Category Archives: Uncategorized

Studies Using Randomized Trial Data to Compare Nonrandomized Exposures

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Annals of Internal Medicine
7 April 2020 Vol: 172, Issue 7
http://annals.org/aim/issue

 

Understanding Clinical Research |7 April 2020
Studies Using Randomized Trial Data to Compare Nonrandomized Exposures
Catharine B. Stack, PhD; Anne R. Meibohm, PhD; Joshua M. Liao, MD, MSc; Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH
Researchers frequently use data collected in randomized controlled trials to target questions that are beyond the scope of the original trial. For example, trial data may be used to explore the effects on outcomes of an exposure collected during the trial that was not the randomized intervention. Although such data originate from a randomized trial, the analyses do not have the protection from bias that randomization provides. Successful randomization tends to balance observed and unobserved characteristics between study groups. Comparisons of nonrandomized exposures, even when done using trial data, can be biased and require analytic approaches commonly used for observational…

Valuing the cost of improving Chilean primary vaccination: a cost minimization analysis of a hexavalent vaccine

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BMC Health Services Research
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres/content
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Valuing the cost of improving Chilean primary vaccination: a cost minimization analysis of a hexavalent vaccine
The phased withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is central to the polio ‘end-game’ strategy.
Authors: Ignacio Olivera, Carlos Grau, Hugo Dibarboure, Juan Pablo Torres, Gustavo Mieres, Luis Lazarov, Fabián P. Alvarez and Juan Guillermo López Yescas
Citation: BMC Health Services Research 2020 20:295
Content type: Research article
Published on: 9 April 2020

Health and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and the cost-effectiveness of potential interventions against RSV among children under 5 years in 72 Gavi-eligible countries

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BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Health and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and the cost-effectiveness of potential interventions against RSV among children under 5 years in 72 Gavi-eligible countries
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) frequently causes acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5, representing a high burden in Gavi-eligible countries (mostly low-income and lower-middle-income). Sin…
Authors: Xiao Li, Lander Willem, Marina Antillon, Joke Bilcke, Mark Jit and Philippe Beutels
Citation: BMC Medicine 2020 18:82
Content type: Research article
Published on: 6 April 2020

Vaccination coverage rates and predictors of HPV vaccination among eligible and non-eligible female adolescents at the Brazilian HPV vaccination public program

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Vaccination coverage rates and predictors of HPV vaccination among eligible and non-eligible female adolescents at the Brazilian HPV vaccination public program
Since March 2014, the quadrivalent HPV vaccine has been incorporated into the Brazilian Unified Health Care System and began to be offered, without direct costs, for girls from 9 to 13 years of age. Older fema…
Authors: Alexandre Faisal-Cury, Renata Bertazzi Levy, Maria Fernanda Tourinho, Alexandre Grangeiro and José Eluf-Neto
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:458
Content type: Research article
Published on: 6 April 2020

Exploiting antimicrobial resistance : Better knowledge of resistance mechanisms can inform the search for and development of new antibiotics

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EMBO Reports
Volume 21 Issue 4 3 April 2020
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

 

Science & Society 11 March 2020
Exploiting antimicrobial resistance : Better knowledge of resistance mechanisms can inform the search for and development of new antibiotics
Marc Ouellette, Arijit Bhattacharya
Antibiotic resistance is a grave threat for public health. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance could lead to new drugs and therapeutic strategies against resistant pathogens.

The spread of the COVID‐19 coronavirus : Health agencies worldwide prepare for the seemingly inevitability of the COVID‐19 coronavirus becoming endemic

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EMBO Reports
Volume 21 Issue 4 3 April 2020
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

 

Science & Society 17 March 2020 Free Access
The spread of the COVID‐19 coronavirus : Health agencies worldwide prepare for the seemingly inevitability of the COVID‐19 coronavirus becoming endemic
Philip Hunter
While it is too late to confine the COVID‐19 coronovirus outbreak to China, a wealth of data spurs epidemiological and vaccine research.

