Volume 18 Issue 4, August 2021
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ctja/18/4
Recruitment and Retention
Effectiveness of participant recruitment strategies for critical care trials: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Timia Raven-Gregg, Fiona Wood, Victoria Shepherd
First Published February 2, 2021; pp. 436–448
Developing World Bioethics
Volume 21, Issue 2 June 2021
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14718847/current
Special Issue: Conscientious objection to termination of pregnancy in the global south: legal and ethical challenges
Issue Edited by: Anita Kleinsmidt
The European Journal of Public Health
SUPPLEMENT – Volume 31, Issue Supplement_1, July 2021
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/31/Supplement_1
Supplement: E-Mental-Health: Exploring the Evidence Base and Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Mental Health Conditions
Mental illness represents an enormous personal, social and societal burden for European citizens1 calling for the need to expand existing models of mental healthcare delivery. In Europe, the Internet is a key source of health information,2 and technology-enhanced (psychological) interventions such as Internet- and mobile-delivered applications (‘eHealth’3 and ‘m-Health’4) have become increasingly popular and studied. There is already strong evidence of the efficacy of online interventions for the prevention and treatment of several psychological disorders5,6 and meta-analyses show effect sizes similar to face-to-face interventions.7
Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Conflict and COVID-19 in Yemen: beyond the humanitarian crisis
Yemen has been left in shambles and almost destroyed by its devastating civil war, and is now having to deal with the spread of coronavirus. The Yemeni people have been are left to fend for themselves and face…
Authors: Mohammed Alsabri, Ayman Alhadheri, Luai M. Alsakkaf and Jennifer Cole
Citation: Globalization and Health 2021 17:83
Content type: Commentary
Published on: 22 July 2021
Health Affairs
Vol. 40, No. 7 July 2021
https://www.healthaffairs.org/toc/hlthaff/current
July 2021 | Borders, Immigrants & Health
About one in seven residents of the US is an immigrant, and about fifteen million people live within 100 kilometers of the US-Mexico border. Disparities in health status exist between people born in the US and those who have immigrated. Immigration policy has been contentious throughout US history, and current policies in the US and Mexico have significant effects on the health and well-being of tens of millions of people. This thematic issue of Health Affairs focuses on immigrants and borders. The overview article by Arturo Vargas Bustamante and coauthors describes a range of health policy issues raised by the continuously shifting demography of US immigrants.
Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Rethinking approaches of science, technology, and innovation in healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: the challenge of translating knowledge infrastructures to public needs
Authors: Renan Gonçalves Leonel da Silva, Roger Chammas and Hillegonda Maria Dutilh Novaes
Content type: Commentary
21 July 2021
Introduction
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed how we understand and approach problems in science, technology, and innovation (ST&I) in health in contemporary society. The current situation has produced specific demands for health systems, and an inconvenient paradox has become visible: we have never had such a supply of qualified scientific and technological knowledge infrastructures in health and biomedical sciences, but at the same time a viable translation of this knowledge to public health systems has shown itself flawed and inefficient. This paradox raises questions about what has brought us to this inconvenient reality, and the importance of paying greater attention to the mechanisms of governance and implementation of ST&I in public health in a more systemic way.
Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 79, May 2021
https://odihpn.org/magazine/inclusion-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-humanitarian-action-what-now/
Localisation and local humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange is localisation+ and local humanitarian action. Five years ago this week, donors, United Nations (UN) agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) committed within the Grand Bargain to increase multi-year investments in the institutional capacities of local and national responders, and to provide at least 25% of humanitarian funding to them as directly as possible. Since then, there is increasing consensus at policy and normative level, underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic, that local leadership should be supported. Localisation has gone from a fringe conversation among policy-makers and aid agencies in 2016 to a formal priority under the Grand Bargain. Wider global movements on anti-racism and decolonisation have also brought new momentum to critical reflections on where power, knowledge and capacity reside in the humanitarian system. Yet progress has been slow and major gaps remain between the rhetoric around humanitarian partnerships, funding and coordination and practices on the ground.
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Multi-level determinants of failure to receive timely and complete measles vaccinations in Southwest China: a mixed methods study
Authors: Xian-Yan Tang, Man Cheng, Alan Geater, Qiu-Yun Deng, Ge Zhong, Yue-Dong Lin, Ning Chen, Tao Lan, Long-Yan Jiang, Man-Tong Zhu and Qiao Li
Content type: Research Article
22 July 2021
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
July 2021 Volume 108 p1-616
https://www.ijidonline.com/current
COVID-19 Collection
An analysis of COVID-19 vaccine sentiments and opinions on Twitter
Samira Yousefinaghani, Rozita Dara, Samira Mubareka, Andrew Papadopoulos, Shayan Sharif
Published online: May 27, 2021
p256-262
JAMA
July 20, 2021, Vol 326, No. 3, Pages 207-286
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue
Special Communication
Guidelines for Reporting Trial Protocols and Completed Trials Modified Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Extenuating CircumstancesThe CONSERVE 2021 Statement
Aaron M. Orkin, MD, MSc, MPH; Peter J. Gill, MD, DPhil; Davina Ghersi, MD, PhD; et al.
