2021. Additional large-scale studies will be needed to support licensure of the mosaic-based vaccine regimen against HIV-1.

Reports/Research/Analysis/Commentary/Conferences/Meetings/Book Watch/Tenders

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Reports/Research/Analysis/Commentary/Conferences/Meetings/Book Watch/Tenders

Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review has expanded its coverage of new reports, books, research and analysis published independent of the journal channel covered in Journal Watch below. Our interests span immunization and vaccines, as well as global public health, health governance, and associated themes. If you would like to suggest content to be included in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

 

No new digest content identified.

Journal Watch

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Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Not—Introduction to the Special Section

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American Journal of Public Health
November 2018  108(11)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

INFLUENZA PANDEMICS, 1918–2018
The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Not—Introduction to the Special Section
Global Health, History, Immunization/Vaccines, Infections, Prevention, Other Infections, Community Health
Wendy E. Parmet and Mark A. Rothstein
108(11), pp. 1435–1436

Better Prepare Than React: Reordering Public Health Priorities 100 Years After the Spanish Flu Epidemic

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American Journal of Public Health
November 2018  108(11)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

PREPAREDNESS
Better Prepare Than React: Reordering Public Health Priorities 100 Years After the Spanish Flu Epidemic
Health Law, Public Health Practice, Epidemiology, Health Policy
Michael Greenberger
108(11), pp. 1465–1468

100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness

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American Journal of Public Health
November 2018  108(11)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES
100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
History, Prevention, Public Health Practice
Barbara J. Jester, Timothy M. Uyeki, Anita Patel, Lisa Koonin and Daniel B. Jernigan
108(11), pp. 1469–1472

 

100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness

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American Journal of Public Health
November 2018  108(11)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

MEDICAL COUNTERMEASURES
100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
History, Prevention, Public Health Practice
Barbara J. Jester, Timothy M. Uyeki, Anita Patel, Lisa Koonin and Daniel B. Jernigan
108(11), pp. 1469–1472

 

Researcher Requests for Inappropriate Analysis and Reporting: A U.S. Survey of Consulting Biostatisticians

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Annals of Internal Medicine
16 October 2018 Vol: 169, Issue 8
http://annals.org/aim/issue

Research and Reporting Methods
Researcher Requests for Inappropriate Analysis and Reporting: A U.S. Survey of Consulting Biostatisticians
Min Qi Wang, PhD; Alice F. Yan, MD, PhD; Ralph V. Katz, DMD, MPH, PhD
Conclusion:
This survey suggests that researchers frequently make inappropriate requests of their biostatistical consultants regarding the analysis and reporting of their data. Understanding the reasons for these requests and how they are handled requires further study.

Inappropriate Statistical Analysis and Reporting in Medical Research: Perverse Incentives and Institutional Solutions

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Annals of Internal Medicine
16 October 2018 Vol: 169, Issue 8
http://annals.org/aim/issue

Editorials
Inappropriate Statistical Analysis and Reporting in Medical Research: Perverse Incentives and Institutional Solutions
Russell Localio, PhD; Catharine B. Stack, PhD; Anne R. Meibohm, PhD; Eric A. Ross, PhD; Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH; John B. Wong, MD; John E. Cornell, PhD; Michael E. Griswold, PhD; Steven N. Goodman, MD, MHS, PhD

A Beginning to Principles of Ethical and Regulatory Oversight of Patient-Centered Research

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Annals of Internal Medicine
16 October 2018 Vol: 169, Issue 8
http://annals.org/aim/issue

A Beginning to Principles of Ethical and Regulatory Oversight of Patient-Centered Research
Special Article
Robert M. Califf, MD
This issue of Annals includes recommendations on ethical and regulatory issues related to the involvement of patients in the research process (1). The recommendations, which were produced by a panel funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), are organized into 3 categories: a description of roles for patients and oversight of those roles, oversight of the inclusion of emerging technologies in research protocols, and identification and engagement of patients in research. The panel used a Delphi process, beginning with extensive surveys of and interviews with relevant members of the research community. Based on these exchanges, draft recommendations were produced, after which a series of Delphi exercises included a group of patients, researchers, and regulators to achieve consensus on the final recommendations. The panel did not address traditional roles of patients in research in the context of patient-centeredness, citing extensive discussions stemming from challenges made to the SUPPORT trial (Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial) (2, 3)