Promoting equity in immunization coverage through supply chain design in Pakistan

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Gates Open Research
https://gatesopenresearch.org/browse/articles
[Accessed 11 Apr 2020]

 

Method Article metrics AWAITING PEER REVIEW
Promoting equity in immunization coverage through supply chain design in Pakistan [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
Mariam Zameer, Nora Phillips-White, Olamide Folorunso, Rachel Belt, Hamidreza Setayesh, Naeem Asghar, Arshad Chandio
Peer Reviewers Invited
Funders: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF
PUBLISHED 06 Apr 2020
Abstract
To improve equity in immunization coverage, potent immunization products must be available in the communities in which low coverage rates persist. Most supply side investments are focused on replacing or establishing new health facilities to improve access to immunization. However, supply chain design must be improved to ensure that potent vaccines are available at all facilities to promote immunization equity. We used the supply chain design process in Pakistan as an opportunity to conceptualize how supply chains could impact equity outcomes. This paper outlines our approach and key considerations for assessing supply chain design as a contributing factor in achieving equitable delivery of immunization services.
We conducted a supply chain analysis based on sub-national supply chain and immunization coverage at district level. Supply chain metrics included cold chain coverage and distances between vaccination sites and storage locations. Immunization coverage metrics included the third-dose diphtheria- tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) vaccination rate and the disparity in DTP3 coverage between urban and rural areas. All metrics were analyzed at the district level. Despite data limitations, triangulation across these metrics provided useful insights into the potential contributions of supply chain to equitable program performance at the district level within each province. Overall, our analysis identified supply chain gaps, highlighted supply chain contributions to program performance and informed future health system investments to prioritize children unreached by immunization services.

Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 11 Apr 2020]

 

Commentary
Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind
Authors: Xu Qian, Ran Ren, Youfa Wang, Yan Guo, Jing Fang, Zhong-Dao Wu, Pei-Long Liu and Tie-Ru Han
7 April 2020
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80 813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21 110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy — COVID-19.

Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China

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JAMA
April 7, 2020, Vol 323, No. 13, Pages 1223-1324
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Research Letter
Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China
Min Wei, MD; Jingping Yuan, MD, PhD; Yu Liu, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(13):1313-1314. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2131
This study characterizes the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of hospitalized infants diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 infection between December 8, 2019, and February 6, 2020, in China.

Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in ChinaSummary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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JAMA
April 7, 2020, Vol 323, No. 13, Pages 1223-1324
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Viewpoint
Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in ChinaSummary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Zunyou Wu, MD, PhD; Jennifer M. McGoogan, PhD
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239-1242. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
This Viewpoint summarizes key epidemiologic and clinical findings from all cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported through February 11, 2020, in mainland China, and case trends in response to government attempts to control and contain the infection.
Audio Interview: COVID-19 Update With NIAID’s Anthony Fauci, MD; March 6, 2020
Clinical Review Audio: Update on Coronavirus: March 6, 2020, by NIAID’s Anthony Fauci, MD

COVID-19 in Singapore—Current ExperienceCritical Global Issues That Require Attention and Action

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JAMA
April 7, 2020, Vol 323, No. 13, Pages 1223-1324
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

COVID-19 in Singapore—Current ExperienceCritical Global Issues That Require Attention and Action
John E. L. Wong, MBBS; Yee Sin Leo, MBBS, MPH; Chorh Chuan Tan, MBBS, PhD
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;323(13):1243-1244. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2467
This Viewpoint discusses public health measures implemented in Singapore to manage potential COVID-19 infection based on the country’s experience with SARS in 2003 and reviews critical information gaps necessary to help manage the outbreak, such as viral shedding patterns and optimal timing of antiviral treatment after exposure.

Preparing for the Most Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19The Potential Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

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JAMA
April 7, 2020, Vol 323, No. 13, Pages 1223-1324
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Preparing for the Most Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19The Potential Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Graeme MacLaren, MSc; Dale Fisher, MBBS; Daniel Brodie, MD
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(13):1245-1246. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2342
This Viewpoint discusses the potential role of ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) in the management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cautions about the risk of overuse and the shortage of ECMO capability given the numbers of people infected if the technology is not appropriately utilized.
Clinical Review Audio: Update on Coronavirus: March 6, 2020, by NIAID’s Anthony Fauci, MD

Rotavirus Vaccination and Type 1 Diabetes Risk Among US Children With Commercial Insurance

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JAMA Pediatrics
April 2020, Vol 174, No. 4, Pages 313-393
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Research Letter
Rotavirus Vaccination and Type 1 Diabetes Risk Among US Children With Commercial Insurance
Rachel M. Burke, PhD, MPH; Jacqueline E. Tate, PhD; Rebecca M. Dahl, MPH; et al.
JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(4):383-385. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.5513
This cohort study uses commercial insurance data to examine the association between rotavirus vaccination and type 1 diabetes incidence.

