Reflections on 25 Years of Health and Human Rights: History, Context, and the Need for Strategic Action

Health and Human Rights
Volume 22, Issue 1, June 2020
https://www.hhrjournal.org/volume-22-issue-1-june-2020/

 

Special Section: Mental Health and Human Rights
Viewpoints
Reflections on 25 Years of Health and Human Rights: History, Context, and the Need for Strategic Action
Sofia Gruskin
…The crisis of the moment calls for us to be strategic, not just reactive, and to be able to count on one another whatever our past and present differences. Taking a long view, the stakes are just too high. As a first step we need to support publication of efforts in all domains—research, programming, service delivery, and activism—that can help to ensure the health and human rights of all people, and however “sensitive” the issue, do not slide off the table simply because it’s a complicated political moment. We risk losing not only the gains made so far, but attention and support for the very many tough issues at the crux of health and human rights work. We need more than ever to draw attention to all that is happening to undermine health and rights, and collectively determine how to directly take this on wherever we work. This is not simply a matter of academic concern. It tangibly matters for the health and lives of people around the globe. Twenty-five years since its inception, the importance of the Journal, and the space it provides to keep critical issues on the table in academic, policy, and programmatic discussions, has never been greater..

COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 16, Issue 6, 2020
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

 

Review
COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics
Kuldeep Dhama , Khan Sharun , Ruchi Tiwari , Maryam Dadar , Yashpal Singh Malik , Karam Pal Singh & Wanpen Chaicumpa
Pages: 1232-1238
Published online: 18 Mar 2020

Polio vaccination campaign in Pakistan: a step towards eradication or still a challenge in hand?

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 16, Issue 6, 2020
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

 

Article Commentary
Polio vaccination campaign in Pakistan: a step towards eradication or still a challenge in hand?
Tauseef Ahmad , Muhammad Khan , Taha Hussein Musa & Jin Hui
Pages: 1444-1445
Published online: 25 Mar 2020

Armed conflict, a neglected determinant of childhood vaccination: some children are left behind

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (formerly Human Vaccines)
Volume 16, Issue 6, 2020
http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/khvi20/current

 

Review
Armed conflict, a neglected determinant of childhood vaccination: some children are left behind
Ngo Valery Ngo , Ngambouk Vitalis Pemunta , Nyenkuna Elisabeth Muluh , Miranda Adedze , Nduma Basil & Simon Agwale
Pages: 1454-1463
Published online: 06 Dec 2019

Strategies supporting the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Strategies supporting the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases represent a public health challenge of international concern. They include a large group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), many of which are of zoonotic nature. …
Authors: John P. Ehrenberg, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Gilberto Fontes, Eliana M. M. Rocha, Marcel Tanner and Jürg Utzinger
Citation: Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020 9:86
Content type: Commentary
Published on: 10 July 2020

Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA
July 7, 2020, Vol 324, No. 1, Pages 7-110
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Viewpoint
Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
G. Caleb Alexander, MD, MS; Dima M. Qato, PharmD, MPH, PhD
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(1):31-32. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6016
This Viewpoint proposes strategies to ensure adequate supply and distribution of medication in the US during and beyond the coronavirus pandemic, including development and funding of a national essential medicines supply, allocation strategies to prevent stockpiling, and funding of home delivery services to ensure adequate access for lower income and underserved populations.

Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA
July 7, 2020, Vol 324, No. 1, Pages 7-110
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Viewpoint
Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic
G. Caleb Alexander, MD, MS; Dima M. Qato, PharmD, MPH, PhD
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(1):31-32. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6016
This Viewpoint proposes strategies to ensure adequate supply and distribution of medication in the US during and beyond the coronavirus pandemic, including development and funding of a national essential medicines supply, allocation strategies to prevent stockpiling, and funding of home delivery services to ensure adequate access for lower income and underserved populations.

Conducting Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Protecting Scientific Integrity

JAMA
July 7, 2020, Vol 324, No. 1, Pages 7-110
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Viewpoint
Conducting Clinical Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Protecting Scientific Integrity
Thomas R. Fleming, PhD; Dominic Labriola, PhD; Janet Wittes, PhD
free access
JAMA. 2020;324(1):33-34. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.9286
This Viewpoint discusses procedures to ensure the safety of RCT participants without sacrificing the validity of trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including home-based test drug administration and outcome measurement, prespecifying stopping rules for pandemic-related interruptions, and stratifying analyses by pandemic-imposed differences in study conduct.

Patterns of Influenza Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Young US Children Who Receive Outpatient Care for Acute Respiratory Tract Illness

JAMA Pediatrics
July 2020, Vol 174, No. 7, Pages 633-736
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Original Investigation
Patterns of Influenza Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness Among Young US Children Who Receive Outpatient Care for Acute Respiratory Tract Illness
Jessie R. Chung, MPH; Brendan Flannery, PhD; Manjusha Gaglani, MBBS; et al.
JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):705-713. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0372
This case-control study compares vaccine effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in infants and children who received 1 vs 2 doses of influenza vaccine.