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(3):257-265. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.9941
This Special Communication describes CONSERVE, a guideline developed to improve the transparency, quality, and completeness of reporting of trials and trial protocols that undergo important modifications in response to extenuating circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
JAMA
July 20, 2021, Vol 326, No. 3, Pages 207-286
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue
Viewpoint
Sharing Technology and Vaccine Doses to Address Global Vaccine Inequity and End the COVID-19 Pandemic
Matthew M. Kavanagh, PhD; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD; Madhavi Sunder, JD
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(3):219-220. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.10823
This Viewpoint offers 3 strategies to address inequity in pandemic vaccine response: surge funding, increased funding, and an agreement to share technology and allow countries to waive intellectual property rights in global public health emergencies.
JAMA
July 20, 2021, Vol 326, No. 3, Pages 207-286
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue
Ethical Considerations of Offering Benefits to COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients
Govind Persad, JD, PhD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(3):221-222. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11045
This Viewpoint discusses why offering incentives for COVID-19 vaccination is not only ethical, but an important tool in increasing vaccine uptake, which benefits society as a whole.
JAMA Network
COVID-19 Update July 24, 2021
These articles on COVID-19 were published across the JAMA Network in the last week.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved (JHCPU)
Volume 32, Number 2, May 2021 Supplement
https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/44396
Table of Contents
Overview of the Issue
Kevin B. Johnson, Tiffani J. Bright, Cheryl R. Clark
…The importance of techquity—defined as the strategic development and deployment of technology in health care and health to advance health equity—was even more apparent after the events of 2020. COVID-19 upended access to care and illuminated the impact of structural racism as a cause for a widening gap of access during the pandemic. Black Lives Matter became more than a trending hashtag on Twitter, or a movement resulting in peaceful protests and calls for policy reform: it put additional focus on the issue of race as a social and not a biological construct and called into question the rationale for common practices in health care that were triggered by race. A notable example was the emerging realization that kidney function assessment was tied to race and hardwired into many of our electronic health records. The real-world evidence around our lack of techquity was incontrovertible.
This Supplemental Issue of JHCPU provides articles that describe challenges to techquity, frameworks to improve the role of technology in care, and examples of how technology can transform health, public health, and health care…
Journal of Pediatrics
August 2021 Volume 235 p1-306
http://www.jpeds.com/current
Original Articles
Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccines Decreased Acute Otitis Media Burden: A Population-Based Study in Israel
Tal Marom, Sagi Tshori, Galit Shefer, Jacob Pitaro
Published online: April 21, 2021
p233-238.e3
The Lancet
Jul 17, 2021 Volume 398 Number 10296 p185-276, e7
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current
Comment
Five priorities for universal COVID-19 vaccination
Adrien Abecassis
… On May 6, 2021, the Paris Peace Forum (PPF), an international platform dedicated to global governance, convened a high-level meeting, which included government officials and G20 sherpas to heads of states and governments, public health leaders, and members of non-governmental organisations and foundations from 15 countries, to deliberate on how to get closer to universal COVID-19 vaccination in a limited time. The group identified five priorities…
Nature
Volume 595 Issue 7868, 22 July 2021
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/595/issues/7868
Article | 27 May 2021
BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific T cells in humans
In a phase-I/II trial in healthy adults, the BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific T cells against SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that are conserved in a wide range of currently circulating variants.
Ugur Sahin, Alexander Muik…Özlem Türeci
New England Journal of Medicine
July 22, 2021 Vol. 385 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal
Original Articles
Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines M.G. Thompson and Others
PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 24 Jul 2021)
Evidence-informed policy for tackling adverse climate change effects on health: Linking regional and global assessments of science to catalyse action
Robin Fears, Khairul Annuar B. Abdullah, Claudia Canales-Holzeis, Deoraj Caussy, Andy Haines, Sherilee L. Harper, Jeremy N. McNeil, Johanna Mogwitz, Volker ter Meulen
Policy Forum | published 20 Jul 2021 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003719
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
Review
Addressing antimicrobial resistance by improving access and quality of care—A review of the literature from East Africa
Kathrin Loosli, Alicia Davis, Adrian Muwonge, Tiziana Lembo
| published 22 Jul 2021 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009529
PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Ethical review of COVID-19 research in the Netherlands; a mixed-method evaluation among medical research ethics committees and investigators
R. IJkema, M. J. P. A. Janssens, J. A. M. van der Post, C. M. Licht
Research Article | published 23 Jul 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255040
PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Retraction: Tracking COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and logistical challenges: A machine learning approach
Shantanu Dutta, Ashok Kumar, Moumita Dutta, Caolan Walsh
Retraction | published 22 Jul 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255347
PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Collective insights of public-private partnership impacts and sustainability: A qualitative analysis
Sheryl Strasser, Christine Stauber, Ritu Shrivastava, Patricia Riley, Karen O’Quin
Research Article | published 20 Jul 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254495
PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Association of Tdap vaccine guidelines with vaccine uptake during pregnancy
Julia D. DiTosto, Rebecca E. Weiss, Lynn M. Yee, Nevert Badreldin
Research Article | published 19 Jul 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254863
PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 24 Jul 2021]
Modeling vaccination strategies in an Excel spreadsheet: Increasing the rate of vaccination is more effective than increasing the vaccination coverage for containing COVID-19
Mario Moisés Alvarez, Sergio Bravo-González, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
Research Article | published 19 Jul 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254430
PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 20, 2021; vol. 118 no. 29
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/29
Letters
Open Access
Optimal vaccination age varies across countries
Héctor Pifarré i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, and Mikko Myrskylä
PNAS July 20, 2021 118 (29) e2105987118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105987118
PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 20, 2021; vol. 118 no. 29
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/29
Transmission dynamics are crucial to COVID-19 vaccination policy
Jonathan Dushoff, Caroline Colijn, David J. D. Earn, and Benjamin M. Bolker
PNAS July 20, 2021 118 (29) e2105878118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105878118
PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 20, 2021; vol. 118 no. 29
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/29
Reply to Dushoff et al. and Pifarré i Arolas et al.: Age prioritization for COVID-19 vaccination does save lives and years of life
Joshua R. Goldstein, Thomas Cassidy, and Kenneth W. Wachter
PNAS July 20, 2021 118 (29) e2107654118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107654118
PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
July 20, 2021; vol. 118 no. 29
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/29
Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
Open Access
Transparent communication about negative features of COVID-19 vaccines decreases acceptance but increases trust
Michael Bang Petersen, Alexander Bor, Frederik Jørgensen, and Marie Fly Lindholt
PNAS July 20, 2021 118 (29) e2024597118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024597118
Research Ethics
Volume 17 Issue 3, July 2021
http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/reab/current
Editorial
Research integrity: emphasising our commitment
Stuart G. Nicholls
First Published July 19, 2021
It is just over a year since the editors of this journal announced a broadening of the remit for submission. In doing so they made an explicit commitment to supporting work that examines research integrity issues. Furthering this commitment, we announce that Dr Edward Dove has joined Research Ethics as Associate Editor, with a focus on overseeing manuscripts that concern research integrity and/or misconduct matters.
As detailed in the previous editorial, research integrity is a counterpart to research ethics. Where research ethics focuses more on research governance at the programme or study level, research integrity takes as its focus the researcher themselves, emphasising the values and virtues of those conducting research. The Canadian Council of Academies research integrity framework, for example, articulates values of honesty, fairness, trust, accountability and openness as being key to research integrity (Davenport et al., 2010). A concrete example of efforts to improve research integrity is seen through the push for Open Science and research reporting guidelines (Glasziou et al., 2014; Nicholls et al., 2016). The use of reporting guidelines to facilitate more transparent and complete publication practices promotes what Masic (2012) calls ‘intellectual honesty’; being straightforward in description of the research process. When reporting guidelines are combined with what O’Neill (2002) has described as the ‘audit agenda’ and the ‘openness agenda’, the completeness and transparency of reporting can be assessed through peer review more easily. This, in turn, promotes trust in research findings and reporting, and ultimately the research process.
Research integrity is at the core of several papers in this issue. For instance, in their study of ethical issues in internet research and research using online data, Stommel and de Rijk examine how ethical issues are reported, and in what ways, as well as the steps that authors take to protect the privacy of the sources of publicly available online data. They note that almost two thirds of the 132 articles they examined did not report ethical considerations yet commonly took steps to anonymise data. Notably, the discussion of ethical issues was highly variable with discrepancies between ethics principles in theory and in practice.
Online platforms also feature in the work of Littler and Joy, although their focus is on the use of social media for research recruitment, specifically within LGBTQ communities. Littler and Joy examine the researcher role as gatekeepers. They reflect on what they have learned from their experience of negative hate speech posted in response to recruitment adverts on social media, and the impact it has on them as researchers. They conclude that it is incumbent upon researchers to become experts in the use and misuse of social media if they are to use these platforms for recruitment in research.
The impact of research on the researchers themselves, is also picked up by Podschuweit, who reports on quantitative covert observational research and the processes they employed to help student researchers deal with their personal discomfort in observing personal interactions. The findings show how mentally stressful covert observations can be for the student observers and suggestions are made for preparing students appropriately.
Finally, Reid et al. report on the development of a toolkit for global researchers designed to help navigate ethical challenges that they face when conducting research. They note that sharing experiences is an all too rare activity that is not generally encouraged within the competitive academic environment. Foundational to their work is the view that research integrity and research ethics matters are ongoing throughout the study, and not just about gaining ethics approval. The authors offer the 4P (place, people, principles and precedent) framework as a guiding structure to assist researchers approach ethical dilemmas that occur outside of the ethics approval process.
We hope that this collection of papers, as well as the other excellent manuscripts included in this issue, inspire readers to continue to examine and publish on matters of research integrity. We look forward to welcoming these at Research Ethics.
Science
23 July 2021 Vol 373, Issue 6553
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
Editorial
Colleges need vaccine mandates
By H. Holden Thorp
Summary
Finally, in the United States, colleges and universities are ramping up for a relatively normal school year. Most pandemic restrictions have been lifted and—barring any unforeseen new coronavirus variants—parents and students will soon be pulling up to residence halls and unloading their belongings. At many schools in “blue” states, there will be a great deal of confidence that good times are on the horizon as everyone there will have shown proof of vaccination against COVID-19. But for some public universities in “red” states, where vaccine mandates are not permitted, an aura of uncertainty will hang over the campus and the local community, a foreboding sense that another outbreak could be at hand.
Science
23 July 2021 Vol 373, Issue 6553
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
In-Depth
WHO chief pressures China on pandemic origin
By Jon Cohen
Science23 Jul 2021 : 378 Restricted Access
Agency director calls for lab audits and more studies of how SARS-CoV-2 emerged.
