National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China [to 26 Feb 2022] http://en.nhc.gov.cn/ News Feb 26: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
On Feb 25, 31 provincial-level regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on the Chinese mainland reported 249 new cases of confirmed infections.
Careful readers will note that the number and range of organizations now monitored in our Announcements section below has grown as the impacts of the pandemic have spread across global economies, supply chains and programmatic activity of multilateral agencies and INGOs.
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
The Mérieux Foundation was deeply moved to learn of the death of Professor François Gros, President of Honor of its Board of Directors, on February 18, 2022.
A French biologist, he was internationally recognized for his contribution to the discovery of messenger RNA and for his career as a researcher and teacher dedicated to the study of genes and their role in the regulation of cellular functions.
Head of the Pasteur Institute from 1976 to 1982, advisor to Prime Ministers Pierre Mauroy and Laurent Fabius, he was also Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences and member of the Institut de France…
GENEVA – The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria applauds the decision by the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office to contribute GBP 60 million to the Global Fund’s COVID-19 Response Mechanism…
Gut bacteria brew all sorts of chemicals, but we don’t know what most of them do. A new study suggests that one such compound, previously linked to cancer, may serve as a bizarre weapon in microbial skirmishes.
ISC is a non-governmental organization with a unique global membership that brings together 40 international scientific Unions and Associations and over 140 national and regional scientific organizations including Academies and Research Councils.
The International Science Council (ISC) today announces that Heide Hackmann will step down as Chief Executive Officer. Mathieu Denis, Science Director, will become Acting CEO, and a recruitment process for a new CEO of the ISC is underway.
Heide Hackmann has served as Chief Executive Officer of the International Science Council (ISC) since its creation in 2018, and as Executive Director of the ISC’s two predecessor organizations: the International Social Science Council (ISSC), from 2006 to 2015, and the International Council for Science (ICSU), from 2015 to 2018…
February 24, 2022 — Study highlights the need for public health messaging strategies that address biases against all population groups that have been marginalized.
Following on from yesterday’s statement condemning the large scale aggression by Russia against Ukraine in the strongest possible terms and as part of its urgent reconsideration of all cooperation with Russia, the OECD Council has taken a number of initial decisions today.
The world is producing twice as much plastic waste as two decades ago, with the bulk of it ending up in landfill, incinerated or leaking into the environment, and only 9% successfully recycled, according to a new OECD report.
Today, the European Commission put forward a proposal for a law to clean up supply chains worldwide and make business sustainable. This new law will introduce important reforms only applying to a small group of very large companies selling goods and services on the EU market. Contrary to the Commission’s initial ambitions, it does not include significant reforms to directors’ duties.
…As co-founder and chief strategist of PIH, his influence was integral to the delivery of several successful joint projects with Unitaid, including one of Unitaid’s flagship TB investments, which aimed at improving treatment for multidrug-resistant TB around the world…
Geneva – Unitaid is pleased to welcome Tenu Avafia as its Deputy Executive Director. Tenu brings over 20 years of professional and managerial experience in public health, human rights inclusive development and trade-related matters across country, regional and global settings…
Vaccine Equity Cooperative [nee Initiative] [to 26 Feb 2022]
KATHMANDU, February 25, 2022 – The Government of Nepal and the World Bank today signed an agreement for a second additional concessional loan financing of $18 million (Rs. 2.14 billion) for COVID-19…
Many governments are using trade policy measures to increase the availability of medical and food products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tracking them is important for assessing their incidence, effectiveness…
…The WCO-coordinated enforcement operations demonstrated that e-commerce has become one of the major conduits for illicit trade. Therefore, it has become essential to obtain access to good quality data for risk management purposes, using digital technology in a paperless trade environment. Like in the case of traditional containerized trade, where there is an established data flow from the trade community to Customs, there is also a need for Customs to enhance cooperation with the e-commerce operators, including e-commerce platforms…
WTO members agreed on 23 February that the postponed 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) will now take place during the week of 13 June in Geneva. The decision at a meeting of the organization’s General Council was taken following the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in the host country Switzerland.
MC12 was due to take place from 30 November to 3 December 2021 but was postponed due to the outbreak of the Omicron variant of COVID-19, which led to the imposition of travel restrictions and quarantine requirements in Switzerland and many other European countries.
