Category Archives: Uncategorized

Effect of Subcutaneous Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Combination vs Placebo on Development of Symptomatic COVID-19 in Early Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 InfectionA Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA
February 1, 2022, Vol 327, No. 5, Pages 409-497
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Original Investigation
Effect of Subcutaneous Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Combination vs Placebo on Development of Symptomatic COVID-19 in Early Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 InfectionA Randomized Clinical Trial
Meagan P. O’Brien, MD; Eduardo Forleo-Neto, MD; Neena Sarkar, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2022;327(5):432-441. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24939
This randomized trial assesses the effect of a single dose of subcutaneous casirivimab and imdevimab antibody combination vs placebo on 28-day progression to symptomatic COVID-19 among asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction–positive individuals living with an infected household contact.

False-Positive Results in Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2

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JAMA
February 1, 2022, Vol 327, No. 5, Pages 409-497
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Research Letter
False-Positive Results in Rapid Antigen Tests for SARS-CoV-2
Joshua S. Gans, PhD; Avi Goldfarb, PhD; Ajay K. Agrawal, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2022;327(5):485-486. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24355
This study examines the incidence of false-positive results in a sample of rapid antigen tests used to serially screen asymptomatic workers throughout Canada.

Editorial
Realizing the Potential of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies for COVID-19 Management
Jonathan Z. Li, MD; Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD

Latinx Immigrants’ Legal Concerns About SARS-CoV-2 Testing and COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment

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Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
Volume 24, issue 1, February 2022
https://link.springer.com/journal/10903/volumes-and-issues/24-1

 

Latinx Immigrants’ Legal Concerns About SARS-CoV-2 Testing and COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors (first, second and last of 5)
Julia Lechuga, Carol L. Galletly, Timothy L. McAuliffe
Content type: Original Paper
Published: 11 January 2022
Pages: 1 – 9

COVID-19 Vaccination Dynamics in the US: Coverage Velocity and Carrying Capacity Based on Socio-demographic Vulnerability Indices in California

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Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
Volume 24, issue 1, February 2022
https://link.springer.com/journal/10903/volumes-and-issues/24-1

 

COVID-19 Vaccination Dynamics in the US: Coverage Velocity and Carrying Capacity Based on Socio-demographic Vulnerability Indices in California
Authors (first, second and last of 9)
Alexander Aram Bruckhaus, Aidin Abedi, Dominique Duncan
Content type: Original Paper
Published: 19 November 2021
Pages: 18 – 30

Standardized Vaccine-Hesitant Patients in the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vaccine Communication Training

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Journal of Pediatrics
February 2022 Volume 241 p1-266
http://www.jpeds.com/current

 

Original Articles
Standardized Vaccine-Hesitant Patients in the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vaccine Communication Training
Shanna M. Barton, Aaron W. Calhoun, Carrie A. Bohnert,…Matthew D. Kinney, John M. Parrish-Sprowl, Gary S. Marshall
Published online: October 23, 2021
p203-211.e1

Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccination in previous recipients of two doses of CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil (RHH-001): a phase 4, non-inferiority, single blind, randomised study

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The Lancet
Feb 05, 2022 Volume 399 Number 10324 p495-604, e3-e5
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Articles
Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccination in previous recipients of two doses of CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil (RHH-001): a phase 4, non-inferiority, single blind, randomised study
Sue Ann Costa Clemens,et al and the RHH-001 study team
Open Access

Tafenoquine exposure assessment, safety, and relapse prevention efficacy in children with Plasmodium vivax malaria: open-label, single-arm, non-comparative, multicentre, pharmacokinetic bridging, phase 2 trial

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The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Feb 2022 Volume 6 Number 2 p71-136, e5
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/issue/current

 

Articles
Tafenoquine exposure assessment, safety, and relapse prevention efficacy in children with Plasmodium vivax malaria: open-label, single-arm, non-comparative, multicentre, pharmacokinetic bridging, phase 2 trial
Iván D Vélez, et al.

Impact of an adolescent meningococcal ACWY immunisation programme to control a national outbreak of group W meningococcal disease in England: a national surveillance and modelling study

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The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Feb 2022 Volume 6 Number 2 p71-136, e5
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/issue/current

 

Impact of an adolescent meningococcal ACWY immunisation programme to control a national outbreak of group W meningococcal disease in England: a national surveillance and modelling study
Helen Campbell, et al.

Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals

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The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Feb 2022 Volume 6 Number 2 p71-136, e5
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/issue/current

 

Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000–19: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals
Jamie Perin, et al.
Open Access

Key use cases for artificial intelligence to reduce the frequency of adverse drug events: a scoping review

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Lancet Digital Health
Feb 2022 Volume 4 Number 2 e75-e148
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Review
Key use cases for artificial intelligence to reduce the frequency of adverse drug events: a scoping review
Ania Syrowatka,et al.
Summary
Adverse drug events (ADEs) represent one of the most prevalent types of health-care-related harm, and there is substantial room for improvement in the way that they are currently predicted and detected. We conducted a scoping review to identify key use cases in which artificial intelligence (AI) could be leveraged to reduce the frequency of ADEs. We focused on modern machine learning techniques and natural language processing. 78 articles were included in the scoping review. Studies were heterogeneous and applied various AI techniques covering a wide range of medications and ADEs. We identified several key use cases in which AI could contribute to reducing the frequency and consequences of ADEs, through prediction to prevent ADEs and early detection to mitigate the effects. Most studies (73 [94%] of 78) assessed technical algorithm performance, and few studies evaluated the use of AI in clinical settings. Most articles (58 [74%] of 78) were published within the past 5 years, highlighting an emerging area of study. Availability of new types of data, such as genetic information, and access to unstructured clinical notes might further advance the field.

Withholding liberty, not the right to health

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Lancet Global Health
Feb 2022 Volume 10 Number 2 e154-e297
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Editorial
Withholding liberty, not the right to health
The Lancet Global Health
… The challenges are clear to see. A greater focus and investment in research on the health of prisoners in LMICs will help guide the development of evidence-based solutions for this vulnerable and often forgotten population with complex health needs. A supportive architecture for prison health research and disease surveillance will not only benefit detainees and staff within prison walls but also public health of populations at large. As “the Arch” said, let’s not forget the health and human rights of prisoners.

Global, regional, and national trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2019 with scenario-based projections until 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation

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Lancet Global Health
Feb 2022 Volume 10 Number 2 e154-e297
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Global, regional, and national trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2019 with scenario-based projections until 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation
David Sharrow, et al. as members of the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation and its Technical Advisory Group

Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, in people younger than 18 years: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 1/2 trial

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Feb 2022 Volume 22 Number 2 p151-296, e41-e65
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Articles
Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, in people younger than 18 years: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 1/2 trial
ShengLi Xia, et al.

Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Feb 2022 Volume 22 Number 2 p151-296, e41-e65
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
GBD 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators

Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Feb 2022 Volume 22 Number 2 p151-296, e41-e65
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa
Laura V Cooper, et al.

The economic and public health impact of intellectual property licensing of medicines for low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study

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Lancet Public Health
Feb 2022 Volume 7 Number 2 e93-e194
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/issue/current

 

Articles
The economic and public health impact of intellectual property licensing of medicines for low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study
Sébastien Morin, Hannah Barron Moak, Oliver Bubb-Humfryes, Christian von Drehle, Jeffrey V Lazarus,
Esteban Burrone
Non-exclusive voluntary licensing that is access-oriented has been suggested as an option to increase access to medicines to address the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there has been little research on the effect of licensing, mainly focused on economic and supply chain considerations, and not on the benefits in terms of health outcomes. We aimed to study the economic and health effect of voluntary licensing for medicines for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with COVID-19-associated moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ICAR): multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

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Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Feb 2022 Volume 10 Number 2 p121-220, e11-e24
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current

 

Articles
Intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with COVID-19-associated moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ICAR): multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Aurélien Mazeraud,et al.

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

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Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Feb 2022 Volume 10 Number 2 p121-220, e11-e24
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current

 

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Seth Toback, et al. on behalf of the 2019nCoV-302 Study Group

The WHO deserves more money for its core mission — and more respect

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Nature
Volume 602 Issue 7895, 3 February 2022
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/601/issues/7894

 

Editorial | 01 February 2022
The WHO deserves more money for its core mission — and more respect
After decades of neglect, the World Health Organization needs to be properly funded. The United States is — wrongly — opposing a new funding plan. Other nations shouldn’t wait to adopt it.

Choosing drugs for UK COVID-19 treatment trials

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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Volume 21 Issue 2, February 2022
https://www.nature.com/nrd/volumes/21/issues/2

 

Comment | 07 December 2021
Choosing drugs for UK COVID-19 treatment trials
In 2020, the UK government funded a portfolio of platform trials to develop new treatments for COVID-19. A key feature was the independent prioritization of candidate drugs with central coordination to prevent duplication, accelerating recruitment to deliver definitive trial results. A similar approach could be used for non-communicable diseases where treatment advances have been limited.
Patrick F. Chinnery, Marion Bonnet, Tao You

Off-Label Prescription of COVID-19 Vaccines in Children: Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Issues

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Pediatrics
Volume 149, Issue 2, February 1, 2022
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/

 

