Yearly Archives: 2021

Journal Watch

Posted on by

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

Racial and Ethnic Health Equity in the US: Part 1

Posted on by

AMA Journal of Ethics
Volume 23, Number 2: E83-211 Feb 2021
https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/issue/racial-and-ethnic-health-equity-us-part-1

 

Racial and Ethnic Health Equity in the US: Part 1
Health equity is defined by the World Health Organization as the “absence of unfair and avoidable or remediable differences in health among social groups.” Domestically and globally, health inequity is not a historical accident. Inequity today is not unfortunate—that is, not a product of a mere turn of the proverbial cosmic wheel—but unjust—that is, generated by colonial, White supremacist policies and practices structured and maintained over time, forged to persist in hierarchies that serve some of us, our ancestors, and our descendants well and some of us, our ancestors, and our descendants ill. This first of a 2-part theme issue focuses specifically on racial and ethnic inequity in morbidity, mortality, and access to services that are endemic to American life. We investigate health inequity as a product of transgenerational patterns of oppression that must be remediated by all of us compassionately and more deliberately and quickly than they were created.

Asynchrony Between Individual and Government Actions Accounts for Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities

Posted on by

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
March 2021 Volume 60 Issue 3 p311-452
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

 

Research Articles
Asynchrony Between Individual and Government Actions Accounts for Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities
Moustafa Abdalla, Arjan Abar, Evan R. Beiter, Mohamed Saad
Published online: November 13, 2020

Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Norovirus Vaccination in the Community Setting

Posted on by

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
March 2021 Volume 60 Issue 3 p311-452
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

 

Potential Clinical and Economic Value of Norovirus Vaccination in the Community Setting
Sarah M. Bartsch, Kelly J. O’Shea, Patrick T. Wedlock, Marie C. Ferguson, Sheryl S. Siegmund, Bruce Y. Lee
Published online: January 26, 2021

Geographic Variation in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among Young Adults in the U.S.

Posted on by

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
March 2021 Volume 60 Issue 3 p311-452
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

 

Geographic Variation in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation and Completion Among Young Adults in the U.S.
Eric Adjei Boakye, Oluwole A. Babatunde, Maggie Wang,…Wiley Jenkins, Minjee Lee, Minjin Kim
Published online: December 17, 2020

Building Trust in COVID-19 Vaccines and Beyond Through Authentic Community Investment

Posted on by

American Journal of Public Health
March 2021 111(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

Building Trust in COVID-19 Vaccines and Beyond Through Authentic Community Investment
Other Race/Ethnicity, Immunization/Vaccines, Prevention, Community Health, Race/Ethnicity
Bisola O. Ojikutu, Kathyrn E. Stephenson, Kenneth H. Mayer and Karen M. Emmons

Equitable Enforcement of Pandemic-Related Public Health Laws: Strategies for Achieving Racial and Health Justice

Posted on by

American Journal of Public Health
March 2021 111(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

INTERNATIONAL FORUM
Equitable Enforcement of Pandemic-Related Public Health Laws: Strategies for Achieving Racial and Health Justice
Government, Socioeconomic Factors, Health Law, Health Policy
Maya Hazarika Watts, Katie Hannon Michel, Jessica Breslin and Elizabeth Tobin-Tyler

Digital tools in the informed consent process: a systematic review

Posted on by

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 27 Feb 2021)

 

Research article
Digital tools in the informed consent process: a systematic review
Providing understandable information to patients is necessary to achieve the aims of the Informed Consent process: respecting and promoting patients’ autonomy and protecting patients from harm. In recent decades, new, primarily digital technologies have been used to apply and test innovative formats of Informed Consent. We conducted a systematic review to explore the impact of using digital tools for Informed Consent in both clinical research and in clinical practice. Understanding, satisfaction and participation were compared for digital tools versus the non-digital Informed Consent process…
Digital technologies for informed consent were not found to negatively affect any of the outcomes, and overall, multimedia tools seem desirable. Multimedia tools indicated a higher impact than videos only. Presence of a researcher may potentially enhance efficacy of different outcomes in research IC processes. Studies were heterogeneous in design, making evaluation of impact challenging. Robust study design including standardization is needed to conclusively assess impact.
Authors: Francesco Gesualdo, Margherita Daverio, Laura Palazzani, Dimitris Dimitriou, Javier Diez-Domingo, Jaime Fons-Martinez, Sally Jackson, Pascal Vignally, Caterina Rizzo and Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
27 February 2021

