Emergencies

Ebola – DRC+
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Last WHO Situation Report published 23 June 2020

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::::::

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 5 Sep 2020]

Democratic Republic of the Congo – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 5 Sep 2020]
Measles in Europe
:: Unleashing the potential of vaccines for a healthier Europe 02-09-2020

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Angola – No new digest announcements identified
Burkina Faso [in French] – No new digest announcements identified
Burundi – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
HIV in Pakistan – No new digest announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 5 Sep 2020]

Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – Page not responding at inquiry
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 Humanitarian Update No. 17 As of 1 September 2020

Yemen
:: 03 September 2020 Yemen Situation Report, 3 Sep 2020
– Torrential rains cause devastation across Yemen for the third time this year
– COVID-19 response to be pivoted
– Fuel crisis seriously holds back the humanitarian response in northern governorates
– Stranded migrants in Yemen in desperate need of humanitarian assistance
– Locust infestations threaten to exacerbate food insecurity in Yemen

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
COVID-19
::  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report 42: occupied Palestinian territory, issued 3 September 2020, information for period: 5 March – 3 September 2020

East Africa Locust Infestation
:: Desert Locust situation update – 2 September 2020

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::::::

WHO & Regional Offices [to 5 Sep 2020]

3 September 2020 Departmental news
WHO convenes expert group for behaviour change

31 August 2020 News release
In WHO global pulse survey, 90% of countries report disruptions to essential health services since COVID-19 pandemic
[See Milestones above for detail]

::::::

Weekly Epidemiological Record, 4 September 2020, vol. 95, 36 (pp. 417–440)
Global leprosy (Hansen disease) update, 2019: time to step-up prevention initiatives
COVID-19 update
::::::

WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: 04 September 2020 Decisive and timely: Mauritius’ response curbs COVID-19
:: 03 September 2020 African countries engaging in ground-breaking COVID-19 vaccine initiative

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
No new digest content identified

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified

WHO European Region EURO
:: Europe lights the way for schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond 04-09-2020
:: Unleashing the potential of vaccines for a healthier Europe 02-09-2020
:: Athens protects vulnerable communities during COVID-19 01-09-2020
:: Towards a consensus on safe schooling in the WHO European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic 31-08-2020

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Statement by WHO’s Regional Director on an upsurge in the number of COVID-19 cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
3 September 2020 – Our Region is close to approaching a new grim milestone of 2 million COVID-19 cases: as of 1 September, the cumulative number of cases in the Region is now more than 1 936 221, with 51 326 deaths.  Of greatest concern is a new upsurge in cases in a number of countries, highlighting the negative consequences of lack of adherence to public health measures….

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: Protecting older people against COVID-19 3 September 2020

CDC/ACIP [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
Latest News Releases
No new digest content identified

MMWR News Synopsis Friday, September 4, 2020
Timing of State and Territorial COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Changes in Population Movement — United States, March 1–May 31, 2020

Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Prescribing Patterns by Provider Specialty Following Initial Reports of Potential Benefit for COVID-19 Treatment — United States, January–June 2020

Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission — Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June–August 2020 (Early release August 26, 2020)

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Frontline Health Care Personnel in a Multistate Hospital Network — 13 Academic Medical Centers, April–June 2020 (Early release August 31, 2020)

Africa CDC [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
Press Releases
Training of trainers on infection prevention and control for COVID-19 concludes in DRC
2 September 2020

Press Releases
Africa CDC launches web-based tool to better manage public health emergency workforce deployments
1 September 2020

Press Releases
Team Europe: Germany and European Union jointly support African Union’s response to COVID-19
1 September 2020

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
Sept 5: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
On Sept 4, 31 provincial-level regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on the Chinese mainland reported 10 new cases of confirmed infections.

Expert: More second infection cases possible but with proper self-protection, no need to be too nervous
2020-09-02

Four Chinese COVID-19 vaccines undergoing phase-3 clinical trials
2020-08-31
BEIJING — Four Chinese COVID-19 vaccine candidates have started international phase-3 clinical trials, according to the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism against COVID-19.
Some of the phase-3 trials are expected to complete the first round of vaccinations in early September, with preliminary data expected as early as November.
Phase-3 clinical trials usually involve thousands of people to verify the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, which are key to their market approval.
As the epidemic has been brought under control in China, the country no longer has conditions for large-scale clinical trials, so all the phase-3 trials are being carried out overseas.
Two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines developed by the China National Biotec Group (CNBG) have been approved for phase-3 clinical trials in several countries in the Middle East and South America, involving more than 30,000 people, according to Yang Xiaoming, president of the CNBG…

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
No new digest content identified.