Ethics Rounds
Off-Label Prescription of COVID-19 Vaccines in Children: Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Issues
Jennifer E. deSante-Bertkau, MD, MBE; Timothy K. Knilans, MD; Govind Persad, JD, PhD; Patricia J. Zettler, JD; Holly Fernandez Lynch, JD, MBE …
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the biologics license application for the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (Comirnaty) on August 23, 2021, opened the door to the off-label vaccination of children younger than the age range currently covered by either the biologics license application (16 years old and older) or the emergency use authorization (12 to 15 years old). Although prescribing medications at doses, for conditions, or in populations other than those approved by the FDA is generally legal and is common in pediatrics, the FDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Academy of Pediatrics have recommended against off-label prescription of the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Several commentaries consider a case in which parents ask their child’s pediatrician to prescribe the vaccine for their 11-year-old with special health care needs before approval or authorization in her age group. The first commentary considers the potential benefits and risks to the patient, as well as to the family, the provider, and society, emphasizing the unknown risks in younger patients and the need for adequate informed consent. The second commentary describes an algorithm and principles for evaluating off-label prescribing and argues that the current benefits of prescribing Comirnaty off label to children <12 do not outweigh the risks. The third commentary addresses ethical and legal issues, ultimately calling on federal agencies to remove legal barriers to making the vaccine available to children in age groups that currently lack authorization.

Acceptance rate and risk perception towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Botswana

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 05 Feb 2022]

 

Research Article
Acceptance rate and risk perception towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Botswana
Lebapotswe B. Tlale, Lesego Gabaitiri, Lorato K. Totolo, Gomolemo Smith, Orapeleng Puswane-Katse, Eunice Ramonna, Basego Mothowaeng, John Tlhakanelo, Tiny Masupe, Goabaone Rankgoane-Pono, John Irige, Faith Mafa, Samuel Kolane
Research Article | published 04 Feb 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263375

People’s perceptions of, willingness-to-take preventive remedies and their willingness-to-vaccinate during times of heightened health threats

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 05 Feb 2022]

 

People’s perceptions of, willingness-to-take preventive remedies and their willingness-to-vaccinate during times of heightened health threats
Angela Bearth, Anne Berthold, Michael Siegrist
Research Article | published 02 Feb 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263351

Comparing the impact of vaccination strategies on the spread of COVID-19, including a novel household-targeted vaccination strategy

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 05 Feb 2022]

 

Comparing the impact of vaccination strategies on the spread of COVID-19, including a novel household-targeted vaccination strategy
André Voigt, Stig Omholt, Eivind Almaas
Research Article | published 02 Feb 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263155

Compounding inequalities: Adolescent psychosocial wellbeing and resilience among refugee and host communities in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 05 Feb 2022]

 

Compounding inequalities: Adolescent psychosocial wellbeing and resilience among refugee and host communities in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic
Nicola Jones, Sarah Baird, Bassam Abu Hamad, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Erin Oakley, Manisha Shah, Jude Sajdi, Kathryn M. Yount
Research Article | published 02 Feb 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261773

Modeling for COVID-19 college reopening decisions: Cornell, a case study

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PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
January 11, 2022; vol. 119 no. 2
https://www.pnas.org/content/119/2

 

Applied Mathematics
Open Access
Modeling for COVID-19 college reopening decisions: Cornell, a case study
Peter I. Frazier, J. Massey Cashore, Ning Duan, Shane G. Henderson, Alyf Janmohamed, Brian Liu, David B. Shmoys, Jiayue Wan, and Yujia Zhang
PNAS January 11, 2022 119 (2) e2112532119; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2112532119

Intersectional inequalities in science

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PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
January 11, 2022; vol. 119 no. 2
https://www.pnas.org/content/119/2

 

Social Sciences
Open Access
Intersectional inequalities in science
Diego Kozlowski, Vincent Larivière, Cassidy R. Sugimoto, and Thema Monroe-White
PNAS January 11, 2022 119 (2) e2113067119; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113067119
Significance
The US scientific workforce is not representative of the population. Barriers to entry and participation have been well-studied; however, few have examined the effect of these disparities on the advancement of science. Furthermore, most studies have looked at either race or gender, failing to account for the intersection of these variables. Our analysis utilizes millions of scientific papers to study the relationship between scientists and the science they produce. We find a strong relationship between the characteristics of scientists and their research topics, suggesting that diversity changes the scientific portfolio with consequences for career advancement for minoritized individuals. Science policies should consider this relationship to increase equitable participation in the scientific workforce and thereby improve the robustness of science.

Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on preventive health services in Brazil

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Preventive Medicine
Volume 155 February 2022
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/155/suppl/C

 

Research article Full text access
Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on preventive health services in Brazil
Mayra Monteiro de Oliveira, Trevon L. Fuller, Claudia R. Gabaglia, Mary Catherine Cambou, … Karin Nielsen-Saines
Article 106914

Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine effectiveness against Sars-Cov-2 infection: Findings from a large observational study in Israel

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Preventive Medicine
Volume 155 February 2022
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/155/suppl/C

 

Research article Full text access
Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine effectiveness against Sars-Cov-2 infection: Findings from a large observational study in Israel
Yaki Saciuk, Jennifer Kertes, Micha Mandel, Beatriz Hemo, … Anat Ekka Zohar
Article 106947