The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China

Posted on by

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 27 Feb 2021)

 

The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China
Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the…
Authors: Chathika K Weerasuriya, Rebecca C Harris, C Finn McQuaid, Fiammetta Bozzani, Yunzhou Ruan, Renzhong Li, Tao Li, Kirankumar Rade, Raghuram Rao, Ann M Ginsberg, Gabriela B Gomez and Richard G White
Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:60
Content type: Research article
Published on: 26 February 2021

Following the science? Comparison of methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 and other research from the first wave of the pandemic

Posted on by

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 27 Feb 2021)

 

Following the science? Comparison of methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 and other research from the first wave of the pandemic
Following the initial identification of the 2019 coronavirus disease (covid-19), the subsequent months saw substantial increases in published biomedical research. Concerns have been raised in both scientific and lay press around the quality of some of this research. We assessed clinical research from major clinical journals, comparing methodological and reporting quality of covid-19 papers published in the first wave (here defined as December 2019 to May 2020 inclusive) of the viral pandemic with non-covid papers published at the same time… Across various measures, we have demonstrated that covid-19 research from the first wave of the pandemic was potentially of lower quality than contemporaneous non-covid research. While some differences may be an inevitable consequence of conducting research during a viral pandemic, poor reporting should not be accepted.
Authors: Terence J. Quinn, Jennifer K. Burton, Ben Carter, Nicola Cooper, Kerry Dwan, Ryan Field, Suzanne C. Freeman, Claudia Geue, Ping-Hsuan Hsieh, Kris McGill, Clareece R. Nevill, Dikshyanta Rana, Alex Sutton, Martin Taylor Rowan and Yiqiao Xin
Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:46
Content type: Research article
Published on: 23 February 2021

Regulatory Agilities in the Time of COVID-19: Overview, Trends, and Opportunities

Posted on by

Clinical Therapeutics
January 2021 Volume 43 Issue 1 p1-210, e1-e32
http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current

 

Review
Regulatory Agilities in the Time of COVID-19: Overview, Trends, and Opportunities
While many regulatory measures have been introduced temporarily as a response to the COVID-19 crisis, there are opportunities for leveraging an understanding from these approaches in order to collectively achieve more efficient regulatory systems and to mitigate and address the impact of COVID-19 and further future-proof the regulatory environment.
Winona Rei Bolislis, et al
Published online: November 30, 2020

Reduced Mortality After Oral Polio Vaccination and Increased Mortality After Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccination in Children in a Low-income Setting

Posted on by

Clinical Therapeutics
January 2021 Volume 43 Issue 1 p1-210, e1-e32
http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current

 

Original Research
Reduced Mortality After Oral Polio Vaccination and Increased Mortality After Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccination in Children in a Low-income Setting
Christian Bjerregård Øland, et al
Published online: December 02, 2020

A Code of Ethics for Gene Drive Research

Posted on by

The CRISPR Journal
Volume 4, Issue 1 / February 2021
https://www.liebertpub.com/toc/crispr/4/1

 

Perspectives Open Access
A Code of Ethics for Gene Drive Research
George J. Annas, et al
Pages:19–24
Published Online:10 February 2021
https://doi.org/10.1089/crispr.2020.0096
Abstract
Gene drives hold promise for use in controlling insect vectors of diseases, agricultural pests, and for conservation of ecosystems against invasive species. At the same time, this technology comes with potential risks that include unknown downstream effects on entire ecosystems as well as the accidental or nefarious spread of organisms that carry the gene drive machinery. A code of ethics can be a useful tool for all parties involved in the development and regulation of gene drives and can be used to help ensure that a balanced analysis of risks, benefits, and values is taken into consideration in the interest of society and humanity. We have developed a code of ethics for gene drive research with the hope that this code will encourage the development of an international framework that includes ethical guidance of gene drive research and is incorporated into scientific practice by gaining broad agreement and adherence.