 

Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires an ethically consistent health strategy

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BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 27 Oct 2018 )

Debate
|   24 October 2018
Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires an ethically consistent health strategy
Vaccine hesitancy is a growing threat to public health. The reasons are complex but linked inextricably to a lack of trust in vaccines, expertise and traditional sources of authority. Efforts to increase immunization uptake in children in many countries that have seen a fall in vaccination rates are two-fold: addressing hesitancy by improving healthcare professional-parent exchange and information provision in the clinic; and, secondly, public health strategies that can override parental concerns and values with coercive measures such as mandatory and presumptive vaccination.
Authors: Laura Williamson and Hannah Glaab

Antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccination in Western Australia: a cross-sectional survey of vaccine uptake and influencing factors

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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpregnancychildbirth/content
(Accessed 27 Oct 2018 )

Research article
Antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccination in Western Australia: a cross-sectional survey of vaccine uptake and influencing factors
Influenza and pertussis vaccines have been recommended in Australia for women during each pregnancy since 2010 and 2015, respectively. Estimating vaccination coverage and identifying factors affecting uptake a…
Authors: Donna B. Mak, Annette K. Regan, Dieu T. Vo and Paul V. Effler
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2018 18:416
Published on: 24 October 2018

Moderating the impact of patent linkage on access to medicines: lessons from variations in South Korea, Australia, Canada, and the United States

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Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 27 Oct 2018 ]

Research
|   24 October 2018
Moderating the impact of patent linkage on access to medicines: lessons from variations in South Korea, Australia, Canada, and the United States
The inclusion of patent linkage mechanisms in bilateral and plurilateral trade and investment agreements has emerged as a key element in the United States’ TRIPS-Plus intellectual property (IP) negotiating agenda. However, the provisions establishing patent linkage mechanisms in several agreements appear to reflect a degree of ambiguity, potentially enabling some flexibility in their implementation. In this study, we reviewed the features of the prototypic patent linkage mechanism established by the Hatch-Waxman Act in the United States, and compared these with the implementation of systems in three countries whose agreements with the US include patent linkage obligations. From these analyses, we draw lessons for moderating the impact of these mechanisms on access to generic medicines.

Authors: Kyung-Bok Son, Ruth Lopert, Deborah Gleeson and Tae-Jin Lee

Reducing incidence of cervical cancer: knowledge and attitudes of caregivers in Nigerian city to human papilloma virus vaccination

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Infectious Agents and Cancer
http://www.infectagentscancer.com/content
[Accessed 27 Oct 2018 ]

Research Article
|   17 August 2018
Reducing incidence of cervical cancer: knowledge and attitudes of caregivers in Nigerian city to human papilloma virus vaccination
Authors: Adaobi I. Bisi-Onyemaechi, Ugo N. Chikani and Obinna Nduagubam

 

African swine fever: an unprecedented disaster and challenge to China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 27 Oct 2018 ]

Commentary
|   26 October 2018
African swine fever: an unprecedented disaster and challenge to China
African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus, is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health. On August 3, 2018, China reported the first outbreak of ASF in Shenyang, a northeastern city of China. As of October 8, a total of 33 ASF outbreaks were reported in eight provinces in China, the biggest pork producer and consumer in the world.
Authors: Tao Wang, Yuan Sun and Hua-Ji Qiu

Paper: Fair, just and compassionate: A pilot for making allocation decisions for patients requesting experimental drugs outside of clinical trials

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Journal of Medical Ethics
November 2018 – Volume 44 – 11
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Research ethics
Paper: Fair, just and compassionate: A pilot for making allocation decisions for patients requesting experimental drugs outside of clinical trials
(25 October, 2018) Free
Arthur L Caplan, J Russell Teagarden, Lisa Kearns, Alison S Bateman-House, Edith Mitchell, Thalia Arawi, Ross Upshur, Ilina Singh, Joanna Rozynska, Valerie Cwik, Sharon L Gardner