Ambassador Dacio Castillo of Honduras, the chair of the General Council, noted that fixing the dates for the eagerly awaited meeting should provide impetus to the WTO’s work and focus for the discussion on ministerial outcomes. The exact dates of the meeting will be defined later, he noted.
“Let us work together, with the primary objective in mind, that the Conference will provide the WTO, and us here in Geneva, with an opportunity to demonstrate that the WTO can deliver,” Ambassador Castillo declared. “Let us make this count.”
The pandemic has twice forced the postponement of MC12. The meeting was originally scheduled to take place in June 2020 in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
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Editor’s Note:
This WTA announcement does not happen to note that resolution of TRIPS intellectual property issues around COVID vaccines has been confounded by recurring MC12 scheduling delays, as well as WTA decisions taken such resolution could not be achieved from meaningful work outside of the MC12 meeting format.
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ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 26 Feb 2022]
This paper discusses specifics of ATMPs, where traditional in-country testing is challenging, outlining existing control strategies to detect potential issues, with recommendations to waive in-country testing without compromising product safety, quality and efficacy and in compliance with requirements, i.e., by recognition of certificates from countries with mature National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs).*
* Mature NRAs refers to Stringent Regulatory Authorities, SRAs [1-3]. A list of SRAs has been published by the WHO here. Once the WHO listed authority (WLA) system is fully implemented the term WLA will replace the term SRA.
International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
Patient involvement in Global Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is still in its infancy, although several efforts continue to be initiated in recent years.
In response, IAPO and DUKE NUS are conducting a global survey to assess patients’ awareness, involvement and learning needs in HTA in order to develop training materials that meet the learning needs of patient organizations to support them to be meaningfully involved in HTA processes….
Journal Watch Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org
Tactical Health and Law Enforcement
Tactical health involves providing field-based clinical support to law enforcement operations during frontline crisis interventions and prehospital emergency care. Health professional skill can inform individual officers’ occupational health maintenance and help agents of the state navigate primary and secondary trauma and posttrauma experiences in field- and clinic-based settings. Tactical health expertise can also inform department- and agency-level policies, decisions, and responses to community health and safety threats. Ethical questions considered in this issue focus on the nature and scope of health professionals’ collaborations with law enforcement personnel during and following critical event preparation and responses.
Pneumococcal meningitis and COVID-19: dangerous coexistence. A case report SARS-CoV-2 is the major cause of infections in humans since December 2019 and is top of the global health concern currently. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading pathogens of invasive bacterial diseases…
Authors: Katarzyna Guziejko, Piotr Czupryna, Ewa Katarzyna Zielenkiewicz-Madejska and Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:182
Content type: Case report
Published on: 23 February 2022
Pneumococcal meningitis and COVID-19: dangerous coexistence. A case report SARS-CoV-2 is the major cause of infections in humans since December 2019 and is top of the global health concern currently. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading pathogens of invasive bacterial diseases…
Authors: Katarzyna Guziejko, Piotr Czupryna, Ewa Katarzyna Zielenkiewicz-Madejska and Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:182
Content type: Case report
Published on: 23 February 2022
Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK) Prospective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking.
Authors: Mohammad Talaei, Sian Faustini, Hayley Holt, David A. Jolliffe, Giulia Vivaldi, Matthew Greenig, Natalia Perdek, Sheena Maltby, Carola M. Bigogno, Jane Symons, Gwyneth A. Davies, Ronan A. Lyons, Christopher J. Griffiths, Frank Kee, Aziz Sheikh, Alex G. Richter…
Citation: BMC Medicine 2022 20:87
Content type: Research article
Published on: 22 February 2022
Authors: Sahar S. Othman, Abeer Alsuwaidi, Rafal Aseel, Reema Alotaibi, Reem Bablgoom, Ghadeer alsulami, Razan Alharbi and Ranya Ghamri
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:375
Content type: Research
Published on: 21 February 2022
Editorial CRISPR Rewrites the Future of Medicine
Rodolphe Barrangou
Published Online:22 February 2022
…As always, the CRISPR collaborative network relies on teamwork, encompassing leaders in academia, clinical settings, and regulatory agencies enabling industry pioneers to develop CRISPR drugs. Critical translational endeavors by genome-editing companies and their pharmaceutical partners are translating progress into actual therapies that patients need, barely 2 years after the initial dosing of SCD patient Victoria Gray.