Summary
In a sharp tightening of the diplomatic screws, the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, is urging China to increase its transparency about the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic and allow greater access to its labs to help resolve the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Tedros also says WHO will create a new body to conduct the next phase of studies into the emergence of the virus, an unexpected move that concerns some scientists, including at least one member of an existing mission the agency organized to study COVID-19’s origin. Tedros called for more aggressively probing the two leading theories of how SARS-CoV-2 first infected humans and then emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019: that the virus made a natural “zoonotic” jump from an unknown animal species into humans or, more controversially, that it first infected a human during laboratory or field studies of coronaviruses found in animals. (An even more contentious theory suggests the virus was genetically engineered in a Wuhan lab.)
Science Translational Medicine
21 July 2021 Vol 13, Issue 603
https://stm.sciencemag.org/
Research Articles
The antimalarial MMV688533 provides potential for single-dose cures with a high barrier to Plasmodium falciparum parasite resistance
By James M. Murithi, Cécile Pascal, Jade Bath, Xavier Boulenc, Nina F. Gnädig, Charisse Flerida A. Pasaje, Kelly Rubiano, Tomas Yeo, Sachel Mok, Sylvie Klieber, Paul Desert, María Belén Jiménez-Díaz, Jutta Marfurt, Mélanie Rouillier, Mohammed H. Cherkaoui-Rbati, Nathalie Gobeau, Sergio Wittlin, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Ric N. Price, Grennady Wirjanata, Rintis Noviyanti, Patrick Tumwebaze, Roland A. Cooper, Philip J. Rosenthal, Laura M. Sanz, Francisco Javier Gamo, Jayan Joseph, Shivendra Singh, Sridevi Bashyam, Jean Michel Augereau, Elie Giraud, Tanguy Bozec, Thierry Vermat, Gilles Tuffal, Jean-Michel Guillon, Jérôme Menegotto, Laurent Sallé, Guillaume Louit, Marie-José Cabanis, Marie Françoise Nicolas, Michel Doubovetzky, Rita Merino, Nadir Bessila, Iñigo Angulo-Barturen, Delphine Baud, Lidiya Bebrevska, Fanny Escudié, Jacquin C. Niles, Benjamin Blasco, Simon Campbell, Gilles Courtemanche, Laurent Fraisse, Alain Pellet, David A. Fidock, Didier Leroy
Science Translational Medicine21 Jul 2021 Full Access
We report an acylguanidine preclinical candidate with pharmacological features compatible with single low-dose malaria cure.
Antimalarial advance
The need for antimalarial drugs is urgent in the face of growing resistance to existing therapies. Murithi et al. characterized MMV688533, an acylguanidine identified from compounds inhibiting known human drug targets that were screened for activity against Plasmodium falciparum. MMV688533 showed rapid in vitro killing of multiple P. falciparum strains as well as P. vivax. A single dose of MMV688533 rapidly reduced parasitemia in a P. falciparum NSG mouse model of infection, and this agent displayed favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. MMV688533 selected for only low-grade resistance, with resistant parasites remaining sensitive to existing antimalarials. These findings suggest that MMV688533 is a promising antimalarial candidate with a low resistance risk and the promise of a single-dose cure, which merits further study.
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
Commentaries
Discussion No access
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Lessons from Israel
David Gurwitz
Pages 3785-3786
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
HPV vaccine: Expanding indications and global disparity
Christina Uwins, Sunu Cyriac, Geetu Bhandoria
Pages 3787-3789
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
Review article Abstract only
Methodologic approaches in studies using real-world data (RWD) to measure pediatric safety and effectiveness of vaccines administered to pregnant women: A scoping review
Tamar Lasky, Ann W. McMahon, Wei Hua, Richard Forshee
Pages 3814-3824
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
Review article Open access
Health inequities related to vaccination: An evidence map of potentially influential factors and systematic review of interventions
Allison Gates, Sholeh Rahman, Shannon Sim, Jennifer Pillay, … Lisa Hartling
Pages 3825-3833
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
Research article Abstract only
Optimising HPV vaccination communication to adolescents: A discrete choice experiment
Sandra Chyderiotis, Jonathan Sicsic, Jocelyn Raude, Isabelle Bonmarin, … Judith E. Mueller
Pages 3916-3925
Vaccine
Volume 39, Issue 29 Pages 3785-4012 (29 June 2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/39/issue/29
Research article Abstract only
Association of vaccine hesitancy and immunization coverage rates in the European Union
Florian Stoeckel, Charlie Carter, Benjamin A. Lyons, Jason Reifler
Pages 3935-3939
Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
Open Access Article
Examining Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of the Knowledge and Attitudes among Adults to Receive COVID-19 Vaccines in Ghana
by Theophilus Acheampong et al
Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080814 – 22 Jul 2021
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 vaccination programmes on disease transmission, morbidity and mortality relies heavily on the population’s willingness to accept the vaccine. We explore Ghanaian adult citizens’ vaccine hesitancy attitudes and identify the likelihood of participation or non-participation in the government’s effort to […
Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
Open Access Article
Who Is Willing to Get Vaccinated? A Study into the Psychological, Socio-Demographic, and Cultural Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions
by Giuliani Mattia et al
Vaccines 2021, 9(8), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080810 – 21 Jul 2021
Abstract
Crucial to the success of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the rate of people who adhere to it. This study aimed to investigate the reasons underlying people’s willingness to get vaccinated in a sample of Italian adults, considering the effects of different individual […]
Value in Health
July 2021 Volume 24 Issue 7 p917-1088
https://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current
POLICY PERSPECTIVE
Measuring Attitudes About Genomic Medicine: Validation of the Genomic Orientation Scale (GO Scale)
Caroline Horrow, Joel E. Pacyna, Minji K. Lee, Richard R. Sharp
Published online: April 02, 2021
p1030-1037
Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.