BARDA – U.S. Department of HHS [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.phe.gov/about/barda/Pages/default.aspx
BARDA News
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://cepi.net/
Latest News
321 vaccine candidates against COVID-19 now in development
04 Sep 2020 By CEPI
[See COVID-19 Vaccines above for detail]

EDCTP [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
Vaccine Center News
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
News: EMA receives application for marketing authorisation of Dexamethasone Taw for COVID-19
Last updated: 02/09/2020

News: EMA starts review of dexamethasone for treating adults with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support (updated)
CHMP, Last updated: 02/09/2020

European Vaccine Initiative [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/
Latest News
No new digest content identified.

FDA [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
September 4, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup September 4, 2020
… The FDA issued an updated FDA COVID-19 Response At-A-Glance Summary that provides a quick look at facts, figures, and highlights of the agency’s response efforts…

September 3, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup September 3, 2020

September 2, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup September 2, 2020
…Today, the FDA updated its guidance, “Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma,” to provide additional information related to the recently issued Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma to treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This update includes a discussion regarding FDA’s intent to exercise temporary enforcement discretion regarding the IND requirements for the use of this product when blood establishments, hospitals, and health care providers collect plasma that does not meet the Conditions of Authorization of the EUA. The revised guidance continues to provide recommendations for health care providers who wish to administer and study convalescent plasma under an Investigational New Drug Application. In addition, the agency updated the web page, “Recommendations for Investigational COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma,” which also provides this information….

September 1, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup September 1, 2020

August 31, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Daily Roundup August 31, 2020
… he FDA broadened the scope of the existing emergency use authorization (EUA) for the drug Veklury (remdesivir) to include treatment of all hospitalized adult and pediatric patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, irrespective of their severity of disease…

Fondation Merieux [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
ACDx Webinar focused on the critical role of diagnostics in the COVID-19 pandemic – 4 regional perspectives
September 15, 2020 – Webinar 3:00pm to 5:00pm (CET)
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the major role of diagnostics in the patient’s management. Around the globe, the regions and countries have put in place different diagnostics strategies and policies to tackle this COVID-19 sanitary crisis.
The Mérieux Foundation and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) are jointly organizing a 2 hour webinar on September 15 at 3pm (CET) on the critical role of diagnostics in the COVID-19 crisis management to share best practices & lessons learnt from experiences around the world.

Gavi [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
News releases
No new digest content identified.

GHIT Fund [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News/Updates
News
Qatar Increases its Contribution to the Global Fund Fivefold
03 September 2020
Qatar and the Global Fund today signed a multi-year contribution agreement for US$50 million for 2020-2022, strengthening their partnership in fighting infectious diseases and in building resilient systems for health.

Hilleman Laboratories [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Release
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
FEATURES
No new digest content identified.

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
No new digest content identified.

International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
Announcements
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Americas, Bahamas
Hurricane Dorian anniversary: Thousands supported during a global pandemic and in the midst of hurricane season
Panama/Geneva, 1 September 2020 — One year after Hurricane Dorian devastated communities in the Bahamas, the Red Cross has assisted thousands of families with emergency relief, financial assistance and support for long-term recovery.

IRC International Rescue Committee [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.rescue.org/press-release-index
Media highlights {Selected]
Press Release
COVID-19 cases increase 220% in month since Beirut explosion
September 1, 2020

IVAC [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates; Events
Webinar: Avoiding Barriers to Access for a COVID-19 Vaccine
Register: The International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) on September 16, 2020 at 8:00 EDT/21:00 KST will host a 60-minute webinar, “Avoiding Barriers to Access for a COVID-19 Vaccine.”
Description: Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, countries worked to overcome a myriad of challenges when introducing new safe and effective vaccines. While policy makers and health advocates addressed barriers, from understanding disease burden and cost effectiveness to establishing cold chain systems, preventable diseases spread, sicken populations, and cost lives. Learning from the past failures of vaccine introductions will be crucial for ensuring equitable access to a COVID-19 vaccine. Leaders and scientists in the international vaccine field will discuss the barriers to vaccine access we must overcome to avoid and the role the international community will play in promoting equity in delivering a COVID-19 vaccine.