Doctors and scientists must defend a free press

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The Lancet
Oct 27, 2018 Volume 392 Number 10157 p1487-1598
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Editorial
Doctors and scientists must defend a free press
The Lancet
Nov 2 marks the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists. UNESCO has recorded 1010 killings of journalists in the past 12 years. In 90% of cases, the killers went unpunished. The work of journalists worldwide offers a vital platform to discuss and debate the health and wellbeing of populations whose plight might otherwise never come to international attention.
Death is not the only way journalists are silenced—they are regularly intimidated and detained as well. Already this year, The Lancet has condemned Shahidul Alam’s detention for highlighting the Government of Bangaldesh’s failure to ensure road safety for its citizens. 2018 has also seen Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo of Reuters convicted after reporting on the alleged killings of ten Rohingya at the hands of soldiers and Buddhist villagers in Myanmar. Journalists risk their personal safety because highlighting health and human rights atrocities is so important.
Press freedom around the world is currently at its lowest ebb for 13 years. 2017 saw 73,000 people classify themselves as journalists or editors, down from 84,000 just 1 year previously. Only 13% of the world’s population currently has a free press. Free press and free expression are inextricably linked to the struggle to advance health for individuals and populations. As we can see from the recent scrambles by Russia and Saudi Arabia to invent narratives to explain their illegal actions, it is only wider attention that can bring sufficient pressure on governments to act within the law and respect the health and human rights of its citizens. Journalists offer a key avenue for applying this pressure.
Let Nov 2, this year, mark a change in the way we think of journalists. It is not just the job of press colleagues, lawyers, and governments to defend the rights of journalists worldwide—health professionals and scientists must stand up for a free press too. If we hope for the better health of people worldwide, we must defend the rights of the most objective international monitoring mechanism we have—a free press.

 

Effectiveness of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

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Lancet Global Health
Nov 2018 Volume 6 Number 11 e1139-e1252

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Articles
Effectiveness of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Inadequate health-care provider performance is a major challenge to the delivery of high-quality health care in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The Health Care Provider Performance Review (HCPPR) is a comprehensive systematic review of strategies to improve health-care provider performance in LMICs.
Alexander K Rowe, Samantha Y Rowe, David H Peters, Kathleen A Holloway, John Chalker, Dennis Ross-Degnan

Assessment of quality of primary care with facility surveys: a descriptive analysis in ten low-income and middle-income countries

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Lancet Global Health
Nov 2018 Volume 6 Number 11 e1139-e1252
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Assessment of quality of primary care with facility surveys: a descriptive analysis in ten low-income and middle-income countries
Erlyn K Macarayan, Anna D Gage, Svetlana V Doubova, Frederico Guanais, Ephrem T Lemango, Youssoupha Ndiaye, Peter Waiswa, Margaret E Kruk

High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution

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Lancet Global Health
Nov 2018 Volume 6 Number 11 e1139-e1252
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

The Lancet Global Health Commission
High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution
Margaret E Kruk, Anna D Gage, Catherine Arsenault, Keely Jordan, Hannah H Leslie, Sanam Roder-DeWan, Olusoji Adeyi, Pierre Barker, Bernadette Daelmans, Svetlana V Doubova, Mike English, Ezequiel García Elorrio, Frederico Guanais, Oye Gureje, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Lixin Jiang, Edward Kelley, Ephrem Tekle Lemango, Jerker Liljestrand, Address Malata, Tanya Marchant, Malebona Precious Matsoso, John G Meara, Manoj Mohanan, Youssoupha Ndiaye, Ole F Norheim, K Srinath Reddy, Alexander K Rowe, Joshua A Salomon, Gagan Thapa, Nana A Y Twum-Danso, Muhammad Pate
Executive summary
Although health outcomes have improved in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the past several decades, a new reality is at hand. Changing health needs, growing public expectations, and ambitious new health goals are raising the bar for health systems to produce better health outcomes and greater social value. But staying on current trajectory will not suffice to meet these demands. What is needed are high-quality health systems that optimise health care in each given context by consistently delivering care that improves or maintains health, by being valued and trusted by all people, and by responding to changing population needs. Quality should not be the purview of the elite or an aspiration for some distant future; it should be the DNA of all health systems. Furthermore, the human right to health is meaningless without good quality care because health systems cannot improve health without it.
We propose that health systems be judged primarily on their impacts, including better health and its equitable distribution; on the confidence of people in their health system; and on their economic benefit, and processes of care, consisting of competent care and positive user experience. The foundations of high-quality health systems include the population and their health needs and expectations, governance of the health sector and partnerships across sectors, platforms for care delivery, workforce numbers and skills, and tools and resources, from medicines to data. In addition to strong foundations, health systems need to develop the capacity to measure and use data to learn. High-quality health systems should be informed by four values: they are for people, and they are equitable, resilient, and efficient.