The Case for Why Africa Should Host COVID-19 Candidate Vaccine Trials

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 222, Issue 3, 1 August 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/222/3

 

COVID PERSPECTIVES
The Case for Why Africa Should Host COVID-19 Candidate Vaccine Trials
Jerome Amir Singh
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 222, Issue 3, 1 August 2020, Pages 351–355, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa303
African sites should be central to COVID-19 vaccine trial site mapping. Such an approach is in the interests of public health, scientifically responsible, and realizes key ethics values.

Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 222, Issue 3, 1 August 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/222/3

 

COVID-2019
Paying Participants in COVID-19 Trials
Emily A Largent, Holly Fernandez Lynch
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 222, Issue 3, 1 August 2020, Pages 356–361, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa284
Payment for research participation is ethically contentious even under ideal circumstances, and concerns about offering payment are likely to be heightened in the current pandemic. This article describes the role of payment in COVID-19 trials and highlights ethical considerations.

Focus on CRISPR tools and therapies

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 38 Issue 7, July 2020
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/38/issues/7

 

Focus on CRISPR tools and therapies
CRISPR-based genome editing has become a mainstay of experimental biology and is now maturing into a tool for therapeutic applications. Constant progress is being made in designing ever more sophisticated protein machines to catalyze desired changes with high efficiency and specificity, and in the methods to deliver the macromolecules involved to the tissues and cells. Many of the more recent advances have not entered clinical development yet, but will ultimately help therapeutic genome editing fulfill its full potential.

The delivery challenge: fulfilling the promise of therapeutic genome editing

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 38 Issue 7, July 2020
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/38/issues/7

 

Focus on CRISPR tools and therapies
Review Article | 29 June 2020
The delivery challenge: fulfilling the promise of therapeutic genome editing
As CRISPR therapies move into clinical testing, David Schaffer and colleagues review a raft of different delivery technologies being road tested to address cargo capacity limitations, maximize potency, minimize off-target effects and avoid immunogenicity.
Joost van Haasteren, Jie Li[…] & David V. Schaffer

Privacy challenges and research opportunities for genomic data sharing

Nature Genetics
Volume 52 Issue 7, July 2020
https://www.nature.com/ng/volumes/52/issues/7

 

Review Article | 29 June 2020
Privacy challenges and research opportunities for genomic data sharing
This review discusses major privacy threats relevant to collection and analysis of genomic data in the context of direct-to-consumer applications and provides suggestions for improving the design of privacy-protecting approaches.
Luca Bonomi, Yingxiang Huang & Lucila Ohno-Machado

Hepatitis B screening and vaccination status of healthcare providers in Wakiso district, Uganda

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Hepatitis B screening and vaccination status of healthcare providers in Wakiso district, Uganda
Tonny Ssekamatte, Trasias Mukama, Simon P. S. Kibira, Rawlance Ndejjo, Justine Nnakate Bukenya, Zirimala Paul Alex Kimoga, Samuel Etajak, Rebecca Nuwematsiko, Esther Buregyeya, John C. Ssempebwa, John Bosco Isunju, Richard Kibirango Mugambe, Aisha Nalugya, Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Joan Nankya Mutyoba
Research Article | published 09 Jul 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235470

Factors that influence vaccination decision-making among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Factors that influence vaccination decision-making among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Eliz Kilich, Sara Dada, Mark R. Francis, John Tazare, R. Matthew Chico, Pauline Paterson, Heidi J. Larson
Research Article | published 09 Jul 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234827

Moving towards malaria elimination in southern Mozambique: Cost and cost-effectiveness of mass drug administration combined with intensified malaria control

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Moving towards malaria elimination in southern Mozambique: Cost and cost-effectiveness of mass drug administration combined with intensified malaria control
Laia Cirera, Beatriz Galatas, Sergi Alonso, Krijn Paaijmans, Miler Mamuquele, Helena Martí-Soler, Caterina Guinovart, Humberto Munguambe, Fabião Luis, Hoticha Nhantumbo, Júlia Montañà, Quique Bassat, Baltazar Candrinho, Regina Rabinovich, Eusebio Macete, Pedro Aide, Pedro Alonso, Francisco Saúte, Elisa Sicuri
Research Article | published 06 Jul 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235631

Public Trust and Compliance with the Precautionary Measures Against COVID-19 Employed by Authorities in Saudi Arabia

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
https://www.dovepress.com/risk-management-and-healthcare-policy-archive56
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Original Research
Public Trust and Compliance with the Precautionary Measures Against COVID-19 Employed by Authorities in Saudi Arabia
Almutairi AF, BaniMustafa A, Alessa YM, Almutairi SB, Almaleh Y
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020, 13:753-760
Published Date: 8 July 2020

Vaccine hesitancy is strongly associated with distrust of conventional medicine, and only weakly associated with trust in alternative medicine

