BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Feb 2020)

Health workers’ perceptions and challenges in implementing meningococcal serogroup a conjugate vaccine in the routine childhood immunization schedule in Burkina Faso
Meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine (MACV) was introduced in 2017 into the routine childhood immunization schedule (at 15–18 months of age) in Burkina Faso to help reduce meningococcal meningitis burde…
Authors: Sylvain F. Nkwenkeu, Mohamed F. Jalloh, Jenny A. Walldorf, Robert L. Zoma, Felix Tarbangdo, Soukeynatou Fall, Sansan Hien, Roland Combassere, Cesaire Ky, Ludovic Kambou, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Akshaya Krishnaswamy, Flavien H. Aké, Cynthia Hatcher, Jaymin C. Patel, Isaïe Medah…
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:254
Content type: Research article
Published on: 19 February 2020

EMBO Reports
Volume 21 Issue 2 5 February 2020
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

Science & Society 13 January 2020 Open Access
Conjectures, refutations and the search for truths : Science, symbolic truths and the devil
G Paolo Dotto
In times of fake news, post‐truths and post‐science, the principles of science can inform all kinds of inquiries into the true nature of reality.
Science & Society15 January 2020 Open Access

EMBO Reports
Volume 21 Issue 2 5 February 2020
https://www.embopress.org/toc/14693178/current

Real‐time ethics engagement in biomedical research : Ethics from bench to bedside
Jeremy Sugarman, Annelien L Bredenoord

Biomedical research inevitably involves ethical issues. Some raise broad public concerns, particularly when researchers obviously violate established ethical norms. For example, He Jiankui’s work using CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically modify human embryos to prevent HIV transmission, which resulted in the birth of the world’s first two gene‐edited babies, generated widespread condemnation of this use of human germline modifications. Ethical issues also arise in the earlier phases of basic research, such as the public release of the HeLa cell genome by the European Molecular Biological Laboratory that created controversy over privacy concerns. At other times, ethical issues are more subtle and may not be recognized as such or raise public concern. For instance, there are important ethical considerations related to using banked biospecimens in translational research. Similarly, creating neurological chimeric mouse models involves moral considerations related to the potential humanization of these models ¹, and embryo models from human stem cells are entangled in debates about the moral status of the embryo ².
Nonetheless, efforts should be taken to identify and manage ethical issues as early as possible in order to provide ethical guidance throughout the entire research process, and mitigate negative effects, harms and wrongs (K.R. Jongsma & A.L. Bredenoord, under review). In this paper, we describe how ethics expertise can contribute to biomedical research through real‐time engagement and some of the challenges associated with such efforts. To do so, we offer our experiences with two particular examples: organoid technology and umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking and transplantation…

Genome Medicine
https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles
[Accessed 22 Feb 2020]

Towards a European health research and innovation cloud (HRIC)
The European Union (EU) initiative on the Digital Transformation of Health and Care (Digicare) aims to provide the conditions necessary for building a secure, flexible, and decentralized digital health infrastructure. Creating a European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC) within this environment should enable data sharing and analysis for health research across the EU, in compliance with data protection legislation while preserving the full trust of the participants.
Authors: F. M. Aarestrup, A. Albeyatti, W. J. Armitage, C. Auffray, L. Augello, R. Balling, N. Benhabiles, G. Bertolini, J. G. Bjaalie, M. Black, N. Blomberg, P. Bogaert, M. Bubak, B. Claerhout, L. Clarke, B. De Meulder…
Citation: Genome Medicine 2020 12:18
Content type: Opinion
Published on: 19 February 2020

Global Health Action
Volume 12, 2019 Issue 1
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/zgha20/12/sup1?nav=tocList

Article
Knowing antimicrobial resistance in practice: a multi-country qualitative study with human and animal healthcare professionals
Maddy Pearson & Clare Chandler
Article: 1599560
Published online: 11 Jul 2019

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 22 Feb 2020]

Supporting the use of research evidence in decision-making in crisis zones in low- and middle-income countries: a critical interpretive synthesis
Decision-makers in crisis zones are faced with the challenge of having to make health-related decisions under limited time and resource constraints and in light of the many factors that can influence their decisions, of which research evidence is just one. To address a key gap in the research literature about how best to support the use of research evidence in such situations, we conducted a critical interpretive synthesis approach to develop a conceptual framework that outlines the strategies that leverage the facilitators and address the barriers to evidence use in crisis zones.
Authors: Ahmad Firas Khalid, John N. Lavis, Fadi El-Jardali and Meredith Vanstone
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:21
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 February 2020

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 22 Feb 2020]

Resource allocation for biomedical research: analysis of investments by major funders
Data on grants for biomedical research by 10 major funders of health research were collected from the World RePORT platform to explore what is being funded, by whom and where. This analysis is part of the Worl…
Authors: Ambinintsoa H. Ralaidovy, Taghreed Adam and Philippe Boucher
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:20
Content type: Research
Published on: 17 February 2020

Human Gene Therapy
Volume 31, Issue 3-4 / February 2020
https://www.liebertpub.com/toc/hum/31/3-4

Review
The National Gene Vector Biorepository: Eleven Years of Providing Resources to the Gene Therapy Community
Kenneth Cornetta, Lorraine Matheson, Ryan Long, and Lisa Duffy
Pages:145–150
Published Online:30 January 2020
Abstract
The National Gene Vector Biorepository (NGVB) program has been highly accessed by gene therapy investigators. The reagent repository has distributed over 1,000 reagents to 397 investigators. The Pharmacology/Toxicology Archive contains over 36,000 specimens from a variety of adeno-associated virus (AAV), adenoviral, and other pharmacology/toxicology studies. NGVB also maintains a searchable database of gene therapy pharmacology/toxicology studies to promote data sharing. NGVB has provided Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-mandated replication-competent virus testing for over 70 clinical trials. From 2008 to 2018, there have been 114 publications acknowledging the NGVB. It is unlikely that any other National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded program has served as many gene therapy investigators as the NGVB.

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 76, January 2020
https://odihpn.org/magazine/the-crisis-in-yemen/

The Crisis in Yemen
by HPN
This edition of Humanitarian Exchange focuses on the crisis in Yemen. Since the war there began in 2014, thousands of civilians have been killed or injured and air strikes and ground operations have destroyed hospitals, schools and critical infrastructure. An estimated 80% of Yemenis need humanitarian assistance.