Tuberculosis at the United Nations: a missed chance

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2018 Volume 18 Number 11 p1161-1288  e339-e367
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Editorial
Tuberculosis at the United Nations: a missed chance
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
On Sept 26, the UN General Assembly hosted the first high-level meeting on tuberculosis under the key theme “United to end tuberculosis: an urgent global response to a global epidemic” in New York (NY, USA). The purpose of the meeting was to provide a platform for high-level leaders to reaffirm their commitment to accelerate efforts towards the Sustainable Development Goal of ending the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030, but the outcome was unsatisfactory.

The meeting was preceded by the publication of the WHO 2018 Global Tuberculosis Report on Sept 18. The report showed that despite progress in reducing mortality and incidence, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2017, 1·7 million people died of tuberculosis (300,000 of whom were coinfected with HIV) and there were around 10·4 million new cases. These data show that we are not on track to meet the End TB strategy targets set by WHO in 2014: a 95% reduction in tuberculosis deaths and 90% decrease in new cases between 2015 and 2035.

The WHO 2018 Global Tuberculosis Report indicated that current funding for tackling tuberculosis is insufficient: of the estimated US$10·4 billion needed by countries to fund tuberculosis interventions in 2018, only $6.9 billion were available. Thus, it was expected that the UN high-level meeting would address the gap in the funding by stimulating a stronger commitment from funders and governments to invest more resources to control tuberculosis.

The main objective of the UN high-level meeting was the endorsement of a declaration that should have been agreed in terms of wording by all partys in advance. However, a dispute between the USA and other member countries over language related to intellectual property, an area in which agreement had existed internationally for many years, and with implications for the affordability of drugs, complicated the drawing up of the declaration. South African Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi bravely took the lead in standing up against the world’s largest donor and drove negotations towards a compromise that maintained the status quo on intellectual property rights, but hard feelings that the USA had tried to side with the pharmaceutical industry instead of giving the priority to saving lives persisted during the meeting.

Looking closely at the final endorsed version of the political declaration on tuberculosis, however, shows that only two quantifiable short-term objectives are mentioned: commitment to provide diagnosis and treatment with the aim of successfully treating 40 million people with tuberculosis from 2018 to 2022, including 3·5 million children; and provision of preventive treatment for 30 million people by 2022. How these targets will be met, where the money and infrastructural strengthening will come from, and what individual countries will need to do to achieve those goals was not clearly defined.

People working in tuberculosis control expressed disappointment at the outcome of a unique opportunity to put tuberculosis at centre stage. One of the main issues raised was low attendance and absence of political leaders from Europe and North America. Since most funding for tuberculosis comes from these regions, the disinterest of leaders of high-income countries in the meeting gave the impression that tuberculosis was seen as a problem of others.

Another crucial point was the absence of clear targets to define improvements in tuberculosis control at the country and regional levels. The declaration fails to give any indication of what measures will be considered and what milestones a country should meet to ensure its contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal of ending the tuberculosis epidemic by 2030.