Magnitude and Functionality of the NS1-Specific Antibody Response Elicited by a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate

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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 6, 15 March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/6

 

Editor’s Choice
Magnitude and Functionality of the NS1-Specific Antibody Response Elicited by a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Candidate
Mayuri Sharma, Dustin R Glasner, Heather Watkins, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Yoseph Kassa …

A Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine to Improve Immunity Against Mumps in Young Adults

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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 6, 15 March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/6

 

A Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine to Improve Immunity Against Mumps in Young Adults
Waning of immunity is a major cause in the reemergence of mumps among vaccinated young adults. A third dose of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine increases antibody levels and may protect against mumps for longer than previously assumed.
Patricia Kaaijk, Alienke J Wijmenga-Monsuur, Marlies A van Houten, Irene K Veldhuijzen, Hinke I ten Hulscher …

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against HPV Infection: Evaluation of One, Two, and Three Doses

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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 6, 15 March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/6

 

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against HPV Infection: Evaluation of One, Two, and Three Doses
In this observational study of HPV vaccine effectiveness for prevention of vaccine-type prevalent infection, among women who had received their first vaccine dose at age ≤18 years, estimated vaccine effectiveness for 1, 2, and 3 doses was 92% or greater.
Lauri E Markowitz, Allison L Naleway, Nicola P Klein, Rayleen M Lewis, Brad Crane …

Prioritarian principles for digital health in low resource settings

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Journal of Medical Ethics
April 2020 – Volume 46 – 4
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

 

Extended essay
Prioritarian principles for digital health in low resource settings (16 January, 2020)
Niall Winters, Sridhar Venkatapuram, Anne Geniets, Emma Wynne-Bannister
Abstract
This theoretical paper argues for prioritarianism as an ethical underpinning for digital health in contexts of extreme disadvantage. In support of this claim, the paper develops three prioritarian principles for making ethical decisions for digital health programme design, grounded in the normative position that the greater the need (of the marginalised), the stronger the moral claim. The principles are positioned as an alternative view to the prevailing utilitarian approach to digital health, which the paper argues is not sufficient to address the needs of the worst off. As researchers of digital health, we must ensure that the most globally marginalised are not overlooked by overtly technocentric implementation practices. Consequently, the paper concludes by advocating for use of the three principles to support stronger critical reflection on the ethics involved in the design and implementation of digital health programmes.

Next-generation influenza vaccines: opportunities and challenges

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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Volume 19 Issue 4, April 2020
https://www.nature.com/nrd/volumes/19/issues/4

 

Review Article | 14 February 2020
Next-generation influenza vaccines: opportunities and challenges
Current seasonal influenza vaccines lack efficacy against drifted or pandemic virus strains, and the development of novel vaccines that elicit broader immunity represents a public health priority. Here, Nabel and colleagues discuss approaches to improve vaccine efficacy which harness new insights from influenza antigen structure and human immunity, highlighting major targets, vaccines in development and ongoing challenges.
Chih-Jen Wei, Michelle C. Crank[…] & Gary J. Nabel

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for preventing acquisition of HIV: A cross-sectional study of patients, prescribers, uptake, and spending in the United States, 2015–2016

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PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for preventing acquisition of HIV: A cross-sectional study of patients, prescribers, uptake, and spending in the United States, 2015–2016
Stephanie S. Chan, Andre R. Chappel, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Karen W. Hoover, Ya-lin A. Huang, Weiming Zhu, Stacy M. Cohen, Pamela W. Klein, Nancy De Lew
Research Article | published 10 Apr 2020 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003072

 

Modelling for policy: The five principles of the Neglected Tropical Diseases Modelling Consortium

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Modelling for policy: The five principles of the Neglected Tropical Diseases Modelling Consortium
Matthew R. Behrend, María-Gloria Basáñez, Jonathan I. D. Hamley, Travis C. Porco, Wilma A. Stolk, Martin Walker, Sake J. de Vlas, for the NTD Modelling Consortium
Policy Platform | published 09 Apr 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008033

Disparities in parental awareness of children’s seasonal influenza vaccination recommendations and influencers of vaccination

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 11 Apr 2020]

 

Disparities in parental awareness of children’s seasonal influenza vaccination recommendations and influencers of vaccination
Jane Tuckerman, Nigel W. Crawford, Helen S. Marshall
Research Article | published 09 Apr 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230425

Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients

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PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
[Accessed 11 Apr 2020]

 

Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients
Kai Duan, Bende Liu, Cesheng Li, Huajun Zhang, Ting Yu, Jieming Qu, Min Zhou, Li Chen, Shengli Meng, Yong Hu, Cheng Peng, Mingchao Yuan, Jinyan Huang, Zejun Wang, Jianhong Yu, Xiaoxiao Gao, Dan Wang, Xiaoqi Yu, Li Li, Jiayou Zhang, Xiao Wu, Bei Li, Yanping Xu, Wei Chen, Yan Peng, Yeqin Hu, Lianzhen Lin, Xuefei Liu, Shihe Huang, Zhijun Zhou, Lianghao Zhang, Yue Wang, Zhi Zhang, Kun Deng, Zhiwu Xia, Qin Gong, Wei Zhang, Xiaobei Zheng, Ying Liu, Huichuan Yang, Dongbo Zhou, Ding Yu, Jifeng Hou, Zhengli Shi, Saijuan Chen, Zhu Chen, Xinxin Zhang, and Xiaoming Yang
PNAS first published April 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004168117

Pharmaceutical industry-led partnerships focused on addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases: a review of Access Accelerated

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Public Health
Volume 181 Pages 1-204 (April 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/181/suppl/C

 

Research article Abstract only
Pharmaceutical industry-led partnerships focused on addressing the global burden of non-communicable diseases: a review of Access Accelerated
C.A. Umeh, P.C. Rockers, R.O. Laing, O. Wagh, V.J. Wirtz
Pages 73-79

United States aims to curb vaccination injury payouts

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Science
10 April 2020 Vol 368, Issue 6487
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

In-Depth
United States aims to curb vaccination injury payouts
By Meredith Wadman
Science10 Apr 2020 : 121-122 Restricted Access
Proposal would make it harder to get compensated for shoulder injuries after misplaced injections.
Summary
The Trump administration is quietly moving to reverse a rule that made it much easier for people who sustain serious shoulder injuries from improperly injected vaccines to win cash compensation from the federal government. Such claims have surged since 2017, when the Obama administration made it easier to win payouts for shoulder injuries. Some physicians support the proposal, arguing that it’s not vaccines but poor injection technique that causes these debilitating injuries. But vaccine injury lawyers and the vaccine injured are pushing back, noting that the 1986 law that established the $4 billion Vaccine Injury Compensation Program nowhere excludes injuries due to errors by those injecting vaccines.

Embrace experimentation in biosecurity governance

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Science
10 April 2020 Vol 368, Issue 6487
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

Policy Forum
Embrace experimentation in biosecurity governance
By Sam Weiss Evans, Jacob Beal, Kavita Berger, Diederik A. Bleijs, Alessia Cagnetti, Francesca Ceroni, Gerald L. Epstein, Natàlia Garcia-Reyero, David R. Gillum, Graeme Harkess, Nathan J. Hillson, Petra A. M. Hogervorst, Jacob L. Jordan, Geneviève Lacroix, Rebecca Moritz, Seán S. ÓhÉigeartaigh, Megan J. Palmer, Mark W. J. van Passel
Science10 Apr 2020 : 138-140 Restricted Access
We must rethink and test assumptions about relationships among biological research, security, and society

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Systematic Reviews
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles
[Accessed 11 Apr 2020]

 

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
A new type of coronavirus, novel coronavirus (COVID-19), is causing an increasing number of cases of pneumonia and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organizati…
Authors: Yuxi Li, Xiaobo Liu, Liuxue Guo, Juan Li, Dongling Zhong, Yonggang Zhang, Mike Clarke and Rongjiang Jin
Citation: Systematic Reviews 2020 9:75
Content type: Protocol
Published on: 8 April 2020

HPV infections among young MSM visiting sexual health centers in the Netherlands: Opportunities for targeted HPV vaccination

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Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 17 Pages 3295-3404 (9 April 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/17

 

Research article Open access
HPV infections among young MSM visiting sexual health centers in the Netherlands: Opportunities for targeted HPV vaccination
Petra J. Woestenberg, Birgit H.B. van Benthem, Johannes A. Bogaards, Audrey J. King, … Christian J.P.A. Hoebe
Pages 3321-3329

Psychosocial determinants of pertussis and influenza vaccine uptake in pregnant women: A prospective study

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Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 17 Pages 3295-3404 (9 April 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/17

 

Research article Abstract only
Psychosocial determinants of pertussis and influenza vaccine uptake in pregnant women: A prospective study
Hassen Mohammed, Claire T. Roberts, Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Lynne Giles, … Helen S. Marshall
Pages 3358-3368