In the lead article, Laurie Lee highlights the critical role Yemenis and Yemeni organisations are playing in addressing the humanitarian challenges in the country, and how NGOs can better support them. Genevieve Gauthier and Marcus Skinner reinforce this point with reference to two local organisations, the Yemen Women’s Union and Al Hikma. Warda Saleh, the founder of another Yemeni grassroots organisation, discusses the increased risk of gender-based violence facing women and girls, while Ibrahim Jalal and Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy focus on internal displacement and the opportunities for a more effective humanitarian response. Reflecting on child protection programming in Yemen, Mohammed Alshamaa  and Amanda Brydon conclude that multisectoral approaches with local authorities result in better and more sustainable outcomes. Padraic McCluskey and Jana Brandt consider the ethical dilemmas Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) faced in trying to balance quality and coverage in a mother and child hospital in Taiz. Lindsay Spainhour Baker and colleagues reflect on the challenges involved in gathering and analysing information on the humanitarian situation while Lamis Al-Iryani, Sikandra Kurdi and Sarah Palmer-Felgate discuss the findings from an evaluation of the Yemen Social Fund for Development (SFD) Cash for Nutrition programme. An article by Kristine Beckerle and Osamah Al-Fakih details Yemeni and international organisations’ efforts to document and mitigate harm to civilians caught up in the conflict. The edition ends with a piece by Fanny Pettibon, Anica Heinlein and Dhabie Brown outlining CARE’s advocacy on the arms trade.

Finally, readers will note that this edition is shorter than usual, largely because it was very difficult to persuade potential authors to write on the Yemen crisis. Many of the individuals and organisations we contacted were either too busy responding or were concerned that writing frankly about their work could negatively affect their operations. HPN has covered many similarly sensitive contexts in Humanitarian Exchange over the last 26 years, but this is the first time we have experienced such reluctance to engage. A worrying sign.

JAMA
February 11, 2020, Vol 323, No. 6, Pages 491-580
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Ambient Intelligence in Hospitals
Sara Gerke, Dipl-Jur Univ, MA; Serena Yeung, PhD; I. Glenn Cohen, JD
free access has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(7):601-602. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.21699
This Viewpoint reviews the ethical and legal implications of using ambient intelligence, the use of artificial intelligence–based technologies to monitor health care and quality measures like handwashing and patient falls in health care setting.

Journal of Medical Ethics
March 2020 – Volume 46 – 3
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

Original research
Intergenerational monitoring in clinical trials of germline gene editing (31 August, 2019)
Bryan Cwik
Abstract
Design of clinical trials for germline gene editing stretches current accepted standards for human subjects research. Among the challenges involved is a set of issues concerning intergenerational monitoring—long-term follow-up study of subjects and their descendants. Because changes made at the germline would be heritable, germline gene editing could have adverse effects on individuals’ health that can be passed on to future generations. Determining whether germline gene editing is safe and effective for clinical use thus may require intergenerational monitoring. The aim of this paper is to identify and argue for the significance of a set of ethical issues raised by intergenerational monitoring in future clinical trials of germline gene editing. Though long-term, multigenerational follow-up study of this kind is not without precedent, intergenerational monitoring in this context raises unique ethical challenges, challenges that go beyond existing protocols and standards for human subjects research. These challenges will need to be addressed if clinical trials of germline gene editing are ever pursued.

The Lancet
Feb 22, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10224 p537-658, e33-e40
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Editorial
COVID-19: fighting panic with information
The Lancet
… It is the rapid dissemination of trustworthy information—transparent identification of cases, data sharing, unhampered communication, and peer-reviewed research—which is needed most during this period of uncertainty. There may be no way to prevent a COVID-19 pandemic in this globalised time, but verified information is the most effective prevention against the disease of panic.

Comment
COVID-19: what is next for public health?
David L Heymann, Nahoko Shindo
on behalf of the WHO Scientific and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards
The WHO Scientific and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards (STAG-IH), working with the WHO secretariat, reviewed available information about the outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on Feb 7, 2020, in Geneva, Switzerland, and concluded that the continuing strategy of containment for elimination should continue, and that the coming 2–3 weeks through to the end of February, 2020, will be crucial to monitor the situation of community transmission to update WHO public health recommendations if required…

The Lancet
Feb 22, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10224 p537-658, e33-e40
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding
Roujian Lu, et al.

The Lancet
Feb 22, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10224 p537-658, e33-e40
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Impact of HPV vaccination and cervical screening on cervical cancer elimination: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries
Marc Brisson, et al

The Lancet
Feb 22, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10224 p537-658, e33-e40
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Mortality impact of achieving WHO cervical cancer elimination targets: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries
Karen Canfell, et al

The Lancet
Feb 22, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10224 p537-658, e33-e40
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

The Lancet Commissions
A future for the world’s children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission
Helen Clark, et al

Nature Genetics
Volume 52 Issue 2, February 2020
https://www.nature.com/ng/volumes/52/issues/2

Editorial | 05 February 2020
Necessary voices
Given that it is based on heredity and has the ability to trace connections, genetics as a scientific discipline should be among those most attuned to diversity and global perspectives. Indigenous communities and scientists have much to contribute to genetics research, and they are making their voices heard. We celebrate these essential members of our larger genetics community, and we look forward to working together to learn from past examples, meet present challenges and support future opportunities.

New England Journal of Medicine
February 20, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 8
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Perspective
A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China — Key Questions for Impact Assessment
Vincent J. Munster, Ph.D., Marion Koopmans, D.V.M., Neeltje van Doremalen, Ph.D., Debby van Riel, Ph.D., and Emmie de Wit, Ph.D.
[Excerpt]
… We currently do not know where 2019-nCoV falls on the scale of human-to-human transmissibility. But it is safe to assume that if this virus transmits efficiently, its seemingly lower pathogenicity as compared with SARS, possibly combined with super-spreader events in specific cases, could allow large-scale spread. In this manner, a virus that poses a low health threat on the individual level can pose a high risk on the population level, with the potential to cause disruptions of global public health systems and economic losses. This possibility warrants the current aggressive response aimed at tracing and diagnosing every infected patient and thereby breaking the transmission chain of 2019-nCoV.
Epidemiologic information on the pathogenicity and transmissibility of this virus obtained by means of molecular detection and serosurveillance is needed to fill in the details in the surveillance pyramid and guide the response to this outbreak. Moreover, the propensity of novel coronaviruses to spread in health care centers indicates a need for peripheral health care facilities to be on standby to identify potential cases as well. In addition, increased preparedness is needed at animal markets and other animal facilities, while the possible source of this emerging virus is being investigated. If we are proactive in these ways, perhaps we will never have to discover the true epidemic or pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV.