The sheer volume of vaccine and pandemic-related coverage is extraordinary. We will strive to present the most substantive analysis and commentary we encounter.
The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Ideas
Vaccinated America Has Had Enough
In the United States, this pandemic could be almost over by now. The reasons it’s still going are pretty clear.
By David Frum
BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
[No new, unique, relevant content]
The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Asia
Australia’s covid-19 strategy is being tested
The Delta variant combined with a low vaccination rate is causing trouble
July 24, 2021
No vaccine? No problem
Kazakhstan is awash in fake vaccination passports
Corruption helps spread covid-19
July 24, 2021
PEOPLE TEND to join dating apps to find love. But social-media users in Kazakhstan swipe right for less romantic services. On an array of platforms hustlers now do a roaring trade in fake vaccination documents.
“Vaccination passport without the vaccination” is how one account offers to register you in Kazakhstan’s e-government system…
Financial Times
https://www.ft.com/
Covid-19 vaccines
AstraZeneca admits ‘complicated’ Thai vaccine production launch
July 24, 2021
Coronavirus latest
Tennessee to restart vaccine outreach to teens following backlash
July 24, 2021
Coronavirus latest:
Iranian supreme leader receives second dose of domestically made vaccine
July 23, 2021
Forbes
https://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Jul 23, 2021
‘They’ve Seen The Lord’: Biden Praises GOP Governors For ‘Altar Call’ On Vaccines
By Andrew Solender Forbes Staff
Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
[No new, unique, relevant content]
Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Argument
Vaccines Are Japan’s New Tool to Counter China
Despite its worsening pandemic, Tokyo’s vaccine diplomacy has gained traction.
Argument | Samuel Ramani July 23, 2021, 2:43 PM
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Letter from Biden’s Washington
Suddenly, (Some) Republicans Are All In on the Vaccine
The new G.O.P. politics of the pandemic follow the grim new math of the coronavirus for Red America.
By Susan B. Glasser
July 22, 2021
Annals of Medicine
Coexisting with the Coronavirus
COVID-19 is likely to become an endemic disease. How will our immune systems resist it?
By Katherine S. Xue
July 21, 2021
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
World
Large Covid-related protests hit France, Italy and Australia.
Protesters’ targets include mandatory health passes in France and Italy, and lockdowns in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide.
By Aurelien Breeden July 24 2021
World
Hospitalized with Covid, a conservative Tennessee radio host shifts his message to urge vaccinations.
Phil Valentine is currently one of hundreds of Covid patients in Tennessee, which has seen a 77 percent increase in hospitalizations over the past two weeks.
By Jesus Jiménez
PRINT EDITION July 25, 2021
De Blasio Urges New York Businesses to Require Employee Vaccinations
The debate over mandates is intensifying as the highly contagious Delta variant of the coronavirus surges in many parts of the United States.
By Michael Gold, Emma G. Fitzsimmons and Michael D. Shear
PRINT EDITION |July 24, 2021, Page A1
Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
[No new, unique, relevant content]
Think Tanks et al
Brookings [to 24 Jul 2021]
http://www.brookings.edu/
Africa in Focus
What lessons can Africa learn from India’s COVID-19 crisis?
Jamie MacLeod, Vera Songwe, Stephen Karingi, Hopestone Chavula, Jean Paul Boketsu Bofili, Sokunpanha You, and Veerawin Su
Friday, July 23, 2021
Brown Center Chalkboard
6 priorities for future research into COVID-19 and its effects on early learning
Christina Weiland, Erica Greenberg, Daphna Bassok, Anna Markowitz, Paola Guerrero Rosada, and Grace Luetmer
Tuesday, July 20, 2021
Center for Global Development [to 24 Jul 2021]
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Publication
[No new digest content identified]
Chatham House [to 24 Jul 2021]
https://www.chathamhouse.org/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
[No new digest content identified]
CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 24 Jul 2021
Upcoming Event
A Conversation with Dr. Anthony Fauci
August 2, 2021
Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
July 21, 2021 News Release
Disparities in Global Vaccination Progress Are Large and Growing, With Low-Income Countries and Those in Africa Lagging Behind
A new KFF analysis finds that only 1% of those in low-income countries have received at least one vaccine dose compared to 51% in high-income countries, highlighting the substantial vaccine inequities around the world. The analysis examines these inequities by country income level and by region, finding large differences for each.
By region, Africa has the lowest coverage (2%) while Europe has the highest (40%), followed by the Americas (39%) and the Western Pacific (37%).