Several ongoing studies are anticipated to corroborate the safety and efficacy of CRISPR medicines, with about 50 studies currently registered on clinicaltrials.gov. Active studies in the aforementioned disorders and immunotherapies will be joined by trials on lymphoma (CB010A), myeloma (CTX-120), leukemia (NTLA-5001), carcinoma (CTX-130), Leber congenital amaurosis (EDIT-101), angioedema (NTLA-2002) and others, with more than two dozen studies actively recruiting. Most activity is centered in the United States and China, with trials also taking place in the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Sweden, and New Zealand, illustrating the global enthusiasm for CRISPR-based therapies.
CRISPR’s path to the clinic is reaching a critical point where clinical-stage development requires translational efforts by biotech pioneers joining forces with pharmaceutical companies to scale up these programs. Publicly disclosed partnerships include Intellia Therapeutics with Regeneron and Novartis; Editas Medicine with Bristol Myers Squibb and AskBio; CRISPR Therapeutics with Vertex and Bayer; Beam Therapeutics with Pfizer; and Caribou Biosciences with Abbvie. This trend has inspired additional partnerships and investments in up-and-coming players such as Mammoth Biosciences and Metagenomi, as well as fueling next-generation CRISPR startups such as Prime Medicine, Graphite Bio, LifeEDIT, Scribe Therapeutics, Tessera Therapeutics, Tome Biosciences, and Tune Therapeutics.
We thank our special issue guest editors, Annarita Miccio (Institut Imagine, Paris) and Matthew Porteus (Stanford University), for helping to shepherd this issue to completion. The articles in this issue illustrate how quickly translational efforts are progressing, how far into the clinic we already are, and set the stage for the expanded and accelerated deployment of CRISPR therapeutic payloads. We look forward to following this path in future issues of The CRISPR Journal.
Commentary The Importance of Developing Rigorous Social Science Methods for Community Engagement and Behavior Change During Outbreak Response Henry C. Ashworth, Sara Dada, Conor Buggy, Shelley Lees
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 July 2020, pp. 685-690 Abstract
Despite growing international attention, the anthropological and socio-behavioral elements of epidemics continue to be understudied and under resourced and lag behind the traditional outbreak response infrastructure. As seen in the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of socio-behavioral elements in understanding transmission and facilitating control of many outbreak-prone pathogens, this is problematic. Beyond the recent strengthening of global outbreak response capacities and global health security measures, a greater focus on the socio-behavioral components of outbreak response is required. We add to the current discussion by briefly highlighting the importance of socio-behavior in the Ebola virus disease (EVD) response, and describe vital areas of future development, including methods for community engagement and validated frameworks for behavioral modeling and change in outbreak settings.
TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE On the Ethics of Vaccine Nationalism: The Case for the Fair Priority for Residents Framework
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Allen Buchanan, Shuk Ying Chan, Cécile Fabre, Daniel Halliday, R. J. Leland, Florencia Luna, Matthew S. McCoy, Ole F. Norheim, G. Owen Schaefer, Kok-Chor Tan, Christopher Heath Wellman Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are likely to be scarce for years to come. Many countries, from India to the U.K., have demonstrated vaccine nationalism. What are the ethical limits to this vaccine nationalism? Neither extreme nationalism nor extreme cosmopolitanism is ethically justifiable. Instead, we propose the fair priority for residents (FPR) framework, in which governments can retain COVID-19 vaccine doses for their residents only to the extent that they are needed to maintain a noncrisis level of mortality while they are implementing reasonable public health interventions. Practically, a noncrisis level of mortality is that experienced during a bad influenza season, which society considers an acceptable background risk. Governments take action to limit mortality from influenza, but there is no emergency that includes severe lockdowns. This “flu-risk standard” is a nonarbitrary and generally accepted heuristic. Mortality above the flu-risk standard justifies greater governmental interventions, including retaining vaccines for a country’s own citizens over global need. The precise level of vaccination needed to meet the flu-risk standard will depend upon empirical factors related to the pandemic. This links the ethical principles to the scientific data emerging from the emergency. Thus, the FPR framework recognizes that governments should prioritize procuring vaccines for their country when doing so is necessary to reduce mortality to noncrisis flu-like levels. But after that, a government is obligated to do its part to share vaccines to reduce risks of mortality for people in other countries. We consider and reject objections to the FPR framework based on a country: (1) having developed a vaccine, (2) raising taxes to pay for vaccine research and purchase, (3) wanting to eliminate economic and social burdens, and (4) being ineffective in combating COVID-19 through public health interventions.