New England Journal of Medicine
February 20, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 8
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Brief Report: A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

N. Zhu and Others

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 22 Feb 2020)

High risk for human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus in communities living along livestock movement routes: A cross-sectional survey in Kenya
Caroline Tigoi, Rosemary Sang, Edith Chepkorir, Benedict Orindi, Samuel Okello Arum, Francis Mulwa, Gladys Mosomtai, Samson Limbaso, Osama A. Hassan, Zephania Irura, Clas Ahlm, Magnus Evander
Research Article | published 21 Feb 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007979

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/

Research Article
Disease burden and seasonal impact of improving rotavirus vaccine coverage in the United States: A modeling study
Chin-En Ai, Molly Steele, Benjamin Lopman
| published 14 Feb 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228942

Public Health Reports
Volume 135 Issue 2, March/April 2020
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/phrg/135/2

Reports and Recommendations
2020 National Vaccine Plan Development: Recommendations From the National Vaccine Advisory Committee
Approved by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee on September 17, 2019
First Published February 14, 2020; pp. 181–188

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 33 January–February 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/33/suppl/C

Editorial Full text access
Going global – Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus
Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Kirsten MacGregor, Sanch Kanagarajah, Dipti Patel, Patricia Schlagenhauf

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 33 January–February 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/33/suppl/C

Editorial Full text access
The next big threat to global health? 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): What advice can we give to travellers? – Interim recommendations January 2020, from the Latin-American society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI)
Cristian Biscayart, Patricia Angeleri, Susana Lloveras, Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves, … Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales
Article 101567

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 33 January–February 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/33/suppl/C

Research article Full text access
Environmental investigation of respiratory pathogens during the Hajj 2016 and 2018
Van-Thuan Hoang, Doudou Sow, Khadidja Belhouchat, Thi-Loi Dao, … Philippe Gautret
Article 101500

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Conference info Abstract only
The science of vaccine safety: Summary of meeting at Wellcome Trust
Stanley A. Plotkin, Paul A. Offit, Frank DeStefano, Heidi J. Larson, … Jason Glanz
Pages 1869-1880

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Short communication Abstract only
Measles-containing vaccines in Brazil: Coverage, homogeneity of coverage and associations with contextual factors at municipal level
Flávia C. Pacheco, Giovanny V.A. França, Guilherme A. Elidio, Mariana B. Leal, … Dirce B. Guilhem
Pages 1881-1887

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research article Abstract only
Homeschooling parents in California: Attitudes, beliefs and behaviors associated with child’s vaccination status
Salini Mohanty, Caroline M. Joyce, Paul L. Delamater, Nicola P. Klein, … Alison M. Buttenheim
Pages 1899-1905

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research article Open access
Identifying barriers and drivers to vaccination: A qualitative interview study with health workers in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sanjin Musa, Venesa Skrijelj, Aida Kulo, Katrine Bach Habersaat, … Cath Jackson
Pages 1906-1914

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research article Abstract only
Influenza vaccine coverage and predictors of vaccination among aged care workers in Sydney Australia
Elisa Lai, Hao Yi Tan, Mohana Kunasekaran, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, … C. Raina MacIntyre
Pages 1968-1974

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research articlennn Abstract only
Safety of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccination among pregnant active duty U.S. military women
Clinton Hall, Lisa M. Abramovitz, Anna T. Bukowinski, Ashley A. Ricker, … Ava Marie S. Conlin
Pages 1982-1988

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research articlenn Abstract only
Factors influencing Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination series completion in Mississippi Medicaid
Sushmitha Inguva, Marie Barnard, Lori M. Ward, Yi Yang, … Sara L. Noble
Pages 2051-2057

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research article Abstract only
Propagandizing anti-vaccination: Analysis of Vaccines Revealed documentary series
Amanda S. Bradshaw, Debbie Treise, Summer S. Shelton, Matthew Cretul, … Daisha Peek
Pages 2058-2069

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 8 Pages 1869-2114 (18 February 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/8

Research article Abstract only
The echo in flu-vaccination echo chambers: Selective attention trumps social influence
Helge Giese, Hansjörg Neth, Mehdi Moussaïd, Cornelia Betsch, Wolfgang Gaissmaier
Pages 2070-2076

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 22 Feb 2020)

Open Access Article
Open Access Article
An Exploratory Study of Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Healthcare Workers in a Western Chinese City, 2018–2019: Improving Target Population Coverage Based on Policy Interventions
by Lili Xu , Jinhua Zhao , Zhibin Peng , Xiaojin Ding , Yonghong Li , Huayi Zhang , Huaxiang Feng , Jiandong Zheng , Hailan Cao , Binzhong Ma , Yan Shi , Yongcheng Ma and Luzhao Feng
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010092 – 19 Feb 2020
Viewed by 114
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate a policy-based intervention to increase seasonal-influenza-vaccination coverage in healthcare workers in Xining, a city in Western China.
Methods: From October 2018 to March 2019, we implemented a free vaccination policy in healthcare workers in Xining. A face-to-face interview with the head of the infection control department and an online survey for medical staff in four tertiary medical facilities was conducted to understand both the implementation of the free policy and influenza vaccination coverage. Possible factors for influenza vaccination among healthcare workers (physician, nurses working on the front-line, HCWs) were investigated by multivariate-logistic regression.
Results: Coverage in two hospitals that implemented the free vaccination policy was 30.5% and 25.9%, respectively, which was statistically different to hospitals that did not implement the free policy (7.2% and 8.7%, respectively) (χ2 = 332.56, p < 0.0001). Among vaccinated healthcare workers, 65.5% and 48.6% reported their main reasons for vaccination were a convenient vaccination service and awareness of the free vaccination policy. The reasons for not being vaccinated among the 3389 unvaccinated healthcare workers included: the inconvenient vaccination service (33.8%), believing vaccination was unnecessary (29.7%), concerns about adverse reactions to the vaccine (28.8%), and having to pay for the vaccine (25.6%).
Conclusions: Implementing the free vaccination policy, combined with improving the accessibility of the vaccination service, increased seasonal-influenza vaccination-coverage in healthcare workers in Xining

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

No new digest content identified.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
Politics
Trump’s Nationalistic Response to the Coronavirus – The Atlantic
Virology isn’t politics.
Peter Nicholas
February 18, 2020

Ideas
A Coronavirus Quarantine in America Could Be a Giant Legal Mess …
America’s defense against epidemics is divided among more than 2,000 individual public-health departments, which makes implementing a national strategy very difficult.
February 16, 2020
Polly J. Price, Professor of law and global health at Emory University

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
Technology
WHO Concerned About Coronavirus Cases With No Clear Link
The World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned about the number of coronavirus cases with no clear epidemiological link, although the total number of cases outside China remains relatively small, its director general said on Saturday.
By Reuters
Feb. 18

Europe
Sanofi Teams Up With U.S. Agency Against Coronavirus
French drugmaker Sanofi is working with a U.S. government agency to develop a vaccine against the new coronavirus from China, saying it could have a candidate ready for clinical trials within a year.
By Reuters

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
Hundreds urge lawmakers to keep religious vaccine exemption
Feb 19, 2020
HARTFORD, Conn. — Hundreds of parents who are skeptical about the safety of vaccines turned out in force Wednesday, hoping to squash the latest proposal to end Connecticut’s religious exemption from certain childhood vaccines.
But members of the medical and science community urged members of the General Assembly not to be swayed by the large numbers of advocates who turned out with young children in tow and stickers that read, “In God we trust.” By late morning, crowds packed the Legislative Office Building and roughly 500 people had signed up to testify before the General Assembly’s Public Health Committee, which has proposed a bill ending the long-standing exemption.
“You’re hearing from a very vocal minority,” warned Dr. Linda Niccolai, professor of epidemiology at the School of Public Health and Yale University, urging lawmakers to “listen to the experts, people who are professionally trained and have science on their side.”…

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
February 18, 2020
Cutting Aid is Still A Big Deal: Why We Should Pay Attention to the FY21 Budget Request
President Trump sent his fourth budget request to Congress last week—once again including steep cuts to foreign aid spending. We dug in to explore it.
Erin Collinson and Jocilyn Estes

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
Commentary
Coronavirus Update: Rapid Construction of Medical Facilities
February 20, 2020 | J. Stephen Morrison, Jude Blanchette, Joseph S. Bermudez Jr.
CSIS experts analyze new satellite imagery showing that the Chinese government has made exceptional progress in constructing two emergency medical facilities in Wuhan.