COVID-19 vaccines and treatments nationalism: Challenges for low-income countries and the attainment of the SDGs

Posted on by

Global Public Health
Volume 16, Issue 3 (2021)
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current

 

Article
COVID-19 vaccines and treatments nationalism: Challenges for low-income countries and the attainment of the SDGs
Godwell Nhamo, David Chikodzi, Hlengiwe Precious Kunene & Nthivhiseni Mashula
Pages: 319-339
Published online: 15 Dec 2020

Acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine in schools in Lusaka in Zambia: Role of community and formal health system factors

Posted on by

Global Public Health
Volume 16, Issue 3 (2021)
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rgph20/current

 

Article
Acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine in schools in Lusaka in Zambia: Role of community and formal health system factors
Fortress Kucheba, Oliver Mweemba, Tulani Francis L. Matenga & Joseph Mumba Zulu
Pages: 378-389
Published online: 25 Aug 2020

Disability inclusion in humanitarian action

Posted on by

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 78, October 2020
https://odihpn.org/magazine/inclusion-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-humanitarian-action-what-now/

 

Disability inclusion in humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Sherin Alsheikh Ahmed from Islamic Relief Worldwide, is disability inclusion in humanitarian action. Persons with disabilities are not only disproportionately impacted by conflicts, disasters and other emergencies, but also face barriers to accessing humanitarian assistance. At the same time, global commitments and standards and the IASC Guidelines on the inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action all emphasise how persons with disabilities are also active agents of change. Disability and age-focused organisations have led on testing and demonstrating how inclusion can be done better. Yet despite this progress, challenges to effective inclusion remain.

As Kirstin Lange notes in the lead article, chief among these challenges is humanitarian agencies’ lack of engagement with organisations of persons with disabilities. Simione Bula, Elizabeth Morgan and Teresa Thomson look at disability inclusion in humanitarian response in the Pacific, and Kathy Al Jubeh and Alradi Abdalla argue for a ‘participation revolution’, building on learning from the gender movement. Tchaurea Fleury and Sulayman AbdulMumuni Ujah outline how the Bridge Article 11 training initiative is encouraging constructive exchange between humanitarian and disability actors. The lack of good, disaggregated data is highlighted by Sarah Collinson; Frances Hill, Jim Cranshaw and Carys Hughes emphasise the need for training resources in local languages and accessible formats; and Sophie Van Eetvelt and colleagues report on a review of the evidence on inclusion of people with disabilities and older people.

Rebecca Molyneux and co-authors analyse the findings of a review of a DFID programme in north-east Nigeria, while Carolin Funke highlights the importance of strategic partnerships between disability-focused organisations, drawing on her research in Cox’s Bazar. Sherin Alsheikh Ahmed describes Islamic Relief Worldwide’s approach to mainstreaming protection and inclusion, while Pauline Thivillier and Valentina Shafina outline IRC’s Client Responsive Programming. The edition ends with reflections by Mirela Turcanu and Yves Ngunzi Kahashi on CAFOD’s SADI approach.

All-Cause Excess Mortality and COVID-19–Related Mortality Among US Adults Aged 25-44 Years, March-July 2020

Posted on by

JAMA
February 23, 2021, Vol 325, No. 8, Pages 705-798
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Research Letter
All-Cause Excess Mortality and COVID-19–Related Mortality Among US Adults Aged 25-44 Years, March-July 2020
Jeremy Samuel Faust, MD, MS; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM; Chengan Du, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2021;325(8):785-787. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.24243
This study compares all-cause excess mortality and COVID-19–related mortality during the early pandemic period (March-July 2020) with unintentional drug overdoses, the usual leading cause of death in young adults, during the same period in 2018 among adults aged 25 to 44 years.

Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Related to COVID-19

Posted on by

JAMA
February 23, 2021, Vol 325, No. 8, Pages 705-798
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Health Policy
Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Related to COVID-19
Leo Lopez III, MD, MHS; Louis H. Hart III, MD; Mitchell H. Katz, MD
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. 2021;325(8):719-720. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26443
This Viewpoint reviews data demonstrating worse risk and outcomes for non-White patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and makes policy proposals to mitigate the disparities, including expansion of Medicaid eligibility to expand health care access, multilingual and culturally appropriate communication and outreach, and easing accessibility to social services through health care contacts to address housing, food, legal, and economic stressors.