The vague political wording of the declaration also underlies another important problem: who will be accountable for the progress or worsening in the control of tuberculosis? Despite a pledge to raise the funding for tuberculosis, from where will the money come and who will manage it? And for a disease such as tuberculosis, which is strongly associated with poverty and inequalities, should there have been more focus on the role of universal health care?

The UN high-level meeting was seen as a unique chance to gain a strong political support to strengthen measures to control tuberculosis in the coming years and define targets and responsibilities. The reality is that—despite some nice words on paper—a valuable opportunity to galvanise tuberculosis control has been missed.

Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2018 Volume 18 Number 11 p1161-1288  e339-e367
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Articles
Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators

Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 GBD 2016 Diarrhoeal Disease Collaborators

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2018 Volume 18 Number 11 p1161-1288  e339-e367
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

GBD 2016 Diarrhoeal Disease Collaborators

Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2018 Volume 18 Number 11 p1161-1288  e339-e367
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Morbidity and mortality due to shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016
Ibrahim A Khalil, Christopher Troeger, Brigette F Blacker, Puja C Rao, Alexandria Brown, Deborah E Atherly, Thomas G Brewer, Cyril M Engmann, Eric R Houpt, Gagandeep Kang, Karen L Kotloff, Myron M Levine, Stephen P Luby, Calman A MacLennan, William K Pan, Patricia B Pavlinac, James A Platts-Mills, Firdausi Qadri, Mark S Riddle, Edward T Ryan, David A Shoultz, A Duncan Steele, Judd L Walson, John W Sanders, Ali H Mokdad, Christopher J L Murray, Simon I Hay, Robert C Reiner Jr

Antibody persistence after vaccination of adolescents with monovalent and combined acellular pertussis vaccines containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin: a phase 2/3 randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2018 Volume 18 Number 11 p1161-1288  e339-e367
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Antibody persistence after vaccination of adolescents with monovalent and combined acellular pertussis vaccines containing genetically inactivated pertussis toxin: a phase 2/3 randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Punnee Pitisuttithum, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Chukiat Sirivichayakul, Sirintip Sricharoenchai, Jittima Dhitavat, Arom Pitisuthitham, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart, Kobporn Boonnak, Keswadee Lapphra, Yupa Sabmee, Orasri Wittawatmongkol, Mukesh Chauhan, Wassana Wijagkanalan, Greanggrai Hommalai, Librada Fortuna, Pailinrut Chinwangso, Indrajeet Kumar Poredi, Anita H J van den Biggelaar, Hong Thai Pham, Simonetta Viviani

Phase 2b Controlled Trial of M72/AS01E Vaccine to Prevent Tuberculosis

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New England Journal of Medicine
October 25, 2018  Vol. 379 No. 17
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Original Articles
Phase 2b Controlled Trial of M72/AS01E Vaccine to Prevent Tuberculosis
Olivier Van Der Meeren, M.D., Mark Hatherill, M.D., Videlis Nduba, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H., Robert J. Wilkinson, F.Med.Sci., Monde Muyoyeta, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Elana Van Brakel, M.B., Ch.B., Helen M. Ayles, M.B., B.S., Ph.D., German Henostroza, M.D., Friedrich Thienemann, M.D.,
Thomas J. Scriba, Ph.D., Andreas Diacon, M.D., Ph.D., Gretta L. Blatner, M.S., M.P.H., Marie-Ange Demoitié, M.Sc., Michele Tameris, M.B., Ch.B., Mookho Malahleha, M.D., M.P.H., James C. Innes, M.B., Ch.B., Elizabeth Hellström, M.B., Ch.B., Neil Martinson, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H., Tina Singh, M.D., Elaine J. Akite, M.Sc., Aisha Khatoon Azam, M.B., B.S., Anne Bollaerts, M.Sc., Ann M. Ginsberg, M.D., Ph.D., Thomas G. Evans, M.D., Paul Gillard, M.D., and Dereck R. Tait, M.B., Ch.B.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial of the M72/AS01E tuberculosis vaccine in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative adults 18 to 50 years of age with latent M. tuberculosis infection (by interferon-γ release assay) were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to receive two doses of either M72/AS01E or placebo intramuscularly 1 month apart. Most participants had previously received the bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine. We assessed the safety of M72/AS01E and its efficacy against progression to bacteriologically confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis disease. Clinical suspicion of tuberculosis was confirmed with sputum by means of a polymerase-chain-reaction test, mycobacterial culture, or both.