IVI [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

JEE Alliance [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Lebanon
“The explosion did not distinguish between its victims and neither shou…
Interview 4 Sep 2020

DRC Ebola outbreaks
Crisis update – September 2020
Crisis Update 4 Sep 2020

DRC Ebola outbreaks
Responding to new Ebola outbreak in Équateur province
Project Update 4 Sep 2020

Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic
Greek police enforce unwarranted and cruel quarantine of Moria camp …
Statement 3 Sep 2020

Mediterranean migration
Sea-Watch 4 is allocated a port of safety 11 days after first rescue
Interview 2 Sep 2020

Nigeria
“When I think about going home, I remind myself that a live dog is better than a …
Voices from the Field 1 Sep 2020

Cameroon
A hospital at the heart of the North-West crisis in Cameroon
Project Update 1 Sep 2020

National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC Meetings
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)
February 4-5, 2021 NVAC Meeting
June 16-17, 2021 NVAC Meeting

NIH [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
NIH continues to boost national COVID-19 testing capacity
September 2, 2020 — New laboratory and point-of-care tests to enable access and rapid result.

NIH-supported study to track prevalence and impact of SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries
September 1, 2020 — The study will follow women through pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth.

Phase 3 Clinical Testing in the US of AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Begins
August 31, 2020 — The trial will enroll approximately 30,000 adult volunteers at 80 sites in the United States to evaluate if the candidate vaccine can prevent symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

People with intellectual and developmental disabilities disproportionately affected by COVID-19
August 28, 2020 — NIH-funded researchers call for restoration of support services or alternatives.

PATH [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Press Releases
Expanding access to HPV vaccines: PATH to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of new HPV vaccine
August 31, 2020 by Tara Newton
PATH, Innovax, KfW, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are partnering to expand options for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in the countries that need them most.

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
4 September 2020
Guyana’s HIV food bank comes to the rescue during COVID-19

4 September 2020
Evaluation of UNFPA support to the HIV response

UNICEF [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press releases/Announcements
Press release
09/03/2020
UNICEF to lead procurement and supply of COVID-19 vaccines in world’s largest and fastest ever operation of its kind
UNICEF will work with manufacturers and partners on the procurement of vaccine doses as well as freight, logistics and storage of COVID-19 vaccines, on behalf of global COVAX Facility

Press release
09/03/2020
Increased support vital to help children affected by Beirut explosions back to school, one month after devastating explosions
183 education facilities damaged or destroyed by the blasts, affecting over 77,000 children and youth as new school year approaches

Press release
09/03/2020
World’s richest countries grappling with children’s reading and math skills, mental well-being and obesity
New report ranks the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway the best among EU and OECD countries for child wellbeing; and highlights substantial threats to child well-being due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Press release
09/01/2020
Business, government, multilateral agency and UN leaders commit to connecting children and young people to the internet by 2030
As half the world’s population remain unconnected, a virtual ‘Generation Unlimited’ event calls for urgent action and investment to bridge the digital divide and scale-up digital learning and skilling opportunities

Unitaid [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://unitaid.org/
Featured News
03 September 2020 | Press releases
Life-saving infant oxygen device awarded Unitaid funding

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
Announcements
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Research and Reports
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
No new digest content identified.

The Wistar Institute [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.wfpha.org/
Latest News
No new digest content identified.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

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ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
Press Releases
The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine Applauds New Rule From the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Promoting Access to Innovative Therapies
Washington, DC September 2, 2020
The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine (ARM) applauds the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) decision to finalize a new diagnosis-related group (DRG) for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies in their FY21 Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) rule. This is a crucial step forward for patient access to life-changing therapies, and the result of multi-year collaboration among ARM, its members, regulators, and a diverse group of other stakeholders.

BIO [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
Biotech Leaders Outline Principles to Ensure the “Public’s Trust” in New Medical Products for Eradicating Covid-19
September 3, 2020
[See COVID-19 Vaccines above for detail]

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News; Upcoming events
No new digest content identified.

ICBA – International Council of Biotechnology Associations [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://internationalbiotech.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

IFPMA [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
Biopharma industry updates on COVID-19 treatments progress and warns about upholding regulatory standards of quality
03 September 2020
[See COVID-19 Vaccines above for detail]

PhRMA [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
Coming together to fight COVID-19: A conversation with Paul Hudson, CEO of Sanofi
Stephen J. Ubl   |     September 2, 2020
Over the last seven months, our industry has been working around the clock to combat the COVID-19 virus, including developing effective therapeutics to treat COVID-19 and vaccines to prevent future infections. I had the opportunity to connect with Paul Hudson, CEO of Sanofi, about the fight against COVID-19.

