China CDC

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

 

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
:: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
Updated: 2020-02-15
…As of 24:00 on Feb 14, the National Health Commission had received 66,492 reports of confirmed cases and 1,523 deaths in 31 provincial-level regions on the Chinese mainland and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and in all 8,096 patients had been cured and discharged from hospital. There still remained 56,873 confirmed cases (including 11,053 in serious condition) and 8,969 suspected cases. So far, 513,183 people have been identified as having had close contact with infected patients. 169,039 are now under medical observation…

China pushes for differentiated measures to battle coronavirus
Updated: 2020-02-14 Xinhua
Epidemic prevention and control in Hubei Province, particularly in the capital city of Wuhan, remain the top priority, said Premier Li Keqiang.
[See Emergencies above for detail]

Announcements

Announcements

 

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
No new digest content identified.

 

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

 

CARB-X [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

 

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://cepi.net/
News
Ethiopia funds Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to combat spread of epidemics
10 Feb 2020
Oslo, Norway; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Ethiopia has pledged USD$300,000 in funding as part of a commitment to join the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and support its mission to speed development of vaccines to combat emerging infectious diseases and prevent future epidemics…

 

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

EDCTP [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

 

Emory Vaccine Center [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

 

European Medicines Agency [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

European Vaccine Initiative [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.

 

FDA [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
February 14, 2020 – FDA’s Actions in Response to 2019 Novel Coronavirus at Home and Abroad
The FDA is an active partner in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) response, working closely …with our government and public health partners across the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as well as with our international counterparts. Our work is multifaceted, focusing on actively facilitating efforts to diagnose, treat and prevent the disease; surveilling the medical product supply chain for potential shortages or disruptions and helping to mitigate such impacts, as necessary; and leveraging the full breadth of our public health tools as we oversee the safety and quality of FDA-regulated products for American patients and consumers…

 

Fondation Merieux [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
5th Meeting of the GTFCC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Working Group
Dar es Salam (Tanzania)

 

Gavi [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
News
United States endorses Gavi with recommendation of US$ 1.16 billion, four-year commitment
:: The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has announced a commitment of US$ 1.16 billion in funding for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance for fiscal years 2020 to 2023
:: Gavi aims to immunise 300 million additional children, saving more than 7 million lives
:: Dr Seth Berkley: Gavi advances sustained country ownership and strengthens global health security
Washington, DC, 10 February 2020 – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, welcomes the US Administration’s announcement to commit US$ 1.16 billion to the Alliance for the fiscal years 2020 to 2023, exceeding its previous pledge in 2015. The commitment appeared in the President’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget request today and is subject to Congressional approval.
“This announcement is an important vote of confidence for Gavi’s mission and model,” said Dr Seth Berkley, Gavi’s CEO. “It will go a long way to help us build on our successful efforts over the last 20 years to provide the poorest, most vulnerable children in the world with the essential vaccines they need to survive and thrive. US support will also allow us to continue helping countries take ownership of their immunisation systems and sustain them in the future, which is central to Gavi’s model.”…

 

GHIT Fund [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

 

Global Fund [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News & Stories
No new digest content identified.

 

Hilleman Laboratories [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

 

Human Vaccines Project [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

IAVI [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

 

 

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
No new digest content identified.

 

 

International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

 

 

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
No new digest content identified.

 

IFRC [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Asia Pacific, China, Global
IFRC to majorly ramp up coronavirus programmes across the globe
Geneva/Kuala Lumpur, 11 February 2020 – With the novel coronavirus steadily spreading beyond China and rising death toll, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is expanding its novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) response and preparedness programmes.
A 32 million Swiss franc global emergency appeal will support community-based health activities, access to basic services, and the management of misinformation and stigma – all equally crucial to control the spread of the virus. In the past two weeks the IFRC has been on the ground, supporting National Societies in countries where the outbreak is spreading, mainly in the Asia Pacific region. Through this emergency appeal, the IFRC hopes to invest in preparedness activities in other countries, with a focus on those whose health systems are already under pressure…
11 February 2020

 

IVAC [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
No new digest content identified.