Epidemiological metrics and benchmarks for a transition in the HIV epidemic

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PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 27 Oct 2018 )

Perspective
Epidemiological metrics and benchmarks for a transition in the HIV epidemic
Peter D. Ghys, Brian G. Williams, Mead Over, Timothy B. Hallett, Peter Godfrey-Faussett
| published 25 Oct 2018 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002678
Introduction
The goal of ‘Ending the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030’ has been reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and similar language has been adapted for other diseases and conditions [1]. Between 2010 and 2017, the number of AIDS-related deaths has declined by 34%, and the number of new HIV infections has declined by 18% [2]. Although these declines constitute important achievements, progress has been slower than envisaged, which is likely due to a combination of suboptimal or inappropriate policies, lack of funding, limited or misdirected implementation of available strategies and tools, or other obstacles. Metrics and corresponding target values or benchmarks that demonstrate progress in the AIDS response and its effect on the AIDS epidemic are useful as the world heads towards that goal.

‘Ending the AIDS epidemic’ has not been defined in scientific terms, and it can be seen as a global aspiration in a distant future. Elimination of all new infections does not appear possible in the short and medium term with the tools available today. Metrics that signal medium-term progress and can be applied in countries, subnational entities, and population groups may be particularly valuable, as they can allow for local accountability and target-driven programme management. Achieving a certain benchmark would then herald the gradual reduction in the HIV burden in that community and could help lay the groundwork for a push to end the epidemic. The benchmarks for the metrics discussed in this paper should not be seen as indicative of tipping points, as those are unlikely to exist in the real world for an infection with a long incubation period and with survival being extended by antiretroviral treatment. Rather, they can be seen as important achievements in the management of epidemics…

Advanced surveillance and preparedness to meet a new era of invasive vectors and emerging vector-borne diseases

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 27 Oct 2018 )

Viewpoints
Advanced surveillance and preparedness to meet a new era of invasive vectors and emerging vector-borne diseases
Rebekah C. Kading, Andrew J. Golnar, Sarah A. Hamer, Gabriel L. Hamer
Viewpoints | published 25 Oct 2018 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006761

From recognition to action: A strategic approach to foster sustainable collaborations for rabies elimination

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 27 Oct 2018)

Policy Platform
From recognition to action: A strategic approach to foster sustainable collaborations for rabies elimination
Rany Octaria, Stephanie J. Salyer, Jesse Blanton, Emily G. Pieracci, Peninah Munyua, Max Millien, Louis Nel, Ryan M. Wallace
| published 25 Oct 2018 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006756

An ethical framework for evaluation of public health plans: a systematic process for legitimate and fair decision-making

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Public Health  
November 2018 Volume 164, In Progress
http://www.publichealthjrnl.com/current

An ethical framework for evaluation of public health plans: a systematic process for legitimate and fair decision-making
Akrami, A. Zali, M. Abbasi, R. Majdzadeh, A. Karimi, M. Fadavi, A. Mehrabi Bahar
p30–38
Published online: August 28, 2018

Vaccine Hesitancy in Pediatric Primary Care Practices

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Qualitative Health Research
Volume 28 Issue 13, November 2018
http://qhr.sagepub.com/content/current