Social Science & Medicine
Volume 255 June 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/social-science-and-medicine/vol/255/suppl/C

 

Research article Abstract only
Vaccine hesitancy is strongly associated with distrust of conventional medicine, and only weakly associated with trust in alternative medicine
Matthew J. Hornsey, Josep Lobera, Celia Díaz-Catalán
Article 113019

Evidence Synthesis International (ESI): Position Statement

Systematic Reviews
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles
[Accessed 11 July 2020]

 

Evidence Synthesis International (ESI): Position Statement
Authors: David Gough, Phil Davies, Gro Jamtvedt, Etienne Langlois, Julia Littell, Tamara Lotfi, Edoardo Masset, Tracy Merlin, Andrew S. Pullin, Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga, John-Arne Røttingen, Emily Sena, Ruth Stewart, David Tovey, Howard White, Jennifer Yost…
Citation: Systematic Reviews 2020 9:155
Content type: Commentary
Published on: 10 July 2020
This paper is the initial Position Statement of Evidence Synthesis International, a new partnership of organizations that produce, support and use evidence synthesis around the world. The paper (i) argues for the importance of synthesis as a research exercise to clarify what is known from research evidence to inform policy, practice and personal decision making; (ii) discusses core issues for research synthesis such as the role of research evidence in decision making, the role of perspectives, participation and democracy in research and synthesis as a core component of evidence ecosystems; (iii) argues for 9 core principles for ESI on the nature and role of research synthesis; and (iv) lists the 5 main goals of ESI as a coordinating partnership for promoting and enabling the production and use of research synthesis.

Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 31 Pages 4783-4916 (26 June 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/31

 

Conference info Full text access
Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines
Paul-Henri Lambert, Donna M. Ambrosino, Svein R. Andersen, Ralph S. Baric, … Jakob P. Cramer
Pages 4783-4791

The faces of influenza vaccine recommendation: A Literature review of the determinants and barriers to health providers’ recommendation of influenza vaccine in pregnancy

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 31 Pages 4783-4916 (26 June 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/31

 

Review article Open access
The faces of influenza vaccine recommendation: A Literature review of the determinants and barriers to health providers’ recommendation of influenza vaccine in pregnancy
Kathleen F. Morales, Lisa Menning, Philipp Lambach

Estimating population immunity to poliovirus in Lebanon: Results from a seroprevalence survey, 2016

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 31 Pages 4783-4916 (26 June 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/31

 

Research article Abstract only
Estimating population immunity to poliovirus in Lebanon: Results from a seroprevalence survey, 2016
Ziad Mansour, Racha Said, Kathleen Wannemuehler, William Weldon, … Noha H. Farag
Pages 4846-4852

Using Facebook to increase coverage of HPV vaccination among Danish girls: An assessment of a Danish social media campaign

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 31 Pages 4783-4916 (26 June 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/31

 

Research article Abstract only
Using Facebook to increase coverage of HPV vaccination among Danish girls: An assessment of a Danish social media campaign
Louise H. Loft, Eva A. Pedersen, Stine U. Jacobsen, Bolette Søborg, Janne Bigaard
Pages 4901-4908

Strategic health communication on social media: Insights from a Danish social media campaign to address HPV vaccination hesitancy

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 31 Pages 4783-4916 (26 June 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/31

 

Research article Abstract only
Strategic health communication on social media: Insights from a Danish social media campaign to address HPV vaccination hesitancy
Eva A. Pedersen, Louise H. Loft, Stine U. Jacobsen, Bolette Søborg, Janne Bigaard
Pages 4909-4915

Adherence to Vaccination Policy among Public Health Professionals: Results of a National Survey in Italy

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 July 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Adherence to Vaccination Policy among Public Health Professionals: Results of a National Survey in Italy
by Maria Teresa Montagna , Osvalda De Giglio , Christian Napoli , Fabrizio Fasano , Giusy Diella, Rosalba Donnoli , Giuseppina Caggiano , Silvio Tafuri , Pier Luigi Lopalco , Antonella Agodi and GISIO-SItI Working Group
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030379 (registering DOI) – 11 Jul 2020
Abstract
Starting from 2013, the number of unvaccinated people alarmingly increased in Italy; therefore, in 2017 a new Vaccine National Plan was approved. Healthcare workers (HCWs), especially public health professionals (PHPs, i.e., workers in in the sector of hygiene and preventive medicine), have an

Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 July 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Significantly Improved COVID-19 Outcomes in Countries with Higher BCG Vaccination Coverage: A Multivariable Analysis
by Danielle Klinger , Ido Blass , Nadav Rappoport and Michal Linial
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030378 (registering DOI) – 11 Jul 2020
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that started in China has spread within 3 months to the entire globe. We tested the hypothesis that the vaccination against tuberculosis by Bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG) correlates with a better outcome for COVID-19 patients. Our analysis covers 55 countries

Japan’s Ongoing Crisis on HPV Vaccination

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 July 2020)