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
February 13, 2020
Public Health Threats and Pandemics
Threats to Global Health and Bio Security
Panelists discuss threats to global health and U.S. national security, including the coronavirus outbreak in China and the ongoing Ebola crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
February 18, 2020
Event by Anthony S. Fauci and Robert P. Kadlec

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 22 Feb 2020
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

WHO – 146th session of the Executive Board
Geneva, 3–8 February 2020.

Resolutions
In an effort to respond to Member States’ needs, the present texts have been made available as quickly as possible. The definitive versions of the resolutions and decisions adopted, edited for the Official Records, will be made available in due course.
EB146.R1 Appointment of the Regional Director for Africa

EB146.R2 Appointment of the Regional Director for Europe

EB146.R3 Appreciation of the outgoing Regional Director for Europe

EB146.R4 Remuneration of staff in the professional and higher categories

EB146.R5 Salaries of staff in ungraded positions and of the Director-General

EB146.R6 Cervical cancer prevention and control: accelerating the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem

EB146.R7 Global strategy for tuberculosis research and innovation

EB146.R8 Integrated people-centred eye care, including preventable vision impairment and blindness

Decisions
In an effort to respond to Member States’ needs, the present texts have been made available as quickly as possible. The definitive versions of the resolutions and decisions adopted, edited for the Official Records, will be made available in due course.
EB146(1) Nelson Mandela Award for Health Promotion

EB146(2) Non-State actors in official relations with WHO

EB146(3) Geneva buildings renovation strategy

EB146(4) Membership of the Independent Expert Oversight Advisory Committee

EB146(5) Participation in the Programme, Budget and Administration Committee of the Executive Board

EB146(6) Meningitis prevention and control

EB146(7) Strengthening global immunization efforts to leave no-one behind
[See full text of Annex at end of this edition]

EB146(8) Epilepsy

EB146(9) Neglected tropical diseases

EB146(10) Global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property

EB146(11) Polio eradication

EB146(13) Decade of Healthy Ageing

EB146(15) Data and innovation: global strategy on digital health

EB146(18) Primary health care

EMERGENCIES

Editor’s Note:
While we have concentrated key reports below, COVID-19 announcements, analysis and commentary will be found throughout this issue, in all sections.

Coronavirus [COVID-19]
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Situation report – 25
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
14 February 2020
[Excerpt]
SITUATION IN NUMBERS
Globally :: 49,053 laboratory-confirmed [2056 new]
China :: 48,548 laboratory-confirmed [1998 new]
:: 1,381 deaths [121 new]
Outside of China
:: 505 laboratory-confirmed [58 new]
:: 24 countries
:: 2 deaths [1 new]

WHO RISK ASSESSMENT
China – Very High
Regional Level – High
Global Level – High

HIGHLIGHTS
:: No new countries reported cases of 2019-nCoV in the past 24 hours.
:: The second death has been reported outside of China, in Japan. This individual did not have known travel history to China.
:: In China, health care workers account for 1716 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including six deaths.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:
:: Limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread from China*;
:: Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
:: Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
:: Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
:: Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
:: Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships.

*This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.

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National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
:: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
Updated: 2020-02-15
…As of 24:00 on Feb 14, the National Health Commission had received 66,492 reports of confirmed cases and 1,523 deaths in 31 provincial-level regions on the Chinese mainland and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and in all 8,096 patients had been cured and discharged from hospital. There still remained 56,873 confirmed cases (including 11,053 in serious condition) and 8,969 suspected cases. So far, 513,183 people have been identified as having had close contact with infected patients. 169,039 are now under medical observation…

China pushes for differentiated measures to battle coronavirus
Updated: 2020-02-14 Xinhua
Epidemic prevention and control in Hubei Province, particularly in the capital city of Wuhan, remain the top priority, said Premier Li Keqiang.
BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) — Chinese authorities on Feb 13 stressed differentiated measures for different regions to fight the novel coronavirus outbreak at a high-level meeting chaired by Premier Li Keqiang.
The leading group of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus outbreak also demanded efforts to improve patient treatment and expedite research on drugs.
Epidemic prevention and control in Hubei Province, particularly in the capital city of Wuhan, remain the top priority, said the leading group headed by Li, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.
While ordering Wuhan to speed up hospital admission and suspected case quarantine, the leading group instructed hard-hit cities in Hubei such as Xiaogan and Huanggang to carry out equally strict measures as in Wuhan in surveillance, quarantine and treatment.
The demand for more medics in Hubei and Wuhan should be fulfilled, and the departure channels of the city and the province need further control, according to the meeting.
Multiple steps such as spacing out return trips have prevented large-scale flows of people after the Spring Festival, said the meeting.
Each province is responsible for formulating differentiated epidemic prevention and control strategies based on their own conditions, according to the meeting.
No one-size-fits-all approach should be taken and unfair and extreme practices must be corrected without delay, said the meeting…

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New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 15 Feb 2020
China’s Leader, Under Fire, Says He Led Coronavirus Fight Early On
In pushing a new account of the country’s response, officials said President Xi Jinping was aware of the outbreak nearly two weeks before he first spoke publicly about it. It could draw him directly into questions about whether Chinese officials did too little, too late.
By Amy Qin
Feb. 15, 2020
Under fire for its response to the coronavirus epidemic, China’s authoritarian government appears to be pushing a new account of events that presents President Xi Jinping as taking early action to fight the outbreak that has convulsed the country.

But in doing so, the authorities have acknowledged for the first time that Mr. Xi was aware of the epidemic and involved in the response nearly two weeks before he first spoke publicly about it — and while officials at its epicenter in the city of Wuhan were still playing down its dangers.
That confirmation risks drawing the president, China’s most powerful leader in decades, directly into questions about whether top officials did too little, too late.

In an internal speech published on Saturday, Mr. Xi said he had “issued demands about the efforts to prevent and control” the coronavirus on Jan. 7, during a meeting of the Politburo Standing Committee, the highest council of the Communist Party, whose sessions are typically cloaked in secrecy.

In the speech, he also said he had authorized the unprecedented lockdown of Wuhan and other cities beginning on Jan. 23.

“I have at every moment monitored the spread of the epidemic and progress in efforts to curtail it, constantly issuing oral orders and also instructions,” Mr. Xi said of his more recent involvement…

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WHO News release 12 February 2020
World experts and funders set priorities for COVID-19 research
Leading health experts from around the world have been meeting at the World Health Organization’s Geneva headquarters to assess the current level of knowledge about the new COVID-19 disease, identify gaps and work together to accelerate and fund priority research needed to help stop this outbreak and prepare for any future outbreaks.