Article Health equity and health system strengthening – Time for a WHO re-think N. Jensen, A. H. Kelly & M. Avendano
Pages: 377-390
Published online: 10 Jan 2021 ABSTRACT
The pursuit of health equity is foundational to the global health enterprise. But while moral concerns over health inequities can galvanise political commitment, how such concerns can or should translate into practice remains less clear. This paper reviews evolving ways that equity goals have featured in key World Health Organization (WHO)-related policy documents, before discussing the heuristic value and empirical traction that the concept of equity can bring to the health system strengthening (HSS) agenda. We argue that while health equity is often presented as the overarching goal of HSS, in practice this is typically circumscribed to the provision of healthcare services. Although healthcare equity is important, we suggest that this narrow focus risks losing sight of the structural political, social and economic drivers of health and health inequities, as well as the broader contexts of care and complex socio-political mechanisms through which health systems are strengthened. Drawing on new lines of empirical inquiry, we propose that broadening the equity lens for HSS offers exciting opportunities to put health systems at the heart of a more ambitious equity agenda in global health.
How are global health policies transferred to sub-Saharan Africa countries? A systematic critical review of literature Most sub-Saharan Africa countries adopt global health policies. However, mechanisms with which policy transfers occur have largely been studied amongst developed countries and much less in low- and middle- inc…
Authors: Walter Denis Odoch, Flavia Senkubuge, Ann Bosibori Masese and Charles Hongoro
Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:25
Content type: Research
Published on: 23 February 2022
Redressing COVID-19 vaccine inequity amidst booster doses: charting a bold path for global health solidarity, together With large swathes of the world’s population—majority clustered in low- and middle-income countries—still yet to receive the minimum of two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine; The need to address the failures of in…
Authors: Sudhan Rackimuthu, Kapil Narain, Arush Lal, Faisal A. Nawaz, Parvathy Mohanan, Mohammad Yasir Essar and Henry Charles Ashworth
Citation: Globalization and Health 2022 18:23
Content type: Commentary
Published on: 22 February 2022
SPECIAL ISSUE: Country Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Articles analyzing country responses in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, U.S., Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, France, Italy
Original Investigation Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Serious Maternal Morbidity and Mortality From Obstetric Complications
Torri D. Metz, MD, MS; Rebecca G. Clifton, PhD; Brenna L. Hughes, MD, MS; et al.
free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2022;327(8):748-759. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1190
This cohort study evaluates the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity or mortality related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, or infection other than SARS-CoV-2.
JAMA Patient Page COVID-19 and Pregnancy
Kristin Walter, MD, MS
free access has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2022;327(8):790. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.22679
This JAMA Patient Page describes characteristics of COVID-19 among pregnant people and vaccination recommendations for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Comment Waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines
Hiam Chemaitelly, Laith J Abu-Raddad
In The Lancet, Peter Nordström and colleagues1 report the effectiveness of several COVID-19 vaccines and different vaccine schedules against any documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and against severe COVID-19, for up to 9 months of follow-up. Data for 842 974 matched pairs of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in this retrospective cohort study were retrieved from the Swedish national registers. These registers track health outcomes for all registered individuals nationwide. Both cohorts had a median age of 52·7 years (IQR 37·0–67·5) and included mostly women (500 297 [59·3%] in each cohort) and individuals born in Sweden (703 666 [83·5%] in the vaccinated cohort vs 578 647 [68·6%] in the unvaccinated cohort). Follow-up started 14 days after the second dose for each person vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), or mixed ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and an mRNA vaccine and their unvaccinated matches. Effectiveness estimates were adjusted for date of second dose, age, sex, domestic support (proxy for disability), education, place of birth, and comorbidities. The study was completed on Oct 4, 2021, before the advent of the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant…
Comment | 22 February 2022 COVID-19: talk of ‘vaccine hesitancy’ lets governments off the hook
Go beyond the attitudes of individuals and focus more on what governments must do to build people’s trust and ensure easy access to vaccines for all.
Katie Attwell, Adam Hannah, Julie Leask
Article | 23 December 2021 | Open Access Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization
Plasma from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 exhibits 22-fold less neutralization capacity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) than against an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain but residual neutralization is maintained in those with high levels of neutralization of ancestral virus.