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Infection Control
September 2020 Volume 48, Issue 9, p975-1132
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

Major Articles
COVID-19 infection: Strategies on when to discontinue isolation, a retrospective study
Amelita Woodruff, Katherine L Walsh, Dacre Knight, Joan M. Irizarry-Alvarado
p1032–1036
Published online: July 4, 2020

American Journal of Infection Control
September 2020 Volume 48, Issue 9, p975-1132
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

Hand sanitizers: A review of ingredients, mechanisms of action, modes of delivery, and efficacy against coronaviruses
Andrew P. Golin, Dexter Choi, Aziz Ghahary
p1062–1067
Published online: June 18, 2020

American Journal of Infection Control
September 2020 Volume 48, Issue 9, p975-1132
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

State of the Science Review
Reducing antibiotic prescribing and addressing the global problem of antibiotic resistance by targeted hygiene in the home and everyday life settings: A position paper
Jean-Yves Maillard, Sally F. Bloomfield, Patrice Courvalin, Sabiha Y. Essack, Sumanth Gandra, Charles P. Gerba, Joseph R. Rubino, Elizabeth A. Scott
p1090–1099
Published online: April 17, 2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
September 2020 Volume 59, Issue 3, p309-468
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Research Articles
Human Papillomavirus Immunization in Rural Primary Care
Rose Gunn, Laura K. Ferrara, Caitlin Dickinson, Isabel Stock, Jennifer Griffith-Weprin, Amy Wiser, Brigit Hatch, L.J. Fagnan, Patricia A. Carney, Melinda M. Davis
p377–385
Published online: June 27, 2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
September 2020 Volume 59, Issue 3, p309-468
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Physicians’ Use of Evidence-Based Strategies to Increase Adult Vaccination Uptake
Laura P. Hurley, Megan C. Lindley, Mandy A. Allison, Sean T. O’Leary, Lori A. Crane, Michaela Brtnikova, Brenda L. Beaty, Allison Kempe
e95–e103
Published online: May 21, 2020

American Journal of Public Health
September 2020 110(9)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

IMMIGRATION
Immigrants and Access to Care: Public Health Must Lead the Way in Changing the Nation’s Narrative
Chronic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, Immigration, Health Policy, Race/Ethnicity, Hispanics/Latinos, Health Service Delivery, Access to Care
Maia Ingram

American Journal of Public Health
September 2020 110(9)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

PUBLIC SERVICE
Incentivized Public Service Response to COVID-19 in Rural and Marginalized Urban Communities
Rural Health, Public Health Workers, Health Policy, Community Health, Health Service Delivery
Irene Torres, Daniel F. López-Cevallos and Fernando Sacoto
110(9), pp. 1344–1345

American Journal of Public Health
September 2020 110(9)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

DEMOCRACY
COVID-19 Emergency Measures Are Hurting Democracy Globally
Global Health, Government, Human Rights, Health Law, Injury/Emergency Care/Violence
Stephen Thomson and Eric C. Ip
110(9), pp. 1356–1357

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 5 Sep 2020)

The effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines
Maternal poliovirus antibodies could provide passive immunity to the newborns from poliovirus infection during their first few months of life, but they may impair the immune responses of infants to the poliovirus vaccine as well. In our study, we pooled the data from three clinical trials of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) based on Sabin strains to investigate the effect of maternal poliovirus antibodies on the immune responses of infants to poliovirus vaccines.
Authors: Siyue Jia, Rong Tang, Guifan Li, Yuemei Hu and Qi Liang
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:641
Content type: Research article
Published on: 31 August 2020

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 5 Sep 2020)

South Africa’s new standard material transfer agreement: proposals for improvement and pointers for implementation
Whenever South African (SA) research institutions share human biological material and associated data for health research or clinical trials they are legally compelled to have a material transfer agreement (MTA) in place that uses as framework the standard MTA newly gazetted by the South African Minister of Health (SA MTA).
Authors: Donrich W. Thaldar, Marietjie Botes and Annelize Nienaber
Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:85
Content type: Debate
Published on: 3 September 2020

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 5 Sep 2020)

Spatial distribution of incomplete immunization among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and health survey data
An estimate of 2–3 million children under 5 die in the world annually due to vaccine-preventable disease. In Ethiopia, incomplete immunization accounts for nearly 16% of under-five mortality, and there is spat…
Authors: Mequannent Sharew Melaku, Araya Mesfin Nigatu and Wondewossen Zemene Mewosha
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:1362
Content type: Research article
Published on: 5 September 2020