A Viral Pandemic, Vaccine Safety, and Compensation for Adverse Events

Posted on by

JAMA
February 23, 2021, Vol 325, No. 8, Pages 705-798
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

A Viral Pandemic, Vaccine Safety, and Compensation for Adverse Events
H. Cody Meissner, MD
free access
JAMA. 2021;325(8):721-722. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26792
This Viewpoint reviews the system in place to compensate US residents for proven vaccine injury via the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program and emphasizes that the benefit of COVID-19 vaccines outweighs any potential harm.

Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Posted on by

JAMA
February 23, 2021, Vol 325, No. 8, Pages 705-798
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Clinical Update
Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine
Tom Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA; Narayan Nair, MD
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. 2021;325(8):780-781. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.0600
This JAMA Insights review provides clinical details of anaphylactic reactions reported to and verified by the CDC in the first week of use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in the US, December 14-23, 2020.

Evidence‐based Chinese medicine for the response to public health emergencies: The Guangzhou declaration

Posted on by

Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
Volume 14, Issue 1 Pages: 1-81 February 2021
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17565391/current

 

EDITORIAL
Evidence‐based Chinese medicine for the response to public health emergencies: The Guangzhou declaration
Xiaojia Ni et al for the Evidence‐based Traditional and Integrative Medicine Responding to Public Health Emergencies Working Group
Pages: 3-4
First Published: 07 February 2021

Evidence‐based traditional Chinese medicine research: Two decades of development, its impact, and breakthrough

Posted on by

Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
Volume 14, Issue 1 Pages: 1-81 February 2021
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17565391/current

 

REVIEW
Evidence‐based traditional Chinese medicine research: Two decades of development, its impact, and breakthrough
Guihua Tian et al
Pages: 65-74
First Published: 22 February 2021

From hydroxychloroquine to ivermectin: what are the anti-viral properties of anti-parasitic drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2?

Posted on by

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 28, Issue 2, March 2021
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue

 

Systematic Review
Editor’s Choice
From hydroxychloroquine to ivermectin: what are the anti-viral properties of anti-parasitic drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2?
S Rakedzon, MD, A Neuberger, MD, A J Domb, Professor, N Petersiel, MD, E Schwartz

SARS-CoV-2 testing to assure safety in air travel

Posted on by

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 28, Issue 2, March 2021
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue

 

SARS-CoV-2 testing to assure safety in air travel
Lin H Chen, MD, Robert Steffen, MD
Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume 28, Issue 2, March 2021, taaa241, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa241
To support the resumption of travel, rational and consistent testing and quarantine guidelines will be critical. Uniformity in the documentation of COVID-19 test results and vaccination will also be important. We discuss evidence to support standardized testing and quarantine requirements and propose a strategy to allow ease in travel planning.

50 years of the inverse care law

Posted on by

The Lancet
Feb 27, 2021 Volume 397 Number 10276 p767-852, e7
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Editorial
50 years of the inverse care law
The Lancet
“The availability of good medical care tends to vary with the need for it in the population served. This inverse care law operates more completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces, and less so where such exposure is reduced.”
These understated opening lines of Julian Tudor Hart’s paper, The Inverse Care Law, are as relevant now (50 years to the day since publication) as in 1971. The paper is one of the landmark publications in The Lancet’s near 200-year history, and the resonance of Tudor Hart’s definition of the inverse care law has global and timeless importance. Simply expressed, Tudor Hart observed that disadvantaged populations need more health care than advantaged populations, but receive less…

The inverse care law re-examined: a global perspective

Posted on by

The Lancet
Feb 27, 2021 Volume 397 Number 10276 p767-852, e7
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Health Policy
The inverse care law re-examined: a global perspective
Richard Cookson, Tim Doran, Miqdad Asaria, Indrani Gupta, Fiorella Parra Mujica
Summary
An inverse care law persists in almost all low-income and middle-income countries, whereby socially disadvantaged people receive less, and lower-quality, health care despite having greater need. By contrast, a disproportionate care law persists in high-income countries, whereby socially disadvantaged people receive more health care, but of worse quality and insufficient quantity to meet their additional needs. Both laws are caused not only by financial barriers and fragmented health insurance systems but also by social inequalities in care seeking and co-investment as well as the costs and benefits of health care. Investing in more integrated universal health coverage and stronger primary care, delivered in proportion to need, can improve population health and reduce health inequality. However, trade-offs sometimes exist between health policy objectives. Health-care technologies, policies, and resourcing should be subjected to distributional analysis of their equity impacts, to ensure the objective of reducing health inequalities is kept in sight.
and threaten an upswing in armed conflict.