Sandile Cele, Laurelle Jackson, Alex Sigal
Article | 23 December 2021 | Open Access Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
A high-throughput yeast display platform is used to analyse the profiles of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) that enable escape from antibodies, and suggests that most anti-RBD antibodies can be escaped by the Omicron variant.
Yunlong Cao, Jing Wang, Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
Article | 23 December 2021 Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift
Pseudovirus assays and surface plasmon resonance show that the Omicron receptor-binding domain binds to human ACE2 with increased affinity relative to the ancestral virus, and that most neutralizing antibodies are considerably less potent against Omicron.
Elisabetta Cameroni, John E. Bowen, Davide Corti
Article | 23 December 2021 Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization
An isolate of the Omicron variant of SARS-COV-2 was completely or partially resistant to neutralization by all nine clinically approved monoclonal antibodies tested.
Delphine Planas, Nell Saunders, Olivier Schwartz
Article | 23 December 2021 Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2
The B.1.1.529/Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is resistant to neutralization by serum not only from patients who recovered from COVID-19, but also from individuals vaccinated with one of the four widely used COVID-19 vaccines.
Lihong Liu, Sho Iketani, David D. Ho
Article | 31 December 2021 Activity of convalescent and vaccine serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
Sera from unvaccinated, vaccinated, and previously infected and vaccinated individuals show reduced neutralizing and spike protein-binding activity towards the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other variants.
Juan Manuel Carreño, Hala Alshammary, Florian Krammer
Focus on vaccine inequity
Equitable distribution of resources to fight COVID-19 is a global challenge. In a collection of research and opinion articles, researchers, public health officials, intellectual property experts, leaders of international organizations, and activists explain how global inequities in COVID-19 vaccine allocation continue fuelling the pandemic, and discuss ways to address these disparities.
Editorial | 31 January 2022 In a pandemic, national and global interests converge
In ten contributions, mathematical modellers, public health officials, intellectual property experts and activists explain how vaccine inequities continue to fuel the pandemic, and how multilateral cooperation can help.
World View | 31 January 2022 Vaccine inequity is unethical
Ethical principles dictate that limited, life-saving resources should be allocated fairly. Keymanthri Moodley affirms that achieving global distributive justice is one of the greatest challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, and current distribution strategies are ethically indefensible.
Keymanthri Moodley
Research Briefing | 24 February 2022 The emergence of COVID-19 vaccine resistance depends on human choices
The probability of the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-resistant variants depends on the number of daily infections permitted by society, and the rate and penetrance of vaccination. Rapidly vaccinating all eligible people while maintaining strict physical distancing measures can prevent the evolution of vaccine resistance.
Article | 31 January 2022 | Open Access Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines makes a life-saving difference to all countries
Using data-driven mathematical modelling that combines viral evolution with epidemiological dynamics, Ye et al. show that COVID-19 vaccine inequity leads to the emergence of new variants and new waves of the pandemic, while equitable allocation of vaccine doses reduces case counts and fatalities in all countries.
Yang Ye, Qingpeng Zhang, Daniel Dajun Zeng
Comment | 12 January 2022 The French health pass holds lessons for mandatory COVID-19 vaccination
The passe sanitaire increased levels of vaccination, but to a lower extent among the most vulnerable, and did not reduce vaccine hesitancy itself, showing the importance of outreach to underserved communities and the potential limits of mandatory vaccination policies.
Jeremy K. Ward, Fatima Gauna, Patrick Peretti-Watel
Perspective | 10 February 2022 A roadmap to increase diversity in genomic studies
Based on their experience of setting up genomic studies in underrepresented populations, the authors propose a roadmap to enhancing inclusion and ensuring that the health benefits of genomics advances are accessible to all.
Segun Fatumo, Tinashe Chikowore, Karoline Kuchenbaecker
Article | 17 February 2022 Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination
Recent prior influenza A infection is associated with elevated hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses and greater breadth of reactivity to influenza strains following vaccination, suggesting that infection history boosts vaccine responses.
Maria Auladell, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Annette Fox
Article | 14 December 2021 | Open Access Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection
A self-controlled case series using individual-patient-level data from over 38 million people aged 16 years and over, reveals an increased risk of myocarditis within a week of receiving a first dose of ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines, which was further increased after a second dose of either mRNA vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with even greater risk of myocarditis, as well as pericarditis and cardiac arrhythmia.
Martina Patone, Xue W. Mei, Julia Hippisley-Cox
vaccines and global health :: ethics and policy 