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 98, Number 9, September 2020, 581-644
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/98/9/en/

EDITORIALS
Gaps in access to essential medicines and health products for noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions
— Ren Minghui, Mariangela Simao, Bente Mikkelsen, Dévora Kestel, Andrew Ball & Zsofia Szilagyi
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.272658

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 98, Number 9, September 2020, 581-644
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/98/9/en/

COVID-19 response measures and violence against children
— Amiya Bhatia, Camilla Fabbri, Ilan Cerna-Turoff, Clare Tanton, Louise Knight, Ellen Turner, Michelle Lokot, Shelley Lees, Ben Cislaghi, Amber Peterman, Alessandra Guedes & Karen Devries
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.263467

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 98, Number 9, September 2020, 581-644
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/98/9/en/

PERSPECTIVES
Accelerating access to medicines in a changing world
— Hannah Kettler, Susanna Lehtimaki & Nina Schwalbe
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.249664

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Volume 108, Issue 3 September 2020
https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15326535/current

Reviews
State of the Art
Artificial Intelligence and Mechanistic Modeling for Clinical Decision Making in Oncology
Sebastien Benzekry
Pages: 471-486
First Published:18 June 2020
Abstract
The amount of “big” data generated in clinical oncology, whether from molecular, imaging, pharmacological, or biological origin, brings novel challenges. To mine efficiently this source of information, mathematical models able to produce predictive algorithms and simulations are required, with applications for diagnosis, prognosis, drug development, or prediction of the response to therapy. Such mathematical and computational constructs can be subdivided into two broad classes: biologically agnostic, statistical models using artificial intelligence techniques, and physiologically based, mechanistic models. In this review, recent advances in the applications of such methods in clinical oncology are outlined. These include machine learning applied to big data (omics, imaging, or electronic health records), pharmacometrics and quantitative systems pharmacology, as well as tumor kinetics and metastasis modeling. Focus is set on studies with high potential of clinical translation, and particular attention is given to cancer immunotherapy. Perspectives are given in terms of combinations of the two approaches: “mechanistic learning.”

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Volume 108, Issue 3 September 2020
https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15326535/current

Editorial
The Changing Face of Oncology Research, Drug Development, and Clinical Practice: Toward Patient‐Focused Precision Therapeutics
Karthik Venkatakrishnan, Piet H. van der Graaf. Sarah A. Holstein
Pages: 399-404
First Published:19 August 2020

EMBO Reports
Volume 21 Issue 9 3 September 2020
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

Science & Society 1 September 2020
The second coming : The comeback of the live vaccines
Anthony King
Live vaccines are gradually replaced by protein‐based vaccines given the latter’s better safety. But live vaccines seem to be more efficient via stimulation of the innate immune system.

Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 19 (7) 2020
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

Review
A systematic review of vaccine availability at the national, district, and health facility level in the WHO African Region
To describe vaccine stock-outs at national, district, and health facility levels in the WHO African region.
Chinwe Juliana Iwu , Ntombehle Ngcobo , Anelisa Jaca , Alison Wiyeh , Elizabeth Pienaar , Usuf Chikte & Charles S. Wiysonge
Pages: 639-651
Published online: 10 Aug 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 19 (7) 2020
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

Review of poliovirus modeling performed from 2000 to 2019 to support global polio eradication
Kimberly M. Thompson & Dominika A. Kalkowska
Pages: 661-686
Published online: 01 Aug 2020

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/

Articles
Educating, training, and exercising for infectious disease control with emphasis on cross-border settings: an integrative review
Points of entry and other border regions educate, train, and exercise (ETEs) their staff to improve preparedness and response to cross-border health threats. However, no conclusive knowledge of these ETEs’ eff…
Authors: Doret de Rooij, Evelien Belfroid, Christos Hadjichristodoulou, Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Jörg Raab and Aura Timen
Citation: Globalization and Health 2020 16:78
Content type: Review
Published on: 3 September 2020

JAMA
September 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 9, Pages 823-908
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Viewpoint
Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 PandemicA Report From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Kenne A. Dibner, PhD; Heidi A. Schweingruber, PhD; Dimitri A. Christakis, MD, MPH
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(9):833-834. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.14745
This Viewpoint summarizes recommendations made in a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report about how to safely reopen and operate elementary and secondary schools for the 2020-2021 school year, which emphasizes the need for partnerships with public health officials and community leaders, and for transparent communication of risks and rewards that will result from every policy decision.