Approval of artificial intelligence and machine learning-based medical devices in the USA and Europe (2015–20): a comparative analysis

Posted on by

Lancet Digital Health
Mar 2021 Volume 3 Number 3 e135-e203
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Health Policy
Approval of artificial intelligence and machine learning-based medical devices in the USA and Europe (2015–20): a comparative analysis
Urs J Muehlematter, Paola Daniore, Kerstin N Vokinger
Summary
There has been a surge of interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML)-based medical devices. However, it is poorly understood how and which AI/ML-based medical devices have been approved in the USA and Europe. We searched governmental and non-governmental databases to identify 222 devices approved in the USA and 240 devices in Europe. The number of approved AI/ML-based devices has increased substantially since 2015, with many being approved for use in radiology. However, few were qualified as high-risk devices. Of the 124 AI/ML-based devices commonly approved in the USA and Europe, 80 were first approved in Europe. One possible reason for approval in Europe before the USA might be the potentially relatively less rigorous evaluation of medical devices in Europe. The substantial number of approved devices highlight the need to ensure rigorous regulation of these devices. Currently, there is no specific regulatory pathway for AI/ML-based medical devices in the USA or Europe. We recommend more transparency on how devices are regulated and approved to enable and improve public trust, efficacy, safety, and quality of AI/ML-based medical devices. A comprehensive, publicly accessible database with device details for Conformité Européene (CE)-marked medical devices in Europe and US Food and Drug Administration approved devices is needed.

A scorecard of progress towards measles elimination in 15 west African countries, 2001–19: a retrospective, multicountry analysis of national immunisation coverage and surveillance data

Posted on by

Lancet Global Health
Mar 2021 Volume 9 Number 3 e218-e371
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Articles
A scorecard of progress towards measles elimination in 15 west African countries, 2001–19: a retrospective, multicountry analysis of national immunisation coverage and surveillance data
Oghenebrume Wariri, et al.

The direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the Latin American and Caribbean region (SIREVA 2006–17): a multicentre, retrospective observational study

Posted on by

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2021 Volume 21 Number 3 p297-438, e36-e63
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Articles
The direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the Latin American and Caribbean region (SIREVA 2006–17): a multicentre, retrospective observational study
Clara Inés Agudelo, et al. and the the SIREVA Working Group

The scientific and ethical feasibility of immunity passports

Posted on by

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2021 Volume 21 Number 3 p297-438, e36-e63
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Personal View
The scientific and ethical feasibility of immunity passports
Rebecca C H Brown, Dominic Kelly, Dominic Wilkinson, Julian Savulescu
Summary
There is much debate about the use of immunity passports in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some have argued that immunity passports are unethical and impractical, pointing to uncertainties relating to COVID-19 immunity, issues with testing, perverse incentives, doubtful economic benefits, privacy concerns, and the risk of discriminatory effects. We first review the scientific feasibility of immunity passports. Considerable hurdles remain, but increasing understanding of the neutralising antibody response to COVID-19 might make identifying members of the community at low risk of contracting and transmitting COVID-19 possible. We respond to the ethical arguments against immunity passports and give the positive ethical arguments. First, a strong presumption should be in favour of preserving people’s free movement if at all feasible. Second, failing to recognise the reduced infection threat immune individuals pose risks punishing people for low-risk behaviour. Finally, further individual and social benefits are likely to accrue from allowing people to engage in free movement. Challenges relating to the implementation of immunity passports ought to be met with targeted solutions so as to maximise their benefit.

Host genetics and infectious disease: new tools, insights and translational opportunities

Posted on by

Nature Reviews Genetics
Volume 22 Issue 3, March 2021
https://www.nature.com/nrg/volumes/22/issues/3

 

Review Article | 04 December 2020
Host genetics and infectious disease: new tools, insights and translational opportunities
Infectious diseases are an ever-present global threat. In this Review, Kwok, Mentzer and Knight discuss our latest understanding of how human genetics influence susceptibility to disease. Furthermore, they discuss emerging progress in the interplay between host and pathogen genetics, molecular responses to infection and vaccination, and opportunities to bring these aspects together for rapid responses to emerging diseases such as COVID-19.
Andrew J. Kwok, Alex Mentzer & Julian C. Knight