Global COVID-19 pandemic demands joint interventions for the suppression of future waves

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/

 

Article
Global COVID-19 pandemic demands joint interventions for the suppression of future waves
Ruiyun Li, Bin Chen, Tao Zhang, Zhehao Ren, Yimeng Song, Yixiong Xiao, Lin Hou, Jun Cai, Bo Xu, Miao Li, Karen Kie Yan Chan, Ying Tu, Mu Yang, Jing Yang, Zhaoyang Liu, Chong Shen, Che Wang, Lei Xu, Qiyong Liu, Shuming Bao, Jianqin Zhang, Yuhai Bi, Yuqi Bai, Ke Deng, Wusheng Zhang, Wenyu Huang, Jason D. Whittington, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Dabo Guan, Peng Gong, and Bing Xu
PNAS first published September 28, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012002117
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a resurgence of COVID-19 in the coming years. It is thus critical to optimize emergency response planning from a broad, integrated perspective. We developed a mathematical model incorporating climate-driven variation in community transmissions and movement-modulated spatial diffusions of COVID-19 into various intervention scenarios. We find that an intensive 8-wk intervention targeting the reduction of local transmissibility and international travel is efficient and effective. Practically, we suggest a tiered implementation of this strategy where interventions are first implemented at locations in what we call the Global Intervention Hub, followed by timely interventions in secondary high-risk locations. We argue that thinking globally, categorizing locations in a hub-and-spoke intervention network, and acting locally, applying interventions at high-risk areas, is a functional strategy to avert the tremendous burden that would otherwise be placed on public health and society.

Impact of school-based educational interventions in middle adolescent populations (15-17yrs) on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake and perceptions/knowledge of HPV and its associated cancers: A systematic review

Preventive Medicine
Volume 139 October 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/139/suppl/C

 

Review article Abstract only
Impact of school-based educational interventions in middle adolescent populations (15-17yrs) on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake and perceptions/knowledge of HPV and its associated cancers: A systematic review
Terri Flood, Iseult M. Wilson, Gillian Prue, Marian McLaughlin, Ciara M. Hughes
Article 106168

A quality improvement collaborative to increase human papillomavirus vaccination rates in local health department clinics

Preventive Medicine
Volume 139 October 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/139/suppl/C

 

Research article Abstract only
A quality improvement collaborative to increase human papillomavirus vaccination rates in local health department clinics
Rachel Wallace-Brodeur, Rui Li, Wendy Davis, Sharon Humiston, … Cynthia M. Rand
Article 106235

Official inaction

Science
02 October 2020 Vol 370, Issue 6512
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

Feature
Official inaction
By Charles Piller
Science02 Oct 2020 : 24-29
A Science investigation shows that FDA oversight of clinical trials is lax, slow moving, and secretive—and that enforcement is declining.
Summary
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees most clinical research in the United States, ensuring the integrity of trial data and the safety of study participants. This Science investigation, which evaluated FDA’s clinical trial enforcement for the past 11 years, suggests the agency’s enforcement of clinical research regulations is often light-handed, slow moving, and secretive—even when clinical trial practices were deemed dangerous or unlawful. The investigation, which included a review of nearly 1600 FDA inspection and enforcement documents for clinical trials, found that FDA rarely levels sanctions. When it does, follow-ups are either slow or neglected, and cases are frequently resolved based on unverified claims. And the agency has become less and less aggressive in its enforcement. It issued 99 and 36 warning letters for serious clinical trial transgressions during the first and last 3 years of the Obama administration, respectively, and only 12 were issued during the first 3 years under President Donald Trump. Disqualifications of egregious offenders also plummeted under Trump. The Science findings provide a cautionary tale as FDA oversees numerous fast-moving trials of vaccines and drugs for COVID-19.