At the current pace of vaccinations, low-income countries are unlikely to meet the global vaccine targets set by the World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and World Bank of 40% coverage by the end of 2021, and 60% by mid-2022. Low-income countries would need to increase their daily vaccination rate by nearly 19 times to reach 40% coverage by the end of 2021. And while the Western Pacific, Europe, the Americas, and South-East Asia are ahead of schedule for reaching these vaccination goals, Africa would need to increase its rate of first dose administration by 8 times to reach 40% by the end of 2021.
The new analysis digs deeper into the growing equity gap and what this trend means for the future of global COVID-19 vaccination efforts…
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review is a weekly digest summarizing news, events, announcements, peer-reviewed articles and research in the global vaccine ethics and policy space. Content is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industry sources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base of themes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustive in its coverage. You are viewing the blog version of our weekly digest, typically comprised of between 30 and 40 posts below all dated with the current issue date
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David R. Curry, MS
Executive Director
Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy
Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research
COVID-19 pandemic leads to major backsliding on childhood vaccinations, new WHO, UNICEF data shows
23 million children missed out on basic childhood vaccines through routine health services in 2020, the highest number since 2009 and 3.7 million more than in 2019
GENEVA/NEW YORK, 15 July 2021 — 23 million children missed out on basic vaccines through routine immunization services in 2020 – 3.7 million more than in 2019 – according to official data published today by WHO and UNICEF. This latest set of comprehensive worldwide childhood immunization figures, the first official figures to reflect global service disruptions due to COVID-19, show a majority of countries last year experienced drops in childhood vaccination rates.
Concerningly, most of these – up to 17 million children – likely did not receive a single vaccine during the year, widening already immense inequities in vaccine access. Most of these children live in communities affected by conflict, in under-served remote places, or in informal or slum settings where they face multiple deprivations including limited access to basic health and key social services.
“Even as countries clamour to get their hands on COVID-19 vaccines, we have gone backwards on other vaccinations, leaving children at risk from devastating but preventable diseases like measles, polio or meningitis,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “Multiple disease outbreaks would be catastrophic for communities and health systems already battling COVID-19, making it more urgent than ever to invest in childhood vaccination and ensure every child is reached.”
In all regions, rising numbers of children miss vital first vaccine doses in 2020; millions more miss later vaccines
Disruptions in immunization services were widespread in 2020, with the WHO Southeast Asian and Eastern Mediterranean Regions most affected. As access to health services and immunization outreach were curtailed, the number of children not receiving even their very first vaccinations increased in all regions. As compared with 2019, 3.5 million more children missed their first dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DTP-1) while 3 million more children missed their first measles dose.
“This evidence should be a clear warning – the COVID-19 pandemic and related disruptions cost us valuable ground we cannot afford to lose – and the consequences will be paid in the lives and wellbeing of the most vulnerable,” said Henrietta Fore, UNICEF Executive Director. “Even before the pandemic, there were worrying signs that we were beginning to lose ground in the fight to immunize children against preventable child illness, including with the widespread measles outbreaks two years ago. The pandemic has made a bad situation worse. With the equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines at the forefront of everyone’s minds, we must remember that vaccine distribution has always been inequitable, but it does not have to be.”…
…“These are alarming numbers, suggesting the pandemic is unravelling years of progress in routine immunization and exposing millions of children to deadly, preventable diseases”, said Dr Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. “This is a wake-up call – we cannot allow a legacy of COVID-19 to be the resurgence of measles, polio and other killers. We all need to work together to help countries both defeat COVID-19, by ensuring global, equitable access to vaccines, and get routine immunization programmes back on track. The future health and wellbeing of millions of children and their communities across the globe depends on it.”
Concerns are not just for outbreak-prone diseases. Already at low rates, vaccinations against human papillomavirus (HPV) – which protect girls against cervical cancer later in life – have been highly affected by school closures. As a result, across countries that have introduced HPV vaccine to date, approximately 1.6 million more girls missed out in 2020. Globally only 13 per cent of girls were vaccinated against HPV, falling from 15 per cent in 2019.
Agencies call for urgent recovery and investment in routine immunization
As countries work to recover lost ground due to COVID-19 related disruptions, UNICEF, WHO and partners like Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance are supporting efforts to strengthen immunization systems by:
Restoring services and vaccination campaigns so countries can safely deliver routine immunization programmes during the COVID-19 pandemic;
Helping health workers and community leaders communicate actively with caregivers to explain the importance of vaccinations;
Rectifying gaps in immunization coverage, including identifying communities and people who have been missed during the pandemic.
Ensuring that COVID-19 vaccine delivery is independently planned for and financed and that it occurs alongside, and not at the cost of childhood vaccination services.
Implementing country plans to prevent and respond to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, and strengthen immunization systems as part of COVID-19 recovery efforts
The agencies are working with countries and partners to deliver the ambitious targets of the global Immunization Agenda 2030, which aims to achieve 90% coverage for essential childhood vaccines; halve the number of entirely unvaccinated, or ‘zero dose’ children, and increase the uptake of newer lifesaving vaccines such as rotavirus or pneumococcus in low and middle-income countries.
Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research
COVAX
CEPI launches COVAX Marketplace to match buyers and sellers of critical manufacturing supplies and speed up global access to COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX
15 July 2021, Oslo, Norway – The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and COVAX partners are launching an innovative ‘marketplace’ to accelerate the global production of COVID-19 vaccine doses for COVAX by matching suppliers of critical inputs with vaccine manufacturers who urgently need them to produce vaccines for fair and equitable distribution through COVAX. This initiative is a key deliverable of the COVAX Manufacturing Task Force, which is co-led by COVAX and industry partners [1].