The 2-day forum was convened in line with the WHO R&D Blueprint – a strategy for developing drugs and vaccines before epidemics, and accelerating research and development while they are occurring.

“This outbreak is a test of solidarity — political, financial and scientific. We need to come together to fight a common enemy that does not respect borders, ensure that we have the resources necessary to bring this outbreak to an end and bring our best science to the forefront to find shared answers to shared problems. Research is an integral part of the outbreak response,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “I appreciate the positive response of the research community to join us at short notice and come up with concrete plans and commitment to work together.”

The meeting, hosted in collaboration with GloPID-R (the Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) brought together major research funders and over 300 scientists and researchers from a large variety of disciplines. They discussed all aspects of the outbreak and ways to control it including:
:: the natural history of the virus, its transmission and diagnosis;
:: animal and environmental research on the origin of the virus, including management measures at the human-animal interface;
:: epidemiological studies;
:: clinical characterization and management of disease caused by the virus;
:: infection prevention and control, including best ways to protect health care workers;
:: research and development for candidate therapeutics and vaccines;
:: ethical considerations for research;
:: and integration of social sciences into the outbreak response.

“This meeting allowed us to identify the urgent priorities for research. As a group of funders we will continue to mobilize, coordinate and align our funding to enable the research needed to tackle this crisis and stop the outbreak, in partnership with WHO,” said Professor Yazdan Yazdanpanah, chair of GloPID-R. “Equitable access – making sure we share data and reach those most in need, in particular those in lower and middle-income countries, is fundamental to this work which must be guided by ethical considerations at all times.”

During the meeting, the more than 300 scientists and researchers participating both in person and virtually agreed on a set of global research priorities. They also outlined mechanisms for continuing scientific interactions and collaborations beyond the meeting which will be coordinated and facilitated by WHO. They worked with research funders to determine how necessary resources can be mobilized so that critical research can start immediately.

The deliberations will form the basis of a research and innovation roadmap charting all the research needed and this will be used by researchers and funders to accelerate the research response.

WHO News release 13 February 2020
Remarks by Dr Michael Ryan, Executive Director, WHO Health Emergencies Programme at media briefing on COVID-19 on 13 February 2020

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Transcript for CDC Media Telebriefing: Update on COVID-19
Friday, February 14, 2020

FDA’s Actions in Response to 2019 Novel Coronavirus at Home and Abroad
Feb 14, 2020

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Emergencies

Ebola – DRC+
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Ebola Outbreak in DRC 79: 11 February 2020
[Excerpts]
Situation Update
From 3 to 9 February 2020, three new confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) were reported in Beni Health Zone, North Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Figure 1). All of the cases were registered as contacts and two were under surveillance at the time of detection.

In the past 21 days (20 January to 9 February 2020), 13 new confirmed cases were reported from four of the 30 health areas in two active health zones in North Kivu Province (Figure 2, Table 1): Beni (92%; n=12) and Mabalako (8%; n=1) Health Zones. Although recent trends of this outbreak, including the small number of weekly cases and limited geographic area affected by EVD are encouraging, continued vigilance is crucial, particularly for contact identification and follow up, in order to interrupt possible nosocomial transmission linked to traditional practitioner facilities. In the last 21 days, there were three cases of the 13 new confirmed cases who passed away in the community, outside of Ebola treatment centres.

The security situation in several EVD-affected health areas remain unstable and unpredictable. On 8 February, a health centre was attacked in Butembo, destroying equipment and infrastructure. On 8 February 2020, an attack on civilians in Mabalako Health Zone led to a suspension of response activities for 48 hours. This attack resulted in displacement of people fearing armed attacks.

As of 9 February 2020, a total of 3431 EVD cases, including 3308 confirmed and 123 probable cases have been reported, of which 2253 cases died (overall case fatality ratio 66%). Of the total confirmed and probable cases, 56% (1920) were female, 28% (968) were children aged less than 18 years, and 5% (172) were healthcare workers…

…Conclusion
Beni Health Zone remains the hotspot of this outbreak. Ongoing insecurity in other areas is of concern. Continued access and heightened vigilance is required to maintain case investigation and contact tracing activities in all health zones.

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12 February 2020 Statement
Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee for Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 12 February 2020
…Conclusions and Advice
It was the unanimous view of the Committee that this event still constitutes a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the IHR (2005).

The Committee acknowledged the revised risk assessment, which puts the risk now as high at national and regional levels, and low at the global level.

The Committee was concerned that withdrawing the PHEIC now might have adverse consequences for the response efforts through diminishing focus. Additionally, although the primary concern of the Committee is EVD, there are serious ongoing outbreaks of other diseases, including measles and cholera, in DRC. The country continues to need support to combat infectious diseases as well as to strengthen its health system. Further, there remains an urgent need to maintain international solidarity for the response.

The Committee noted the ongoing discussions about the interpretation in the text of the IHR (2005) of the terms international and regional spread, and about creating an intermediate level of response between the binary possibilities of PHEIC or no PHEIC, in a way that does not require reopening negotiations on the Regulations. The Committee supports these discussions, as an intermediate level would be as useful for gradually ending a PHEIC and for signaling the potential for one to be declared…

…Based on this advice, the reports made by the affected State Party, and the currently available information, the Director-General accepted the Committee’s assessment and on 12 February 2020 maintained the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

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ERVEBO® (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Now Registered in Four African Countries, Within 90 Days of Reference Country Approval and WHO Prequalification
Democratic Republic of the Congo One of the First African Countries to Register ERVEBO
February 14, 2020 11:20 AM Eastern Standard Time
KENILWORTH, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today confirmed that four African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), have approved ERVEBO (pronounced er-VEE-boh). ERVEBO was granted a conditional marketing authorization by the European Commission on November 11, 2019 and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Dec. 20, 2019. In the United States, ERVEBO is indicated for the prevention of disease caused by Zaire ebolavirus in individuals 18 years of age and older. The duration of protection conferred by ERVEBO is unknown. ERVEBO does not protect against other species of Ebolavirus or Marburgvirus. Effectiveness of the vaccine when administered concurrently with antiviral medication, immune globulin (IG), and/or blood or plasma transfusions is unknown…

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Emergencies

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/

Polio this week as of 12 February 2020
:: A time-limited working group has been put together to manage and coordinate GPEI’s activities to enable a rapid and effective roll out of nOPV2. Take a look at the terms of reference for the working group.
:: With the evolving public health emergency associated with the increase in new emergences of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2, a draft decision was adapted by the WHO Executive Board during last week’s meeting. [see text below]

Summary of new viruses this week (AFP cases and ES positives):
:: Pakistan: five WPV1 cases, twelve WPV1 positive environmental samples and three cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
:: Nigeria: one cVDPV2 case and one cVDPV2 positive environmental sample
:: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo):  two cVDPV2 cases
:: Somalia: two cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
:: Angola: three cVDPV2 cases
:: Cote d’Ivoire: three cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
:: Ethiopia: seven cVDPV2 cases
:: Philippines: one cVDPV2 case and three cVDPV2 positive environmental samples