How to fix the GDPR’s frustration of global biomedical research

Science
02 October 2020 Vol 370, Issue 6512
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

Policy Forum
How to fix the GDPR’s frustration of global biomedical research
By Jasper Bovenberg, David Peloquin, Barbara Bierer, Mark Barnes, Bartha Maria Knoppers
Science02 Oct 2020 : 40-42
Sharing of data for research beyond the EU must improve
Summary
Since the advent of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018, the biomedical research community has struggled to share data with colleagues and consortia outside the EU, as the GDPR limits international transfers of personal data. A July 2020 ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) reinforced obstacles to sharing, and even data transfer to enable essential research into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been restricted in a recent Guidance of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). We acknowledge the valid concerns that gave rise to the GDPR, but we are concerned that the GDPR’s limitations on data transfers will hamper science globally in general and biomedical science in particular (see the text box) (1)—even though one stated objective of the GDPR is that processing of personal data should serve humankind, and even though the GDPR explicitly acknowledges that the right to the protection of personal data is not absolute and must be considered in relation to its function in society and be balanced against other fundamental rights. We examine whether there is room under the GDPR for EU biomedical researchers to share data from the EU with the rest of the world to facilitate biomedical research. We then propose solutions for consideration by either the EU legislature, the EU Commission, or the EDPB in its planned Guidance on the processing of health data for scientific research. Finally, we urge the EDPB to revisit its recent Guidance on COVID-19 research.

Global approaches to genomic medicine implementation

Science Translational Medicine
30 September 2020 Vol 12, Issue 563
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

 

Editorial
Global approaches to genomic medicine implementation
By Andrea Belcher, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Robyn Ward
Science Translational Medicine30 Sep 2020
A snapshot of implementation initiatives worldwide illustrates the need for collaboration to realize the full potential of genomic medicine.

Caregiver and service provider vaccine confidence following the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident in China: A cross-sectional mixed methods study

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 44 Pages 6859-6966 (14 October 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/44

 

Research article Full text access
Caregiver and service provider vaccine confidence following the Changchun Changsheng vaccine incident in China: A cross-sectional mixed methods study
Shiyi Tu, Fiona Yueqian Sun, Tracey Chantler, Xuan Zhang, … Heidi Larson
Pages 6882-6888

Pregnant women’s perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 44 Pages 6859-6966 (14 October 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/44

 

Research article Full text access
Pregnant women’s perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials
Elana Jaffe, Anne Drapkin Lyerly, Ilona Telefus Goldfarb
Pages 6922-6929

Effective vaccine management through social behavior change communication: Exploring solutions using a participatory action research approach in the Solomon Islands

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 44 Pages 6859-6966 (14 October 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/44

 

Research article Abstract only
Effective vaccine management through social behavior change communication: Exploring solutions using a participatory action research approach in the Solomon Islands
Ibrahim Dadari, Jude Ssenyonjo, Jenniffer Anga
Pages 6941-6953

Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 3 Oct 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States
by Kendall Pogue , Jamie L. Jensen , Carter K. Stancil , Daniel G. Ferguson , Savannah J. Hughes , Emily J. Mello , Ryan Burgess , Bradford K. Berges , Abraham Quaye and Brian D. Poole
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040582 – 03 Oct 2020
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes towards and obstacles facing vaccination with a potential COVID-19 vaccine. To measure these attitudes a survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short- and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 3 Oct 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi Arabia
by Mohammed Alsuhaibani and Aqeel Alaqeel
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040581 – 03 Oct 2020
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting national and international public health. Routine childhood immunization may be adversely affected by COVID-19 mitigation measures. We aimed to identify the prevalence of delayed immunization and explore the reasons and barriers for delayed immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic

Relationship between Citizens’ Health Engagement and Intention to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in Italy: A Mediation Analysis

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 3 Oct 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Relationship between Citizens’ Health Engagement and Intention to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in Italy: A Mediation Analysis
by Guendalina Graffigna , Lorenzo Palamenghi , Stefania Boccia and Serena Barello
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040576 – 01 Oct 2020
Abstract
The actual effectiveness of the still-to-come vaccination against the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 might be challenged by vaccine hesitancy, a rather common and known phenomenon whose psychological predictors are, nevertheless, still largely debated. Our study aims at understanding how adult citizens’ health engagement, perceived COVID-19

Measuring the Benefits of Mass Vaccination Programs in the United States

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 3 Oct 2020)

 

Open Access Review
Measuring the Benefits of Mass Vaccination Programs in the United States
by Hector Magno and Beatrice Golomb
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040561 – 29 Sep 2020
Abstract
Since the late 1940s, mass vaccination programs in the USA have contributed to the significantly reduced morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. To assist the evaluation of the benefits of mass vaccination programs, the number of individuals who would have suffered death or…

Media/Policy Watch

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

 

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
Health
UN’s Guterres makes Covid vaccine donation appeal
The UN secretary general says richer countries need to take a global view as “their citizens will not be safe until every citizen in the world is safe”.
António Guterres has called on countries such as the US, China and Russia to guarantee fair access to a successful vaccine.