Cost-effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccination in children with medical risk conditions in the Netherlands

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Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 17 Pages 3295-3404 (9 April 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/17

 

Research article Open access
Cost-effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccination in children with medical risk conditions in the Netherlands
Steffie K. Naber, Patricia C.J.L. Bruijning-Verhagen, Marieke L.A. de Hoog, Anoukh van Giessen
Pages 3387-3396

The Impact of Narrative Strategy on Promoting HPV Vaccination among College Students in Korea: The Role of Anticipated Regret

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Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Open Access Article
The Impact of Narrative Strategy on Promoting HPV Vaccination among College Students in Korea: The Role of Anticipated Regret
by Jarim Kim
Vaccines 2020, 8(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020176 (registering DOI) – 10 Apr 2020
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy contributes to unsatisfactory vaccination coverage in Korea despite its high efficacy in preventing various diseases including cervical cancer. To enhance HPV vaccine uptake, effective communication with the public is key. To develop effective health promotion messages, this study examined the effects of message format on attitudes and intentions toward HPV vaccination, specifically focusing on anticipated action and inaction regrets. It employed a randomized experimental message design format (narrative versus didactic messages). A total of 222 Korean undergraduate students who had not received the HPV shot participated in the experiment. The results showed that didactic messages produce greater anticipated inaction regret, which further influences HPV vaccination attitudes and behaviors. Anticipated regret could potentially explain mixed narrative effects across health behaviors as described in existing literature

Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination

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Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Open Access Article
Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination
by Song Fan , Peiyang Li , Lin Ouyang , Tanwei Yuan , Hui Gong , Yi Ding , Zhenzhou Luo , Guohui Wu , Maohe Yu and Huachun Zou
Vaccines 2020, 8(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020175 – 09 Apr 2020
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) attending university are a high-risk population for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and are a neglected population of HPV vaccination programs in China. To provide evidence for HPV vaccination policies, we conducted this study to examine the prevalence and factors associated with anal HPV infection among MSM attending university in China. A self-administered online questionnaire was conducted to collect information on social demographics and sexual behaviors. A self-collected rectal swab specimen was collected to test for 37 HPV types. A total of 426 participants were tested for HPV. The median age was 20 years. HPV prevalence was 37.5% for any type, 29.8% for nine-valent vaccine types, 24.6% for four-valent vaccine types, 11.5% for HPV-16/18, and 15.7% for HPV-6/11. Men enrolled in a technical diploma, living in Northern China, having more than two sex partners, being bottom or versatile in anal sex, and having a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing history were more likely to have positive anal HPV of any type. Our study found a high prevalence of anal HPV infection among MSM attending university in China, with HPV vaccine-preventable types being the most popular types in this group. Thus, our findings highlight the urgency of promoting HPV vaccination among teenage MSM.

Utility of Healthcare System-Based Interventions in Improving the Uptake of Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Workers at Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review

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Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 11 Apr 2020)

 

Open Access Review
Utility of Healthcare System-Based Interventions in Improving the Uptake of Influenza Vaccination in Healthcare Workers at Long-Term Care Facilities: A Systematic Review
by Angela Bechini , Chiara Lorini , Patrizio Zanobini , Francesco Mandò Tacconi , Sara Boccalini , Maddalena Grazzini , Paolo Bonanni and Guglielmo Bonaccorsi
Vaccines 2020, 8(2), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020165 – 05 Apr 2020
Viewed by 230
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) can represent a source of influenza infection for the elderly. While flu vaccination coverage (VC) is satisfactory in the elderly, HCWs are less likely to be vaccinated. There is no definitive evidence on which types of healthcare system-based interventions at LTCFs would be more useful in improving the vaccination uptake among HCWs. We performed a systematic review in different databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Evidence, Web of Science, Cinahl) to provide a synthesis of the available studies on this topic. Among the 1177 articles screened by their titles and abstracts, 27 were included in this review. Most of the studies reported multiple interventions addressed to improve access to vaccination, eliminate individual barriers, or introduce policy interventions. As expected, mandatory vaccinations seem to be the most useful intervention to increase the vaccination uptake in HCWs. However, our study suggests that better results in the vaccination uptake in HCWs were obtained by combining interventions in different areas. Educational campaigns alone could not have an impact on vaccination coverage. LTCFs represent an ideal setting to perform preventive multi-approach interventions for the epidemiological transition toward aging and chronicity.