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WHO EXECUTIVE BOARD
146th session Provisional agenda item 16.1
24 January 2020 EB 146/21 Add.1
Poliomyelitis
Polio eradication :: Draft decision
The Executive Board is invited to consider the following draft decision:
The Executive Board, having considered the report on poliomyelitis: polio eradication;1 noting with great concern the evolving public health emergency associated with the increase in new emergences due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2, particularly in parts of Africa; and noting the development of the draft Strategy for Control of cVDPV2 2019–2021, an addendum to the Polio Endgame Strategy 2019–2023,2 to more effectively address the evolving circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 epidemiology, decided:

(1) to request the Director-General to: (a) continue to ensure adequate and uninterrupted supply of oral polio vaccine type 2 to respond to such outbreaks, in line with existing mandates; (b) accelerate the assessment and roll-out of a novel oral polio vaccine type 2 including through the WHO Emergency Use Listing procedure; (c) initiate a transparent and evidence-based process for prioritizing the equitable allocation of limited supplies of novel oral polio vaccine type 2; and,

(2) to urge Member States to: (a) expedite the processes for authorizing the importation and use of vaccines to respond to polio outbreaks, including novel oral polio vaccine type 2 on the basis of its emergency use listing; and (b) mobilize domestic financial resources to complement international financial and political commitments.

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Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 15 Feb 2020]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Ebola Outbreak in DRC 79: 11 February 2020
[See Emergencies above ford detail]

Yemen
:: Journey to recovery: Yemeni patients get new lease on life in Jordan 9 February 2020

Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 15 Feb 2020]
Burkina Faso [in French]
:: Cas suspect d’infection par le nouveau coronavirus au Burkina Faso : les résultats …
14 février 2020
Ouagadougou, le 11 février 2020, le Ministère de la santé a fait un exposé sur les mesures sanitaires préventives prises par le Burkina Faso  pour faire face à un risque de survenue d’une éventuelle épidémie due au nouveau coronavirus dans le pays.
:: Burkina Faso : Riposte vaccinale contre la poliomyélite dans le District sanitaire d…
11 février 2020
Ouargaye( Centre Est au Burkina Faso), 7 févier 2020, lancement du  round 0 de la campagne de vaccination de riposte contre la poliomyélite sous la coordination du Gouverneur de la Région.

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Angola – No new digest announcements identified
Burundi – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
HIV in Pakistan – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi floods – No new digest announcements identified
Measles in Europe – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 15 Feb 2020]

Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Recent Developments in Northwest Syria – Situation Report No. 8 – As of 13 February 2020
HIGHLIGHTS
:: People in northwest Syria are living through some of the worst crisis since the war in Syria began. More than 800,000 people have been displaced since 1 December, due to intense conflict in freezing weather. The humanitarian community is doing everything it can but is overwhelmed by the scale of needs. An immediate cessation of the violence is critical. More resources, including funding, is immediately needed to save people’s lives and alleviate their suffering…

Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth – No new digest announcements identified
EBOLA OUTBREAK IN THE DRC
– No new digest announcements identified

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WHO & Regional Offices [to 15 Feb 2020]
News release 14 February 2020
Four countries in the African region license vaccine in milestone for Ebola prevention

News release 13 February 2020
Remarks by Dr Michael Ryan, Executive Director, WHO Health Emergencies Programme at media briefing on COVID-19 on 13 February 2020

News release 12 February 2020
World experts and funders set priorities for COVID-19 research

News release 10 February 2020
WHO and FIND formalize strategic collaboration to drive universal access to essential diagnostics

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Weekly Epidemiological Record, 14 February 2020, vol. 95, 07 (pp. 61–68)
:: Report of the thirtieth meeting of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication, 22 October 2019

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WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: Four countries in the African region license vaccine in milestone for Ebola preventi…
14 February 2020
:: Supporting media to bust harmful myths on coronavirus disease 13 February 2020

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: PAHO prepares a further 9 countries in the Americas for laboratory diagnosis of new coronavirus (02/14/2020)
:: PAHO prepares 8 Caribbean countries for laboratory diagnosis of new coronavirus (02/12/2020)
:: Cases of dengue in the Americas exceeded 3 million in 2019 (02/12/2020)
:: New coronavirus: Fiocruz, Ministry of Health of Brazil and PAHO provide training in laboratory diagnosis in nine countries (02/11/2020)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): European Region focusing on readiness 14-02-2020
:: Poland can strengthen financial protection by exempting poor people from copayments for medicines 12-02-2020
:: Harms and benefits of evidence-based screening outlined in new WHO report 11-02-2020
:: Well-prepared laboratories are first line of defence against novel coronavirus in Europe 10-02-2020

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Yemeni patients get new lease on life in Jordan 9 February 2020

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: 14 February 2020 | Commentary
It is time for all of us to play our part in the fight against the novel coronavirus in the Pacific
Our Region is at a critical juncture in the novel coronavirus (now known as COVID-19) outbreak. While the vast majority of cases are still in China, as of 14 February the virus has also been confirmed in 24 other countries on several continents. And there are now cases of local transmission in several countries, increasing the risk of onward spread.

CDC/ACIP [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
ACIP Meetings
Next ACIP Meeting: February 26-27, 2020
Agenda (Draft) pdf icon[2 pages]

Latest News Releases
:: Transcript for CDC Media Telebriefing: Update on COVID-19 Friday, February 14, 2020
:: CDC Media Telebriefing: Update on COVID-19 Friday, February 14, 2020
:: CDC Confirms 15th Case of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Thursday, February 13, 2020
:: CDC Confirms 14th Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Wednesday, February 12, 2020
:: Transcript for CDC Telebriefing: CDC Update on Novel Coronavirus Wednesday, February 12, 2020

MMWR News Synopsis Friday, February 14, 2020
Travel-Associated and Locally Acquired Dengue Cases — United States, 2010–2017
Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus — United States, January 2020

Africa CDC [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
Africa Identifies First Case of Coronavirus Disease: Statement by the Director of Africa CDC
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA, 15 FEBRUARY 2020. On 14 February 2020, the Minister of Health and Population of Egypt, Dr Hala Zayed, confirmed the first case of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Egypt.  In her statement, she confirmed that the patient is male, 33 years old, of foreign origin and is currently receiving treatment at an isolation centre in Egypt. The 17 contacts of the patient have tested negative, and all of them…

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
:: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
Updated: 2020-02-15
…As of 24:00 on Feb 14, the National Health Commission had received 66,492 reports of confirmed cases and 1,523 deaths in 31 provincial-level regions on the Chinese mainland and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and in all 8,096 patients had been cured and discharged from hospital. There still remained 56,873 confirmed cases (including 11,053 in serious condition) and 8,969 suspected cases. So far, 513,183 people have been identified as having had close contact with infected patients. 169,039 are now under medical observation…

China pushes for differentiated measures to battle coronavirus
Updated: 2020-02-14 Xinhua
Epidemic prevention and control in Hubei Province, particularly in the capital city of Wuhan, remain the top priority, said Premier Li Keqiang.
[See Emergencies above for detail]

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://cepi.net/
News
Ethiopia funds Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to combat spread of epidemics
10 Feb 2020
Oslo, Norway; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Ethiopia has pledged USD$300,000 in funding as part of a commitment to join the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and support its mission to speed development of vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases and prevent future epidemics…

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

European Vaccine Initiative [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.