 

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

Financial Times
https://www.ft.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
Oct 1, 2020
Trump Is ‘Single Largest Driver’ Of Covid-19 Misinformation, Cornell Study Finds
Trump declared hydroxychloroquine a “game-changer” and once suggested injecting Covid-19 patients with disinfectants such as bleach.
By Tommy Beer Forbes Staff

Editors’ Pick| Sep 30, 2020,10:54am EDT
Operation Warp Speed Has Over $6 Billion In Secret Covid-19 Vaccine Contracts Evading Scrutiny
Robert Hart Forbes Staff
Topline
Billions of dollars’ worth of coronavirus vaccine contracts have avoided usual mechanisms of transparency and regulatory oversight with Operation Warp Speed – the Trump administration’s project to develop a Covid-19 vaccine – which is funneling money through a nongovernmental intermediary, a move that is likely to reignite worries over the project’s opaque nature.
Key Facts
:: Rather than entering into contracts with vaccine makers directly, NPR reports that more than $6 billion in Operation Warp Speed funding has been routed through an intermediary nongovernmental firm, thereby avoiding the usual requirements for regulatory oversight and transparency that accompany federal contracting as well as many public records request requirements.
:: NPR reports that funding is directed through the defense contract management firm Advance Technologies International, Inc., (ATI) who go on to award contracts to companies developing vaccines for Covid-19.
:: Some of the contracts for the most high-profile vaccine candidates have been awarded by ATI in this way, including $1 billion for Johnson & Johnson, $1.79 billion for Sanofi, $1.6 billion for Novavax, and $1.95 billion for Pfizer.
:: Since its inception, Operation Warp Speed has repeatedly come under fire over its opaque nature, including from Senate critics who accused officials of making major decisions behind closed doors; it is likely that the revelation in the way the project issues its contracts will reignite this debate.

 

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
News Desk
Chinese Citizens Are Already Receiving a Coronavirus Vaccine
The pandemic has only increased the battle with the U.S. for scientific and political supremacy.
By Peter Hessler
September 29, 2020

 

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
Politics
Biotech Industry Pushes Trump Administration to Release New Vaccine Guidelines
The BIO trade group, whose members include most of the vaccine makers, asked the health secretary to make the new vaccine guidelines public.
By Sheryl Gay Stolberg

 

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
CDC’s credibility is eroded by internal blunders and external attacks as coronavirus vaccine
Lena H. Sun and Joel Achenbach · Health · Sep 28, 2020

At UN, India vows to help produce virus vaccine for world
· Sep 27, 2020

Black doctors want to vet vaccine process, worried about mistrust from years of medical racism
Meryl Kornfield · National · Sep 26, 2020

Trump, White House demand FDA justify tough standards for coronavirus vaccine, raising concerns
Laurie McGinley, Yasmeen Abutaleb and Josh Dawsey · Politics · Sep 25, 2020

Think Tanks et al

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new relevant content]
 
 
Center for Global Development [to 3 Oct 2020]
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
October 2, 2020
Vaccine Experts Speak Out on COVID-19 Vaccines and How to Prepare
As the world awaits the results of COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we have interviewed sixteen vaccine experts from the vaccine industry, academic, and regulatory agencies. Their overall message: the time to prepare is now.
Laura Subramanian et al.

COVID-19 Vaccine Predictions: Using Mathematical Modelling and Expert Opinions to Estimate Timelines and Probabilities of Success of COVID-19 Vaccines
Publication 10/1/20
We collected publicly available information, interviewed experts, and used our diverse range of expertise to analyse and model the COVID-19 vaccine portfolio in order to generate predictions about the vaccine portfolio’s timeline.
 
 
Chatham House [to 3 Oct 2020]
https://www.chathamhouse.org/
Webinar:
Webinar: Living with COVID-19: Opportunism and International Security
14 October 2020 – 11:00am to 12:00pm
(London, GMT)

 
 

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new relevant content]

 
 

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
October 1, 2020
Pharmaceuticals and Vaccines
What Is the World Doing to Create a COVID-19 Vaccine?
The search to find a vaccine for the new coronavirus is well underway. Governments and researchers are aiming to provide billions of people with immunity in eighteen months or less, which would be un…
Backgrounder by Claire Felter
 
 

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 3 Oct 2020
[No new relevant content]