JAMA
September 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 9, Pages 823-908
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Viewpoint
Universal Masking in the United StatesThe Role of Mandates, Health Education, and the CDC
Lawrence O. Gostin, JD; I. Glenn Cohen, JD; Jeffrey P. Koplan, MD, MPH
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(9):837-838. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15271
This Viewpoint proposes legal and policy options for promoting universal face mask wearing in the US and, recognizing the limits of state-by-state implementation, proposes strengthening the authority, independence, and funding of the CDC to enact responses to this and future comparable public health emergencies.

JAMA
September 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 9, Pages 823-908
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Editorial
Universal Masking to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission—The Time Is Now
John T. Brooks, MD; Jay C. Butler, MD; Robert R. Redfield, MD

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

When patients refuse COVID-19 testing, quarantine, and social distancing in inpatient psychiatry: clinical and ethical challenges (10 July, 2020)
Mark J Russ, Dominic Sisti, Philip J Wilner

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making (9 July, 2020)
Yves S J Aquino, Nicolo Cabrera

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Controlled human infection with SARS-CoV-2 to study COVID-19 vaccines and treatments: bioethics in Utopia (2 July, 2020)
Søren Holm

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Covid 19 Current Controversies
Consent in the time of COVID-19 (10 June, 2020)
Helen Lynne Turnham, Michael Dunn, Elaine Hill, Guy T Thornburn, Dominic Wilkinson

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

The Cohen problem of informed consent (27 March, 2020)
William Simkulet

Journal of Medical Ethics
September 2020 – Volume 46 – 9
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Extended essays
Human infection challenge studies in endemic settings and/or low-income and middle-income countries: key points of ethical consensus and controversy (7 May, 2020)
Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Michael J Selgelid

Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
September/October 2020 – Volume 26 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/pages/currenttoc.aspx

Research Reports
Factors Affecting Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Public Health Preparedness and Response
Kennedy, Mallory; Carbone, Eric G.; Siegfried, Alexa L.; More
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 26(5):434-442, September/October 2020.

The Lancet
Sep 05, 2020 Volume 396 Number 10252 p649-734, e22-e24
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3
Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network
Open Access

The Lancet
Sep 05, 2020 Volume 396 Number 10252 p649-734, e22-e24
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Online First
Comment
COVID-19 vaccines: early success and remaining challenges
Naor Bar-Zeev,
Tom Inglesby
…The two studies by Logunov and colleagues have several strengths. First, adenoviruses are ubiquitous, so humans might not be immunologically naive. Previous immunity to the vector might interfere with adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. Indeed, findings of an adenovirus type 5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine trial suggested such immunity could affect COVID-19 responses.² In another study, a chimpanzee adenovirus vector was used, since humans will presumably be naive to at least the first dose.³ Logunov and colleagues used immunologically distinct (heterologous) vectors in their two-dose (prime-boost) regimen. They investigated cross-vector heterologous immunity and previous antivector adenovirus immunity, and neither affected COVID-19 immunogenicity.

A second strength is the threshold for neutralisation used in the two studies. Neutralisation assays vary from study to study. Neutralisation is tested by examining whether plasma from a recently vaccinated individual can prevent cellular damage on in-vitro exposure of cells to SARS-CoV-2. Both the degree of such protection (how many damaged cells are allowed) and the dose of the infecting virus vary across studies. Expecting a vaccine to result in less than complete neutralisation is not inherently wrong but sets the bar low and makes it easier to claim neutralising activity. In Logunov and colleagues’ studies, however, the threshold for neutralisation was set high in two regards: the inoculating viral dose was large, and no arising cellular damage was allowable. Essentially, the assay was set at full neutralisation. This high bar implies these researchers took an a-priori risk that their vaccine might fail the test. It did not. It remains to be seen if other manufacturers will set a similar high standard.

A third strength is that the vaccine, similar to other adenovirus-vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines before it,^{2  3}, ⁴ induced broad immune responses. Although not specifically discussed, the results imply a T-helper-1-cell-weighted response that might be important for vaccine safety, potentially reducing the risk of antibody-dependent enhanced disease.⁵

A fourth strength was development of two vaccine formulations, frozen and lyophilised. A lyophilised formulation could mean stability within the existing global vaccine refrigerated cold chain that is needed to maintain vaccine efficacy from factory to recipient, a hurdle other vaccines are yet to address. Although more costly to produce at scale, product stability will maximise reach in remote terrain, a must if universal and equitable coverage is to be achieved.