Research Articles
Vaccine Hesitancy in Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Salini Mohanty, Amy Carroll-Scott, Marissa Wheeler, Cecilia Davis-Hayes, Renee Turchi, Kristen Feemster, Michael Yudell, Alison M. Buttenheim
First Published June 27, 2018; pp. 2071–2080
Preview
Understanding how pediatric practices handle parental vaccine hesitancy is important as it impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of pediatric practices. In total, 21 semi-structured interviews with pediatric practice staff within a primary care network were conducted between May 2012 and March 2013. Thematic analysis focused on the barriers and challenges of vaccine hesitancy and strategies to reduce the burden at the practice level. Barriers and challenges of vaccine hesitancy included time constraints, administrative challenges, financial challenges and strained patient-provider relationships. Strategies to minimize the burden of vaccine hesitancy included training for vaccine counseling, screening for vaccine hesitancy prior to immunization visits, tailored vaccine counseling, and primary care provider visits for follow-up immunization. Pediatric practices reported many challenges when caring for vaccine-hesitant families. Multiple strategies were identified to reduce the burden of vaccine hesitancy, which future studies should explore to determine how effective they are in increasing vaccine acceptance in pediatric practices.

Appraising Qualitative Research for Evidence Syntheses: A Compendium of Quality Appraisal Tools

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Qualitative Health Research
Volume 28 Issue 13, November 2018
http://qhr.sagepub.com/content/current

Methods
Appraising Qualitative Research for Evidence Syntheses: A Compendium of Quality Appraisal Tools
Umair Majid, Meredith Vanstone
First Published July 26, 2018; pp. 2115–2131
Preview
As the movement toward evidence-based health policy continues to emphasize the importance of including patient and public perspectives, syntheses of qualitative health research are becoming more common. In response to the focus on independent assessments of rigor in these knowledge products, over 100 appraisal tools for assessing the quality of qualitative research have been developed. The variety of appraisal tools exhibit diverse methods and purposes, reflecting the lack of consensus as to what constitutes appropriate quality criteria for qualitative research. It is a daunting task for those without deep familiarity of the field to choose the best appraisal tool for their purpose. This article provides a description of the structure, content, and objectives of existing appraisal tools for those wanting to evaluate primary qualitative research for a qualitative evidence synthesis. We then discuss common features of appraisal tools and examine their implications for evidence synthesis.

 

Threats to timely sharing of pathogen sequence data

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Science         
26 October 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6413
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

Policy Forum
Threats to timely sharing of pathogen sequence data
By Carolina dos S. Ribeiro, Marion P. Koopmans, George B. Haringhuizen
Science26 Oct 2018 : 404-406 Restricted Access
The Nagoya Protocol may impose costs and delays
Summary
Pathogen genome sequence databases are taking over important functions of physical collections of microbial and viral cultures (biobanks), adding functionalities for worldwide rapid sharing of pathogen genetic resources in support of research and outbreak response (1). But biobanks and databases also have to respect the ownership and rights of the sample and data providers, including the sovereign right of states to decide on the use of their resources [as stated in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2)]. Where domestic or international regulation in this regard is absent or unclear, the integrity of databases and biobanks can be threatened by divergent interpretations, potentially leading to perceived violation of globally agreed sovereignty rights. In particular, the impact of the Nagoya Protocol (NP) to the CBD on public health and infectious disease control is highly debated and focused now on whether genetic sequence data (GSD) fall within the scope of the NP, which thus far has concentrated on access to physical samples. With this question on the agenda of the upcoming CBD Conference of the Parties (17 to 29 November) (3), we explore possible adaptations of existing biobank frameworks to support efficient transfer of pathogen genetic resources (PGR) during public health emergencies.

 

An experimental investigation into the transmission of antivax attitudes using a fictional health controversy

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Social Science & Medicine
Volume 215   Pages 1-166 (October 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/social-science-and-medicine/vol/215/suppl/C

Short communication   Abstract only
An experimental investigation into the transmission of antivax attitudes using a fictional health controversy
Ángel V. Jiménez, Joseph M. Stubbersfield, Jamshid J. Tehrani
Pages 23-27

Partially systematic thoughts on the history of systematic reviews

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Systematic Reviews
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles
[Accessed 27 Oct 2018 ]

Commentary
Partially systematic thoughts on the history of systematic reviews
Six years after the launch of Systematic Reviews by Biomed Central, this article is part of the celebration of the journal. It contains personal reflections on the past, present and future of systematic reviews, …
Authors: Mike Clarke
Citation: Systematic Reviews 2018 7:176
Published on: 27 October 2018