FDA [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
February 14, 2020 – FDA’s Actions in Response to 2019 Novel Coronavirus at Home and Abroad
The FDA is an active partner in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) response, working closely …with our government and public health partners across the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as with our international counterparts. Our work is multifaceted, focusing on actively facilitating efforts to diagnose, treat and prevent the disease; surveilling the medical product supply chain for potential shortages or disruptions and helping to mitigate such impacts, as necessary; and leveraging the full breadth of our public health tools as we oversee the safety and quality of FDA-regulated products for American patients and consumers…

Fondation Merieux [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
5th Meeting of the GTFCC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Working Group
Dar es Salam (Tanzania)

Gavi [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
News
United States endorses Gavi with recommendation of US$ 1.16 billion, four-year commitment
:: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has announced a commitment of US$ 1.16 billion in funding for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance for fiscal years 2020 to 2023
:: Gavi aims to immunise 300 million additional children, saving more than 7 million lives
:: Dr Seth Berkley: Gavi advances sustained country ownership and strengthens global health security
Washington, DC, 10 February 2020 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, welcomes the US Administration’s announcement to commit US$ 1.16 billion to the Alliance for the fiscal years 2020 to 2023, exceeding its previous pledge in 2015. The commitment appeared in the President’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget request today and is subject to Congressional approval.
“This announcement is an important vote of confidence for Gavi’s mission and model,” said Dr Seth Berkley, Gavi’s CEO. “It will go a long way to help us build on our successful efforts over the last 20 years to provide the poorest, most vulnerable children in the world with the essential vaccines they need to survive and thrive. US support will also allow us to continue helping countries take ownership of their immunisation systems and sustain them in the future, which is central to Gavi’s model.”…

GHIT Fund [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News & Stories
No new digest content identified.

Hilleman Laboratories [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
No new digest content identified.

International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Asia Pacific, China, Global
IFRC to majorly ramp up coronavirus programmes across the globe
Geneva/Kuala Lumpur, 11 February 2020 – With the novel coronavirus steadily spreading beyond China and rising death toll, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is expanding its novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) response and preparedness programmes.
A 32 million Swiss franc global emergency appeal will support community-based health activities, access to basic services, and the management of misinformation and stigma – all equally crucial to control the spread of the virus. In the past two weeks the IFRC has been on the ground, supporting National Societies in countries where the outbreak is spreading, mainly in the Asia Pacific region. Through this emergency appeal, the IFRC hopes to invest in preparedness activities in other countries, with a focus on those whose health systems are already under pressure…
11 February 2020

IVAC [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
No new digest content identified.

IVI [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

JEE Alliance [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Epidemics and pandemics
Supporting preparedness efforts to fend off coronavirus
Voices from the Field 14 Feb 2020

Epidemics and pandemics
Providing materials, engaging communities in the COVID-19 coron…
Project Update 14 Feb 2020
Specialised medical protective equipment from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is on its way to Wuhan Jinyintan hospital in the capital city of Hubei province, China, the epicentre of the current coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.
“As of 14 February, there are more than 64,000 COVID-19 cases, 99 per cent of which are in China,” says Gert Verdonck, MSF’s Emergency Coordinator for COVID-19. “Medical protective equipment is key. So, we want to contribute to supporting frontline health workers with the specialised protection they need to work safely in an outbreak of this magnitude.”…

Iraq
Extending a helping hand in Iraqi health facilities
Project Update 14 Feb 2020

Epidemics and pandemics
MSF update on COVID-2019 coronavirus outbreak
Project Update 14 Feb 2020

National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC 2020 Meetings
June 9-10, 2020 NVAC Meeting
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)

NIH [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
Remdesivir prevents MERS coronavirus disease in monkeys
February 13, 2020 — Results support testing antiviral against 2019 novel coronavirus.

Recent advances in addressing tuberculosis give hope for future
February 11, 2020 — NIH officials describe “banner year”.

Less than a quarter of at-risk adolescent boys ever get tested for HIV
February 11, 2020 — Study stresses promoting patient-clinician communication about sexual behavior to encourage HIV testing in teenagers.

PATH [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Selected Announcements
Statement on the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request
February 11, 2020 by PATH
The following is a statement from Heather Ignatius, PATH’s Director for Policy and Advocacy, on the release of the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request.
“For the fourth year in a row, the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget request includes extensive cuts to global health programs—totaling more than $3 billion—at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the State Department, and at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
These cuts would hamper U.S. efforts to combat diseases such as HIV/AIDS, polio, and measles. They also impact the ability of our partners like the Global Fund and the World Health Organization (WHO) to work alongside us, putting additional lives at risk and reducing America’s own security and standing in the world.
However, the request is not all bad. One positive inclusion that we applaud is the strong signal of support for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and for USAID and CDC’s global health security programs. These investments are necessary to help some of the poorest countries afford live-saving vaccines, and at the same time help these countries become better prepared to stop deadly or debilitating infectious diseases before they spread to our borders.
The best way to keep our nation safe and promote America’s interests around the world is not by scaling back the very investments that ensure our safety and security. We urge Members of Congress to continue the decades of bipartisan support for these critical investments, and fully fund global health and development programs.”

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
13 February 2020
New Investment Book highlights investment opportunities
The Investment Book, an online tool for UNAIDS donors that capitalizes on the unique value of UNAIDS, has been launched. Highlighting the opportunities that are available for partnership and donor investment, the Investment Book shows the impact of investment opportunities at the global, regional and country levels.

11 February 2020
How are babies becoming infected with HIV in Africa?

10 February 2020
Advocacy toolkit for African first ladies launched

UNICEF [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
Critical support for former child soldiers in South Sudan at risk from lack of funding
900 children on verge of release could be left in limbo unless new funds are secured
11/02/2020

Press release
Geneva Palais briefing note on the situation of children in Madagascar
This is a summary of what was said by UNICEF Madagascar Deputy Representative Jean Benoit Manhes – to whom quoted text may be attributed – at today’s press briefing at the Palais des Nations in Geneva
11/02/2020

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
News | 13 February 2020
Wellcome pledges £10 million to tackle novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic
Wellcome is making a pledge of up to £10 million to accelerate research and support global efforts to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.

News | 11 February 2020
Jim Smith to resume his role as Wellcome’s Director of Science in May 2020
Jim Smith, who has been leading Wellcome’s Science Review since January 2019, is returning to his role as Director of Science as the review is almost complete.