 

Open Access Review
Japan’s Ongoing Crisis on HPV Vaccination
by Masayuki Sekine , Risa Kudo , Manako Yamaguchi , Sharon J. B. Hanley , Megumi Hara , Sosuke Adachi , Yutaka Ueda , Etsuko Miyagi , Sayaka Ikeda , Asami Yagi and Takayuki Enomoto
Vaccines 2020, 8(3), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030362 – 06 Jul 2020
Abstract
The Japanese government suspended proactive recommendations for the HPV vaccine in June 2013. The suspension is now in its seventh year, despite all the data pointing to the safety of the HPV vaccine. We reported a high vaccine effectiveness in the group

Media/Policy Watch

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

 

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 11 July 2020
Coronavirus: UK opts out of EU Covid-19 vaccine scheme
10 July 2020
The UK will not join the EU Covid-19 vaccine scheme, the UK’s ambassador to the EU Sir Tim Barrow has said.
Sir Tim said if the UK joined the scheme it would have no say on decisions including on price or which manufacturers to negotiate with.
The UK would also be unable to “pursue parallel negotiations with potential vaccine suppliers”, he said in his letter to the European Commission.
The EU scheme aims to secure supplies of potential coronavirus vaccines.
The European Commission plans to enter into agreements with individual vaccine producers on behalf of the bloc’s member states as part of the multi-million pound programme.
In return for the right to buy a specified number of vaccine doses in an agreed timeframe and price, the Commission will finance a part of the vaccine producer’s upfront costs.
Reacting to earlier reports the UK will opt out of the initiative, the Wellcome Trust said countries “urgently” needed to work together “if we’re to stand any chance of delivering global equitable access to a Covid-19 vaccine”…

India scientists alarmed over ‘unrealistic’ Covid vaccine deadline
6 July 2020
A group of Indian scientists has warned a deadline to launch a Covid-19 vaccine for public use is unfeasible.
The Indian Academy of Sciences warned against “any hasty solution that may compromise rigorous scientific processes and standards”.
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) had said it “envisaged” the vaccine to be launched by 15 August, which is India’s Independence Day.
The ICMR has since said the date was “not a deadline”…

 

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 11 July 2020
Lunch with the FT
Anthony Fauci: ‘We are living in the perfect storm’
July 10, 2020

 

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
Jul 10, 2020
Coronavirus Vaccine Approval Might Be Sought This Year, According To CEO
A German biotech firm working with New York-based pharma giant Pfizer Inc. to develop a coronavirus vaccine claims it’s confident it will be ready to seek regulatory approval for widespread distribution of its drug by the end of the year, its chief executive told the Wall Street Journal, making w…
By Karen Robinson-Jacobs Forbes Staff

 

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020 | [No new, unique, relevant content]
Argument
Leaving the WHO Will Hurt Americans’ Health
The World Health Organization is woven into the fabric of U.S. public health, and extricating it won’t be easy.
By Matthew M. Kavanagh, Mara Pillinger
| July 7, 2020, 2:12 PM

Report
‘America First’ vs. ‘The People’s Vaccine’ 
The rise of “vaccine nationalism” threatens to leave poor countries out in the cold.
By Colum Lynch
| July 6, 2020, 2:48 PM

 

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
UK plan to shun EU vaccine scheme ‘unforgivable’, say critics …
10 July 2020 … Health secretary says government believes there is a quicker way to source a coronavirus vaccine for Britons.

 

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

 

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
Fashion
Bulgari Adds Vaccine Research to Its Creations
A multimillion-euro fund initially will benefit doctoral students at Oxford University.
By Ming Liu – July 10

Sunday Review
A Coronavirus Vaccine Won’t Work if People Don’t Take It
We need to start convincing skeptics now.
By Phoebe Danziger – July 9

U.S.
Who Gets a Vaccine First? U.S. Considers Race in Coronavirus Plans
When a vaccine hits the market, it will be a key tool in putting an end to the pandemic. A federal committee is debating giving early access to groups that face a high risk.
By Megan Twohey – July 9

 

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 11 July 2020
Future Development
Can we avoid a lost decade of development?
Kevin Watkins
Thursday, July 9, 2020

Center for Global Development [to 11 July 2020]
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new relevant content]

Chatham House [to 11 July 2020]
https://www.chathamhouse.org/
Video
COVID-19 Pandemic Briefing – Leading a Global Response
8 July 2020
A Chatham House Centenary edition of the weekly COVID-19 pandemic briefing with Professor David Heymann and Emma Ross examines what we have learned in the first six months of the pandemic.