Some limitations of the studies by Logunov and colleagues are notable. In the study of the frozen vaccine formulation, the population included young military personnel. Soldiers are likely to be fitter and healthier than the general population. Moreover, in older adults, immune senescence might make vaccines less immunogenic, and this age group was absent from this study. Sex imbalance occurred in the study arms because there was no random allocation. A control arm was conspicuously absent. Two participants were of Asian descent, with the rest of the participants of white European ethnic origin. Clearly, much more remains to be learned from the phase 3 randomised trial planned to include 40 000 civilian volunteers and, hopefully, broadly inclusive of groups at risk…

The Lancet
Sep 05, 2020 Volume 396 Number 10252 p649-734, e22-e24
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Online First
Articles
Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia
Denis Y Logunov, et al
Summary
Background
We developed a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine consisting of two components, a recombinant adenovirus type 26 (rAd26) vector and a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) vector, both carrying the gene for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (rAd26-S and rAd5-S). We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of two formulations (frozen and lyophilised) of this vaccine.
Methods
We did two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies at two hospitals in Russia. We enrolled healthy adult volunteers (men and women) aged 18–60 years to both studies. In phase 1 of each study, we administered intramuscularly on day 0 either one dose of rAd26-S or one dose of rAd5-S and assessed the safety of the two components for 28 days. In phase 2 of the study, which began no earlier than 5 days after phase 1 vaccination, we administered intramuscularly a prime-boost vaccination, with rAd26-S given on day 0 and rAd5-S on day 21. Primary outcome measures were antigen-specific humoral immunity (SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies measured by ELISA on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 42) and safety (number of participants with adverse events monitored throughout the study). Secondary outcome measures were antigen-specific cellular immunity (T-cell responses and interferon-γ concentration) and change in neutralising antibodies (detected with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assay). These trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04436471 and NCT04437875.
Findings
Between June 18 and Aug 3, 2020, we enrolled 76 participants to the two studies (38 in each study). In each study, nine volunteers received rAd26-S in phase 1, nine received rAd5-S in phase 1, and 20 received rAd26-S and rAd5-S in phase 2. Both vaccine formulations were safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were pain at injection site (44 [58%]), hyperthermia (38 [50%]), headache (32 [42%]), asthenia (21 [28%]), and muscle and joint pain (18 [24%]). Most adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were detected. All participants produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein. At day 42, receptor binding domain-specific IgG titres were 14 703 with the frozen formulation and 11 143 with the lyophilised formulation, and neutralising antibodies were 49·25 with the frozen formulation and 45·95 with the lyophilised formulation, with a seroconversion rate of 100%. Cell-mediated responses were detected in all participants at day 28, with median cell proliferation of 2·5% CD4+ and 1·3% CD8+ with the frozen formulation, and a median cell proliferation of 1·3% CD4+ and 1·1% CD8+ with the lyophilised formulation.
Interpretation
The heterologous rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine has a good safety profile and induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in participants. Further investigation is needed of the effectiveness of this vaccine for prevention of COVID-19.
Funding
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

New England Journal of Medicine
September 3, 2020 Vol. 383 No. 10
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Perspective
Public Health Decision Making during Covid-19 — Fulfilling the CDC Pledge to the American People
Sonja A. Rasmussen, M.D., and Denise J. Jamieson, M.D., M.P.H.

New England Journal of Medicine
September 3, 2020 Vol. 383 No. 10
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

The Tragedy of Measles
Perri Klass, M.D.
Although measles has always had serious complications, it was not necessarily treated seriously in popular culture, even before the MMR vaccine became available. But there is a harrowing measles tragedy from one of America’s great tragedians, Eugene O’Neill.

New England Journal of Medicine
September 3, 2020 Vol. 383 No. 10
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Accelerating Development of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines — The Role for Controlled Human Infection Models
Meagan E. Deming, M.D., Ph.D., Nelson L. Michael, M.D., Ph.D., Merlin Robb, M.D., Myron S. Cohen, M.D., and Kathleen M. Neuzil, M.D., M.P.H.

