The Lancet  
Jul 07, 2012  Volume 380  Number 9836  p1 – 74
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

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Mass gatherings medicine and global health security
Abdullah Al Rabeeah, Ziad A Memish, Alimuddin Zumla, Shuja Shafi, Brian McCloskey, Ahmad Moolla, Maurizio Barbeschi, David Heymann, Richard Horton

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Mass gatherings continue to draw ever larger crowds from all corners of the globe.1 Although these events offer great potential for a health legacy through intense periods of unprecedented focus and funding for improvements in health systems, they pose several significant public health challenges to health and security authorities both within the host country and abroad.2,3 There is no existing global consensus or evidence base regarding the most effective public health measures that are required to be in place within the host country.