 

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 11 July 2020
Commentary
Advancing Research and Planning for the Equitable Distribution of a Covid-19 Vaccine
July 9, 2020 | By Katherine Bliss

 

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new relevant content]

 

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 11 July 2020
[No new relevant content]

Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review :: 04 July 2020

UNICEF and WHO support national immunization campaign in Syria amid COVID-19 pandemic

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

 

UNICEF and WHO support national immunization campaign in Syria amid COVID-19 pandemic
Damascus, 29 June 2020 – With an aim to maintain vital routine immunization services amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a national immunization campaign supported by WHO and UNICEF has concluded across Syria. During the 5-day campaign, implemented by the Syrian Ministry of Health, health workers checked the vaccination status of more than 900 000 children and vaccinated more than 210 100 children to ensure they are caught up with the routine immunization schedule.

Over 1000 health centres, 545 mobile teams, 666 temporary vaccination posts and more than 8000 health workers were mobilized for the campaign. In-line with WHO global guidelines, health workers were trained on preventative and precautionary measures, including disinfection, hygiene protocols and overcrowding prevention. In addition, they were provided with personal protection equipment for their safety and that of children and caregivers during the immunization campaign.

“No child should miss out on their vaccinations, now more than ever” says Fran Equiza, UNICEF Representative in Syria, “These are difficult times, parents may feel overwhelmed with worries. Our message to them is clear: make sure your kids receive their routine immunizations to avoid vaccine-preventable diseases. When vaccination coverage goes down, more outbreaks will occur, including of life-threatening diseases like measles and polio.”…

WHO and UNICEF noted in a joint health brief published this month that health care disruptions due to COVID-19 could have a devastating impact on child mortality in the Middle East and North Africa. The full and safe resumption of immunization campaigns as well as nutrition services, while following strict precautionary measures for infection prevention, are key to helping tens of thousands of children reach their fifth year of age in good health.

 

COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Access virtual conference [24-25 June 2020]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

 