In the past year unprecedented efforts by vaccine manufacturers and suppliers of vaccine components have aimed to triple previous annual vaccine output, scaling up to produce an estimated 11 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2021 [2,3]. As a result of this historic scaling up, bottlenecks are affecting the global supply chain leading to acute shortages of vital supplies which are preventing COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers from operating at full capacity. This is delaying vaccine production and contributing to inequity.
The new COVAX Marketplace announced today is designed to address short-term bottlenecks by facilitating access to supplies needed to produce COVID-19 vaccines intended for distribution through COVAX. It will provide a secure platform for vaccine manufacturers and suppliers of critical inputs to confidentially indicate their needs or available supplies to CEPI, in its role as facilitator. CEPI will identify matching offers and requests and connect potential matches, prioritising based on objective criteria including whether the manufacturer has a COVAX advance purchase agreement and WHO EUL in place, as well as dose volumes and delivery timings. Future versions of the Marketplace may include supplies required to manufacture other lifesaving therapies and vaccines which are also being affected by current global supply shortages.
The Marketplace is expected to improve the free flow of critical COVID-19 vaccine supplies by:
Providing suppliers with a platform to allocate and reallocate unused materials.
Mobilizing idle stock from vaccines and candidates that fail prior to gaining regulatory approval – as well as from those that might scale down their production in the future.
Mobilizing potential surplus stock from manufacturers with non-vaccine activities.
Vaccine manufacturing processes are highly complex and expanding manufacturing capacity requires managing intricate cross-border supply chains frequently involving more than 100 components. Participants will be able to offer and request any materials required for vaccine production through the COVAX Marketplace, but it will initially focus on six categories of supplies which have been identified as critical: bioreactor bags, single use assemblies, cell culture media, filters, lipids, vials and stoppers.
Towards a scalable Marketplace platform
The COVAX Marketplace launching today is an initial version which aims to respond quickly to immediate market needs and bottlenecks. It will launch with approximately 10 – 15 participants, comprising COVAX vaccine manufacturers and suppliers of the key materials which have been identified as being most urgently needed. In parallel, in consultation with stakeholders CEPI is urgently exploring extending the Marketplace to include additional participants such as vaccine manufacturers with unused inputs – including those with failed products – Contract Development and Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs), and pharmaceutical companies not currently involved in COVID-19 vaccine production. This would provide a platform to resolve supply bottlenecks which could extend beyond COVID-19 vaccines to other lifesaving therapies and vaccines which are being impacted by the current supply situation.
Prospective participants in the Marketplace are encouraged to visit the COVAX Marketplace webpage and submit an expression of interest at marketplace@cepi.net.
Dr Richard Hatchett, CEPI CEO, said: “Vaccine manufacturers have described the ways in which shortages of critical supplies have limited the speed and scale at which vaccines can be produced, which means many vaccine production lines haven’t been operating at full capacity. Optimizing the use of scarce resources that may otherwise be sitting idle – by matching buyers and sellers around the globe – could contribute to improving the global supply of vaccines through COVAX. The pandemic has led to extraordinary innovation in vaccine development and production, and the COVAX Marketplace is an example of how we must continue to look beyond business as usual to find pragmatic solutions to fixable problems – such as supply chain bottlenecks – so that we can urgently unlock more COVID-19 vaccine doses for COVAX.”…
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US-donated vaccine deliveries to Africa set to begin, with first deliveries planned to Burkina Faso, Djibouti, and Ethiopia
16 July 2021 – Following close collaboration between the African Union (AU)/ African Vaccine Acquisition Trust (AVAT), COVAX and the United States Government, AU Member States are set to receive approximately 25 million COVID-19 vaccines to enhance coverage across the continent – contributing to the AU target of vaccinating at least 60% of the African population. The shipments of these donated doses follow from the pledge made by President Biden, President of the United States of America in May to share 80 million doses globally.
The first shipments, planned for the coming days, will see nearly a million doses of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine delivered to Burkina Faso, Djibouti, and Ethiopia.
In total, approximately 25 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines will be made available to 49 African countries in the coming weeks. The African Union/Africa CDC, AVAT, AFreximbank, COVAX and the US Government have collaborated fully in this process and will continue to support countries’ access to COVID-19 vaccines and readiness for delivery…
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Gavi signs agreements with Sinopharm and Sinovac for immediate supply to COVAX
The signed advance purchase agreements will make doses available to COVAX starting from July to help address immediate and critical gaps in supply
Addition of the Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccines, which have already been granted WHO Emergency Use Listing (EUL), further diversifies the Gavi-managed COVAX Facility portfolio, which now includes 11 vaccines and vaccine candidates
Gavi CEO Seth Berkley: “I welcome today’s agreements, which will make doses immediately available to COVAX participants.”
Geneva, 12 July 2021 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance announced today that it had signed advance purchase agreements (APAs) with Sinopharm for its “BBIBP-CorV” inactivated virus vaccine against COVID-19 as well as with Sinovac for its inactivated virus vaccine against COVID-19, “CoronaVac”. The agreements, which come at a time when the Delta variant is posing a rising risk to health systems, will begin to make 110 million doses immediately available to participants of the COVAX Facility, with options for additional doses.