The Wistar Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
Press Releases
Lunar New Year: travel responsibly to avoid carrying ASF virus
On the eve of a new lunar year, the risk of disease spread increases due to the massive movements of people travelling to celebrate. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) launches the second phase of its awareness campaign focusing on the role of travellers as carriers of African swine fever, a deadly pig disease, and how they can avoid spreading it.

Paris, 24 January 2020 – Tomorrow marks the start of the Year of the Rat. The largest annual human movement in the world is underway: people travelling home to celebrate the Lunar New Year, particularly to and from countries in Asia. With this, higher risk of travellers spreading infectious diseases such as African swine fever (ASF) or even the newly identified 2019novel-Coronavirus, poses a major threat to both animal and human populations, worldwide.

ASF affects domestic and wild pigs, and it has been causing detrimental impacts at different levels of society in over 50 countries across Sub Saharan Africa, Asia and Europe since 2018. ASF is not a danger to human health, however, it poses a major threat to pig health and welfare and, therefore, to pig production systems. Considering that pigs have become a main source of animal protein among a growing human population, ASF not only impacts the livelihoods of small and large-scale pig producers, but also threatens global food security. To date, more than 6 million animal losses have been reported in Asia and the Pacific, the biggest pork producing region in the world.

Given that there is no effective vaccine or treatment against ASF yet, prevention remains essential to stop its spread. It is important that key actors in the transmission of the disease acknowledge their role in preventing it and human carelessness is one of the main drivers of ASF spread…

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ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

BIO [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News
Advanced Pharmacovigilance workshop and WG meeting
16 March 2020 to 19 March 2020, Shanghai / China

IFPMA [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
IFPMA and WHO Global Research and Innovation Forum
Published on: 12 February 2020
IFPMA as the body representing the innovator biopharmaceutical industry in official relations with the UN, together with a number of its member companies were invited to the WHO Global Research and Innovation Forum on COVID-19 which took place on 11 and 12 February 2020 in Geneva.

IFPMA views on the meeting and the roadmap going forwards:
Geneva, 12 February 2020 – Global health security, and the public health emergency that COVID-19 represents, is everyone’s responsibility, it requires solidarity, collaboration, and innovative efforts from various stakeholders – i.e. industry, academia, regulators, governments, and WHO, to harness the power of science.

Innovative biopharmaceutical member companies of IFPMA are ready to help and are taking practical steps to see where it makes the most sense to engage. Those companies with potentially relevant knowhow have teams of scientists checking their libraries of potential assets that could fight coronaviruses. Our priority as industry is to help develop countermeasures, be it vaccines, therapies, or diagnostics, and if and when successful, make them immediately available to those in need.

Having a delegation present the WHO consultation these past two days has been helpful in that regard.

The WHO should be congratulated for managing to mobilize so many of the key players whose experience will be critical to stem the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

The very collegiate and science-focused manner in which the consultation took place bodes well for further the collaboration and positive engagement needed across the board if we are going to use the science at our disposal to minimise the public health impact of COVID-19 and potentially further coronavirus outbreaks.

The industry is fully supportive of efforts that will ensure the scientific community can respond quickly to the challenges this epidemic presents. The Forum resulted in many commendable ideas. Congratulations to WHO for getting so many stakeholders together at short notice. We would however comment that pragmatic implementation of the forthcoming WHO Roadmap is critical moving forward.

Going forwards, it will be crucial that the WHO continue to involve researchers, government, industry and coordinate efforts to help make informed decisions on how best to prioritize and collaborate on a shared research agenda for this virus. Speed and coordination, evidence-based response, involvement of those who already have the knowledge and expertise (in particular scientists on the front line in China), avoiding duplication, are all going to be paramount to ensure that lives will be saved and the spread of virus would stemmed and if possible be stopped.

The longer term research agenda should not detract taking the necessary immediate steps to contain the COVID-19 outbreak and support first-line responders while vaccines are being developed & therapeutics are researched. This includes streamlining the use of existing networks to improve response, such as Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data / GISAID Initiative, sharing data & clinical trials outcomes.

The above can be attributed to Thomas Cueni, Director General of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA)

PhRMA [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
R&D Focus: New report shows nearly 600 medicines in development for pediatric patients
February 13, 2020, Andrew Powaleny
America’s biopharmaceutical researchers are committed to studying, developing and testing medicines to meet the unique needs of pediatric patients. New treatment options for infants, children and adolescents can be complex and often require different clinical approaches than adult treatment pathways. According to a new report released today, there are nearly 600 pediatric medicines currently in development.

Here is a closer look at a few exciting developments in pediatric medicines:
There are more than 2,100 industry-sponsored pediatric clinical trials underway, testing 580 investigational medicines and involving more than 1.2 million pediatric patients across a variety of therapeutic areas, including diseases where there is significant unmet medical need. Medicines in development include:
:: A gene-edited cell therapy that could potentially be a one-time treatment for sickle cell disease
:: A monoclonal antibody approved to treat asthma in adults and children ages 12 years and older being tested in children ages 6 to 11
:: The first DDP-4 inhibitor approved for adults with type 2 diabetes in the United States being tested in children ages 10 to 17

Researchers are also testing medicines approved for use in adults to determine safe and effective dosage levels for children. Current investigations include:
:: 125 treatments for genetic diseases including medicines for cystic fibrosis, which affects more than 30,000 American children and adults
:: 86 treatments for cancer which, despite significant progress, is still a leading cause of death by disease among American children ages 1 to 19
:: 75 medicines for infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, ear infections, pneumonia and hepatitis
:: 55 medicines for skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, a chronic condition which affects about 20% of children in the United States…

Press Release
Statement on Biopharmaceutical Industry Efforts to Address the Coronavirus Public Health Emergency
Washington, D.C. (Tuesday, February 11, 2020) — PhRMA member companies’ global research and development leaders issued the following statement on the biopharmaceutical industry’s efforts to address the novel coronavirus public health emergency:
“For the past several weeks, the world has watched with growing concern as more information has become available on the rapidly evolving coronavirus outbreak.
“As leaders of global R&D organizations within the biopharmaceutical industry and as scientists, physicians and public health professionals, we share the concern over this serious global public health threat. We stand in solidarity with patients and medical colleagues in China and around the world as we race to understand and contain this new outbreak.
“The global biopharmaceutical industry is devoting our expertise, resources and capabilities to identify science-based solutions and medical treatments to combat this threat. For example, several companies have begun or accelerated development of vaccines and antiviral therapies. Members of the biopharmaceutical ecosystem, along with government and academic experts and charitable organizations, are all working around the clock to identify and develop new ways to prevent, diagnose and treat this deadly infectious disease. Further details will be communicated soon.”

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

BMC Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
http://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

Development of the WHO-INTEGRATE evidence-to-decision framework: an overview of systematic reviews of decision criteria for health decision-making
Decision-making in public health and health policy is complex and requires careful deliberation of many and sometimes conflicting normative and technical criteria. Several approaches and tools, such as multi-c…
Authors: J. M. Stratil, R. Baltussen, I. Scheel, A. Nacken and E. A. Rehfuess
Citation: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2020 18:8
Content type: Review
Published on: 11 February 2020