African Union; Africa CDC
COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Access virtual conference [24-25 June 2020]
Communique from Africa’s Leadership
30 June 2020
We, African Union Ministers of Health and Heads of Delegation gathered on 24–25 June 2020 for the virtual conference to develop a vaccine strategy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Africa.
Preamble
RECALLING the Heads of State and Government’s Declaration in July 2013 at the African Union Special Summit on HIV, TB and Malaria in Abuja, Nigeria, in which African leaders recognised the need for an Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to conduct life-saving research on priority health challenges and to serve as a platform to share knowledge and build capacity to respond to public health emergencies and threats in Africa.
NOTING that the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government in 2014 devoted to responding to the Ebola virus disease outbreak, African leaders formally endorsed an accelerated timeline to launch Africa CDC, together with its five Regional Collaborating Centres.
FURTHER NOTING that Africa CDC was launched in January 2017 and established as a specialised technical institution of the African Union, with the responsibility of promoting the control and prevention of diseases in Africa.
CONSCIOUS of the fact that the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020, and declared a pandemic on 11 March 2020, having infected over 9 million persons and caused the deaths of nearly half a million persons globally – including more than 350,000 cases and 9,000 deaths on the African continent.
ALSO CONSCIOUS of the fact that any further potential spread of COVID-19 on the continent is a social, economic, and security threat for Africa, and that the African Union Agenda 2063, which is a strategic framework for the socio-economic transformation of the continent over the next 50 years, will be severely disrupted by disease outbreaks such as COVID-19 if there are no measures for timely coordination, collaboration, communication, and cooperation.
COGNISANT that COVID-19 is spreading rapidly across our continent, which will compound the existing health challenges that Africa already faces, including: (1) rapid population growth leading to increased population movement across the continent and the world; (2) existing endemic diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria, (re-) emerging infectious diseases, and the ascendance of antimicrobial resistance; (3) increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases and injuries; (4) persistently high maternal mortality rates; (5) threats posed by environmental toxins; and (6) fragile health infrastructure, with limited resilience to numerous disease outbreaks.
RECALLING the 29th Ordinary Session of the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government, held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 3 to 4 July 2017; in which the Heads of State expressed deep concern about the increasing recurrence of epidemics on our continent and their enormous socio-economic impact, as well as the inadequate implementation of the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR). As such, they committed to: (1) accelerate the implementation of IHR at national, provincial and local levels with a clear roadmap and monitoring mechanisms; (2) institute multi-sectorial mechanisms to accelerate the implementation of IHR; and (3) mobilise the necessary resources to implement the roadmaps for acceleration of implementation of IHR.
FURTHER RECALLING the WHO’s role in managing IHR capacity development in Member States.
NOTING the duty and political mandate of national public health institutes (NPHIs) to respond to PHEIC, working in partnership with WHO and all relevant stakeholders.
ALSO NOTING the strong evidence that health security depends on the establishment of resilient and adaptive national health systems, with a clearly defined public health coordination mechanism.
RECALLING that during the 22 February 2020 emergency meeting of African Ministers of Health, Ministers endorsed the Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak, including Africa CDC’s leadership role in coordinating the response on the continent.
RECOGNISING the efforts by African Union Member States in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on how the continent can prepare for the research and development, manufacturing, procurement, financing, delivery and uptake of a potential COVID-19 vaccine.
The Conference on Africa’s Leadership on COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Access
COLLECTIVELY agrees that identifying and scaling-up an effective COVID-19 vaccine is critical to slow the spread of the disease, protect vulnerable populations and ultimately return our society and economies back to normal and towards Africa’s broader global development agenda.
RECOGNISE the barriers that intellectual property, including patents, trade secrets and other technological knowhow has posed to timely introduction of affordable vaccines in developing countries in the past.
ACKNOWLEDGE this experience, noting that there is an urgent need for countries to make full use of legal and policy measures, including flexibilities enshrined under the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and Doha Declaration, South-South and North-South collaboration to ensure monopolies do not stand in the way of access to COVID-19 vaccines.
COMMEND the efforts of Africa CDC to coordinate implementation of the Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak and to rapidly establish an Africa COVID-19 vaccine development and access strategy, which will serve as the roadmap to better coordinate and scale-up efforts across Africa. The strategy will have two major prongs:
[i] securing sufficient vaccine supply; and
[ii] removing barriers to vaccine roll-out
WELCOME the close collaboration between Africa CDC, WHO, African Vaccine Regulatory Forum as well as other relevant stakeholders in supporting countries to strengthen their capacity to adopt and scale-up a vaccine for COVID-19, once clinical approval of a viable vaccine candidate is achieved.
(i) Securing Sufficient Vaccine Supply
ADVOCATE for Africa to receive a sufficient global allocation for timely access to a potential COVID-19 vaccine, including partnership with the COVAX facility within the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator initiative, and additional support from partner countries and regional bodies.
CALL FOR an equitable and timely distribution of vaccine supply within the African continent, both across and within countries, taking into account equity in gender and socioeconomic status.
CALL UPON the African Union Commission, donors, and partners to support Africa’s efforts to secure the necessary vaccine supply by providing the necessary financial resources.
ALSO CALL UPON all countries to remove all obstacles, including, but not limited to, the use of the flexibilities provided in the TRIPS agreement, in line with the recommendations of the 73rd World Health Assembly resolution on the COVID-19 response, to ensure that all relevant technologies, intellectual property, data and know how are openly and immediately made available and rapidly scaled-up.
FURTHER CALL UPON African Union Member States to raise domestic resources to support the efforts to secure upfront vaccine supplies for the continent.
(ii) Removing Barriers to Vaccine Roll-out
DEVELOP a continent-wide clinical trial network to better connect organisations that are supporting efforts to test potential vaccine candidates; a network responsible for sharing information, resources, and knowledge in order to increase the data on vaccine efficacy and safety for the African population.
ENABLE an effective regulatory control structure for the vaccine, which includes implementing indemnification for vaccine manufacturers, fast-tracked regulatory approvals at country level, and a robust infrastructure for ongoing monitoring of vaccine efficacy and safety.
ENSURE that the vaccine can be effectively delivered to target populations by strengthening distribution and supply chain networks in countries, and deploying innovative delivery models to reach the people in need.
DRIVE a set of community engagement efforts across the continent to better inform key opinion leaders and the general public on the need for the vaccine and the benefit thereof, to ensure effective uptake and minimise the dissemination of inaccurate public health information.
PARTNER and collaborate with relevant global stakeholders to enable technology transfer to ramp up domestic vaccine production capacity so that Africa can better control its supply of the vaccine over time.
REQUEST the African Union Commission and Africa CDC to follow-up on the implementation of Africa COVID-19 vaccines development and access strategy, and report to the African Union Heads of State and Government regularly and seek collaboration with United Nations agencies and other partners.

 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Takes Action to Help Facilitate Timely Development of Safe, Effective COVID-19 Vaccines

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Takes Action to Help Facilitate Timely Development of Safe, Effective COVID-19 Vaccines
June 30, 2020
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration took important action to help facilitate the timely development of safe and effective vaccines to prevent COVID-19 by providing guidance with recommendations for those developing COVID-19 vaccines for the ultimate purpose of licensure. The guidance, which reflects advice the FDA has been providing over the past several months to companies, researchers, and others, describes the agency’s current recommendations regarding the data needed to facilitate the manufacturing, clinical development, and approval of a COVID-19 vaccine.

“We recognize the urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine to prevent COVID-19 and continue to work collaboratively with industry, researchers, as well as federal, domestic, and international partners to accelerate these efforts. While the FDA is committed to expediting this work, we will not cut corners in our decisions and are making clear through this guidance what data should be submitted to meet our regulatory standards. This is particularly important, as we know that some people are skeptical of vaccine development efforts,” said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D. “We have not lost sight of our responsibility to the American people to maintain our regulatory independence and ensure our decisions related to all medical products, including COVID-19 vaccines, are based on science and the available data. This is a commitment that the American public can have confidence in and one that I will continue to uphold.”