The Sinopharm APA enables Q3 supply, with Gavi committing to purchase, on behalf of the COVAX Facility, 60 million doses that will be made available from July through October 2021. In addition, Gavi has the option to purchase a further 60 million doses in Q4 2021 and 50 million more doses in the first half of 2022, if necessary. This equates to a potential total of 170 million doses of the Sinopharm vaccine that could be made available to self-financing participants of the Facility as well as participants supported by the Gavi COVAX Advance Market Commitment (AMC).
The Sinovac APA also enables Q3 supply, with Gavi committing to purchase, on behalf of the COVAX Facility, 50 million doses to be made available from July through September 2021. In addition, Gavi has the option to purchase a further 150 million doses in Q4 2021 and 180 million more doses in the first half of 2022. In total, up to 380 million potential doses of the Sinovac vaccine could be available to both self-financing participants of the Facility as well as those supported by the Gavi COVAX AMC.
“I welcome today’s agreements with Sinopharm and Sinovac, which will make doses immediately available to COVAX participants,” said Dr Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi. “This is yet another example of Gavi’s active portfolio management strategy, ensuring the Facility has options in the face of constraints such as supply delays. Thanks to this deal, and because these vaccines have already received WHO Emergency Use Listing, we can move to start supplying doses to countries immediately.”
Gavi and COVAX partners will now move quickly to ensure all the critical elements required before doses can be shipped – including official allocation by the Facility, UNICEF and PAHO procurement agreements, among others – are in place…
Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research
WHO SAGE Roadmap For Prioritizing Uses Of COVID-19 Vaccines In The Context Of Limited Supply
An approach to inform planning and subsequent recommendations based upon epidemiologic setting and vaccine supply scenarios
16 July 2021
Overview
Given the urgency and wide-ranging effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, SAGE has developed an approach to help inform deliberation around the range of recommendations that may be appropriate under different epidemiologic and vaccine supply conditions. To assist in developing recommendations for use of vaccines against COVID-19, SAGE proposes a Roadmap for Prioritizing Uses of COVID-19 Vaccines that considers priority populations for vaccination based on epidemiologic setting and vaccine supply scenarios. This Roadmap builds on the WHO SAGE values framework for the allocation and prioritization of COVID-19 vaccination.
(New version from 16 July 2021). https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1357250/retrieve
Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research
Carrying Equity in COVID-19 Vaccination Forward: Guidance Informed by Communities of Color
Publisher: The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
Authors: Brunson EK, Schoch-Spana M, Carnes M, Hosangadi D, Long R, Ravi S, Taylor M, Trotochaud M, Veenema TG, on behalf of the CommuniVax Coalition
Date posted: July 14, 2021 :: 71 pages
View full report (PDF)
Introduction:
Seven months into the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the United States, nearly 50% of the American population has been vaccinated. While this is a monumental accomplishment, there is still much work to do.
In the coming months, the country will face a series of vaccination challenges including serving groups with persistently low vaccine uptake (due to, for example, low/no access, vaccine hesitancy, or a combination of factors), expanding COVID-19 vaccination to children (particularly those whose parents may be less willing to vaccinate their children than to get vaccinated themselves), and orchestrating a potential booster dose campaign (with its own hesitancy issues). As the COVID-19 vaccination campaign continues, lessons from the vaccine rollout to date can help provide direction moving forward.
One challenge that deserves closer attention and more refined solutions is the campaign’s limited success at delivering vaccines to low-income persons and communities of color. During the pandemic, these populations have experienced significant physical, financial, and psychological harms at a disproportionate rate. The continued emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 virus variants and the resumption of routine social, commercial, and educational activities across the country amplify the risks that COVID-19 poses to these groups.
This report provides specific guidance on adapting COVID-19 vaccination efforts to achieve greater vaccine coverage in underserved populations and, through this, to develop sustainable, locally appropriate mechanisms to advance equity in health.
In the first half of the report, we outline findings from local, ethnographic research conducted within Black and Hispanic/Latino communities in Alabama, California, Idaho, Maryland, and Virginia. Since January, local research teams have been assessing community infrastructure; listening to community members, public health officials, and government leaders; and coordinating engagement activities to understand how best to promote awareness of, access to, and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines. In the second half of this report, we present the policy and practice implications of the local research. The Working Group on Equity in COVID-19 Vaccination—an advisory body of community advocates, public health experts, and social scientists—developed the recommendations, eliciting local team feedback.
Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research
COVID
Editor’s Note:
As is obvious to all, the sheer volume of strategic announcements, regulatory actions, country program decisions, commentary, and, indeed, misinformation around COVID response continues at extraordinary levels. Our weekly digest strives to present a coherent and comprehensive snapshot, but cannot be exhaustive, If you recognize a missed strategic development, a new source of rigorous analysis, or an insight/commentary that would benefit our common understanding, please advise me…we will review all suggestions and consider for inclusion in a subsequent edition: david.r.curry@ge2p2global.org
We are seeking access to modelling which engages scenarios and articulates imperatives around a pandemic end-game through at least a 2025 horizon. We assess that WHO must be conducting or contracting for such modeling – or should recognize an imperative to be doing so in its global health governance role. If we have missed such modeling in progress, we would be delighted to be advised of it and will include it in our coverage.
vaccines and global health :: ethics and policy 