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 5 Sep 2020)

Economic influences on population health in the United States: Toward policymaking driven by data and evidence
Atheendar S. Venkataramani, Rourke O’Brien, Gregory L. Whitehorn, Alexander C. Tsai
Collection Review | published 02 Sep 2020 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003319

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/

Research Article
Mistrust of the medical profession and higher disgust sensitivity predict parental vaccine hesitancy
Rebekah Reuben, Devon Aitken, Jonathan L. Freedman, Gillian Einstein
Research Article | published 02 Sep 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237755

Science
04 September 2020 Vol 369, Issue 6508
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

Special Issue – Democracy in the Balance
Introduction to special issue
In flux and under threat
By Tage Rai, Brad Wible
Science04 Sep 2020 : 1174-1175
Around the world, democracy is losing ground. Polarization and disinformation have rendered liberals and conservatives unable to agree on basic facts. State violence and suppression of citizens’ rights are resurgent. Free and fair elections are being threatened.

In this special issue, we critically examine the state of democracy and how it must adapt to achieve its ideals in the 21st century. We need to meet the challenges and opportunities of living in increasingly multiethnic societies, of fostering democracy in a weakened international environment, of reducing inequality and elevating the political representation of the poor, and of organizing social movements and combating disinformation tactics in the digital age. Advances in technology are making it easier to distort true voter representation through gerrymandering, and political campaigns continue to struggle with reaching voters and persuading them to participate. Worryingly, state violence, which has always been a core feature of the democratic experience for some, is spreading in democratic societies.

Twenty years ago, it seemed inevitable that democracy would reach every corner of the globe. In this moment, we are reminded that we must fight for democracy and work to improve it. A scientific understanding of the social and behavioral phenomena that underlie its operation will help us enhance democracy and, by doing so, improve human lives and societies globally.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
Babbage
The fast and the spurious—the dangers of rushing a covid-19 vaccine
Sep 2nd 2020

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
The Tragedy of Vaccine Nationalism
Only Cooperation Can End the Pandemic
By Thomas J. Bollyky and Chad P. Bown
September/October 2020

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Voice
Trump’s Vaccine Can’t Be Trusted
If a vaccine comes out before the election, there are very good reasons not to take it.
Laurie Garrett
September 3, 2020,

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
Politics
Kamala Harris Says Trump Not Credible on Possible COVID-19 Vaccine
Democratic U.S. vice presidential candidate Kamala Harris said she would not take President Donald Trump’s word alone on any potential coronavirus vaccine.
By Reuters Sept. 5

Politics
Race for Coronavirus Vaccine Pits Spy Against Spy
The intelligence wars over vaccine research have intensified as China and Russia expand their efforts to steal American work at both research institutes and companies.
By Julian E. Barnes and Michael Venutolo-Mantovani Sept. 5

Europe
Sanofi France Chief: Future COVID-19 Vaccine Seen Below 10 Euros
Sanofi’s chief in France, Olivier Bogillot, said on Saturday that its future COVID-19 vaccine was likely to be priced below 10 euros per shot.
By Reuters Sept. 5

Asia Pacific
China’s CNBG, Sinovac Find More Countries to Test Coronavirus Vaccines
China National Biotec Group (CNBG) and Sinovac Biotech Ltd said on Saturday they have each found two more countries to run late-stage clinical tests of their coronavirus vaccine candidates, as China steps up its efforts in the global race.
By Reuters Sept. 5

World
UN Assembly President: ‘Inclusion Is Key’ for Virus Vaccine
The president of the U.N. General Assembly is warning that a vaccine for COVID-19 must be made available to everyone who needs it because if just one country is left out the world will still face a crisis from the coronavirus.
By The Associated Press Sept. 4

Europe
UN: No Vaccine to Be Endorsed Before It’s Safe and Effective
The head of the World Health Organization said the U.
By The Associated Press Sept. 4

Europe
WHO Chief Scientist: ‘We Should See Vaccine Rollout by Mid-2021’
The World Health Organization is hopeful that a novel coronavirus vaccine will be ready internationally by mid-2021, its chief scientist said on Friday.
By Reuters Sept. 4

Europe
WHO’s Tedros Says ‘Vaccine Nationalism’ Would Prolong Pandemic
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on Friday that “vaccine nationalism” would only slow the effort to quash the pandemic and called for vaccines to be used fairly and effectively.
By Reuters Sept. 4

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development [to 5 Sep 2020]
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new relevant content]

Chatham House [to 5 Sep 2020]
https://www.chathamhouse.org/
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
Commentary
The Risks of Misinformation and Vaccine Hesitancy within the Covid-19 Crisis
September 4, 2020 | By Katherine E. Bliss, J. Stephen Morrison

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new relevant content]

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 5 Sep 2020
[No new relevant content]