Vaccines have been highly effective in preventing a range of serious infectious diseases. The FDA has the scientific expertise to evaluate any potential COVID-19 vaccine candidate regardless of the technology used to produce or to administer the vaccine. This includes the different technologies such as DNA, RNA, protein and viral vectored vaccines being developed by commercial vaccine manufacturers and other entities.

“In this particular crisis in which there is so much at stake, we need to help expedite vaccine development as much as we can without sacrificing our standards for quality, safety, and efficacy. We firmly believe that transparency regarding the FDA’s current thinking about the scientific data needed to support approval of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines will help build public confidence in the FDA’s evaluation process, which will be critical in ensuring their use,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “Right now, neither the FDA nor the scientific community can predict how quickly data will be generated from vaccine clinical trials. Once data are generated, the agency is committed to thoroughly and expeditiously evaluating it all. But make no mistake: the FDA will only approve or make available a COVID-19 vaccine if we determine that it meets the high standards that people have come to expect of the agency.”

The guidance published today, “Development and Licensure of Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19,” provides an overview of key considerations to satisfy requirements for chemistry, manufacturing and control, nonclinical and clinical data through development and licensure, and for post-licensure safety evaluation. Importantly, given the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunology, the goal of development programs at this time should be to support traditional FDA approval by conducting studies to directly evaluate the ability of the vaccine to protect humans from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or disease.

The FDA strongly encourages the inclusion of diverse populations in all phases of clinical development, including populations most affected by COVID-19, specifically racial and ethnic minorities, as well as adequate representation in late phase trials of elderly individuals and those with medical comorbidities. Sponsors are also encouraged to include studies in their development plans that would provide data to support use during pregnancy, as well as plan for pediatric assessments of safety and effectiveness.

 

The guidance also discusses the importance of ensuring that the sizes of clinical trials are large enough to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of a vaccine. It conveys that the FDA would expect that a COVID-19 vaccine would prevent disease or decrease its severity in at least 50% of people who are vaccinated.

Additionally, after approval by the FDA, the safety of all vaccines, including a COVID-19 vaccine, continues to be closely monitored using various existing surveillance systems. The FDA may also require post-marketing studies to further assess known or potential serious risks.

The guidance also notes that, as more is learned about SARS-CoV-2 immunology and vaccine immune responses, consideration may be given to the FDA’s Accelerated Approval pathway for vaccine licensure. However, identification of an immune response or other measure that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit would be needed for a specific vaccine candidate to use of this pathway. Due to the current public health emergency, the guidance also addresses considerations regarding Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of an investigational vaccine – making clear that an assessment regarding any potential EUA for a COVID-19 vaccine would be made on a case-by-case basis considering the target population, the characteristics of the product, and the totality of the relevant, available scientific evidence, including preclinical and human clinical study data on the product’s safety and effectiveness…

 

ACT-Accelerator moves to expand access to dexamethasone for low- and middle-income countries for COVID-19 treatment

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

 

ACT-Accelerator moves to expand access to dexamethasone for low- and middle-income countries for COVID-19 treatment
02 July 2020 | Press releases
Geneva – Unitaid and Wellcome have joined forces with partners in the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A) to expand access to dexamethasone for low- and middle-income countries as part ensuring equitable access to therapeutics in the COVID-19 response.

Working with other partners in the ACT-A Therapeutics Partnership, UNICEF and Unitaid have agreed an initial purchase of oral and injectable dexamethasone to secure quality treatment. This move will support access for patients in low- and middle-income countries, where it is expected that up to 4.5 million patients could benefit from dexamethasone based on preliminary projection of needs.

Initial funding has been committed equally by UNICEF and Unitaid, with additional funding to come from pledges made to the ACT-A Therapeutics Partnership.

This is a concrete example of the efforts to coordinate a global response to the COVID-19 pandemic through the ACT-A, and in particular the Therapeutics Partnership. Under the joint leadership of Unitaid and Wellcome the ACT-A Therapeutics Partnership is continuing work to identify, accelerate and deliver therapeutics for COVID-19.

Dr Philippe Duneton, Unitaid Executive Director a.i., said, “With this advanced purchase we aim to ensure equitable access for low- and middle-income countries for treatment of COVID-19 with the life-saving drug dexamethasone, and avoid shortages resulting from high-levels of demand from other parts of the world. It will allow UNICEF, the Global Fund and other partners to procure quality dexamethasone.”

Paul Schreier, Chief Operating Officer, Wellcome, said “Dexamethasone is the first and only drug that has made a significant difference to patient mortality for COVID-19, and this agreement will help patients in low-and middle income countries access it.

Researchers have worked at an unprecedented speed to get these results. The ACT-Accelerator is matching this pace by ensuring manufacturing and delivery is as smooth – and equitable – as possible. We don’t yet know which treatments, tests and vaccines will be the most effective, which is why we must invest in wide range of options – at risk and at scale.”

“UNICEF and Unitaid along with other ACT Accelerator partners have taken steps now to pre-empt market constraints to facilitate access to a demonstrated life-saving product,” said Etleva Kadilli, Director of the UNICEF supply and procurement headquarters. “I am proud of the collaboration, agility and expertise that will allow us to secure these initial quantities of Dexamethasone. It represents another step towards equitable access to much-needed COVID-19 tools particularly for low and middle income countries. UNICEF will work with WHO and government partners to deliver these medicines and to procure more as more funds are made available.”

Dexamethasone is a low-cost corticosteroid, a class of medicines used to provide relief for inflammation. Evidence announced in June 2020 suggested that dexamethasone can save lives of patients with severe or critical symptoms of COVID-19 that are on ventilators or receiving oxygen therapy.

The World Health Organization is expected to issue revised guidance on the use of dexamethasone in the coming weeks, and this together with national guidelines, will be essential to ensure dexamethasone is used safely and appropriately.

 

EMERGENCIES: Coronavirus [COVID-19]

EMERGENCIES

Coronavirus [COVID-19]
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

WHO – Situation report – 166 
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
4 July 2020

Confirmed cases :: 10 922 324
Confirmed deaths :: 523 011
Countries, areas or territories with cases :: 216

Highlights
:: WHO is providing support to bridge a shortfall in oxygen supplies in Iraq. To counter severe shortages, WHO has airlifted 300 oxygen concentrators from WHO’s warehouses in the United Arab Emirates.
:: As African countries begin to reopen borders and air spaces, it is crucial that governments take effective measures to mitigate the risk of a surge in infections.
:: The UN Secretary-General, Mr António Guterres in his remarks to the Security Council on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security warned that the COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting peace and security around the world. He stated that “Collective security and our shared well-being are under assault on many fronts led by a relentless disease and abetted by global fragilities.”
:: In Yemen, healthcare workers face a double battle – COVID-19 in a conflict zone. WHO chronicles the work of Dr Sami Al Hajj, a young doctor working at the Science and Technology Hospital in Sana.

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2 July 2020
Global scientific community unites to track progress on COVID-19 R&D, identifies new research priorities and critical gaps

1 July 2020
Redefining global care: Duty, service and choices made in the time of COVID-19

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Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Early Positive Data from an Ongoing Phase 1/2 study of mRNA-based Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2
In an ongoing U.S. Phase 1/2 placebo-controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial, nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccine candidate (BNT162b1) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) is being evaluated in 45 subjects

At day 28 (7 days after dose 2), all subjects who received 10 or 30 mg of BNT162b1 had significantly elevated RBD-binding IgG antibodies with geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of 4,813 and 27,872 units/ml which are 8- and 46.3-times, respectively, the GMC of 602 units/ml in a panel of 38 sera of convalescent patients who had contracted SARS-CoV-2

At day 28 (7 days after dose 2), all subjects who received 10 or 30 mg of BNT162b1 had SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 168 and 267, which are 1.8- and 2.8-times, respectively, the GMT of the convalescent serum panel

Local reactions and systemic events after immunization with 10 µg and 30 µg of BNT162b1 were dose-dependent, generally mild to moderate, and transient. No serious adverse events were reported

Further data from the ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial of four vaccine candidates will enable selection of a lead candidate and dose level for a large, global Phase 2b/3 safety and efficacy study that may begin as early as July 2020

Efforts to manufacture the leading candidates, at risk, are gearing up. In case the safety and efficacy study is successful, and the vaccine receives regulatory approval, the companies are expecting to manufacture up to 100 million doses by the end of 2020 and potentially more than 1.2 billion doses by the end of 2021

July 01, 2020 08:59 AM Eastern Daylight Time
NEW YORK & MAINZ, Germany–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today announced preliminary data from the most advanced of four investigational vaccine candidates from their BNT162 mRNA-based vaccine program, Project Lightspeed, against SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the current global pandemic. The BNT162 program is evaluating at least four experimental vaccines, each of which represents a unique combination of mRNA format and target antigen. The manuscript describing the preliminary clinical data for the nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) candidate, BNT162b1, which encodes an optimized SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) antigen, is available on an online preprint server at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.20142570v1 and is concurrently undergoing scientific peer-review for potential publication. Overall, the preliminary data demonstrated that BNT162b1 could be administered in a dose that was well tolerated and generated dose dependent immunogenicity, as measured by RBD-binding IgG concentrations and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers.

“We are encouraged by the clinical data of BNT162b1, one of four mRNA constructs we are evaluating clinically, and for which we have positive, preliminary, topline findings”

“We are encouraged by the clinical data of BNT162b1, one of four mRNA constructs we are evaluating clinically, and for which we have positive, preliminary, topline findings,” said Kathrin U. Jansen, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Head of Vaccine Research & Development, Pfizer. “We are dedicated to develop potentially groundbreaking vaccines and medicines, and in the face of this global health crisis, we approach this goal with the utmost urgency. We look forward to publishing our clinical data in a peer-reviewed journal as quickly as possible.”…

 

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