 

IVI [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

 

JEE Alliance [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

 

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Epidemics and pandemics
Supporting preparedness efforts to fend off coronavirus
Voices from the Field 14 Feb 2020

Epidemics and pandemics
Providing materials, engaging communities in the COVID-19 coron…
Project Update 14 Feb 2020
Specialised medical protective equipment from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is on its way to Wuhan Jinyintan hospital in the capital city of Hubei province, China, the epicentre of the current coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.
“As of 14 February, there are more than 64,000 COVID-19 cases, 99 per cent of which are in China,” says Gert Verdonck, MSF’s Emergency Coordinator for COVID-19. “Medical protective equipment is key. So, we want to contribute to supporting frontline health workers with the specialised protection they need to work safely in an outbreak of this magnitude.”…

Iraq
Extending a helping hand in Iraqi health facilities
Project Update 14 Feb 2020

Epidemics and pandemics
MSF update on COVID-2019 coronavirus outbreak
Project Update 14 Feb 2020

 

National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC 2020 Meetings
June 9-10, 2020 NVAC Meeting
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)

 

NIH [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
Remdesivir prevents MERS coronavirus disease in monkeys
February 13, 2020 — Results support testing antiviral against 2019 novel coronavirus.

Recent advances in addressing tuberculosis give hope for future
February 11, 2020 — NIH officials describe “banner year”.

Less than a quarter of at-risk adolescent boys ever get tested for HIV
February 11, 2020 — Study stresses promoting patient-clinician communication about sexual behavior to encourage HIV testing in teenagers.

 

PATH [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Selected Announcements
Statement on the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request
February 11, 2020 by PATH
The following is a statement from Heather Ignatius, PATH’s Director for Policy and Advocacy, on the release of the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request.
“For the fourth year in a row, the Administration’s Fiscal Year 2021 budget request includes extensive cuts to global health programs—totaling more than $3 billion—at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the State Department, and at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
These cuts would hamper U.S. efforts to combat diseases such as HIV/AIDS, polio, and measles. They also impact the ability of our partners like the Global Fund and the World Health Organization (WHO) to work alongside us, putting additional lives at risk and reducing America’s own security and standing in the world.
However, the request is not all bad. One positive inclusion that we applaud is the strong signal of support for Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and for USAID and CDC’s global health security programs. These investments are necessary to help some of the poorest countries afford live-saving vaccines, and at the same time help these countries become better prepared to stop deadly or debilitating infectious diseases before they spread to our borders.
The best way to keep our nation safe and promote America’s interests around the world is not by scaling back the very investments that ensure our safety and security. We urge Members of Congress to continue the decades of bipartisan support for these critical investments, and fully fund global health and development programs.”

 

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

UNAIDS [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
13 February 2020
New Investment Book highlights investment opportunities
The Investment Book, an online tool for UNAIDS donors that capitalizes on the unique value of UNAIDS, has been launched. Highlighting the opportunities that are available for partnership and donor investment, the Investment Book shows the impact of investment opportunities at the global, regional and country levels.

11 February 2020
How are babies becoming infected with HIV in Africa?

10 February 2020
Advocacy toolkit for African first ladies launched

 

UNICEF [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
Critical support for former child soldiers in South Sudan at risk from lack of funding
900 children on verge of release could be left in limbo unless new funds are secured
11/02/2020

Press release
Geneva Palais briefing note on the situation of children in Madagascar
This is a summary of what was said by UNICEF Madagascar Deputy Representative Jean Benoit Manhes – to whom quoted text may be attributed – at today’s press briefing at the Palais des Nations in Geneva
11/02/2020

 

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
No new digest content identified.

 

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.

 

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

 

Wellcome Trust [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
News | 13 February 2020
Wellcome pledges £10 million to tackle novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic
Wellcome is making a pledge of up to £10 million to accelerate research and support global efforts to tackle the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.

News | 11 February 2020
Jim Smith to resume his role as Wellcome’s Director of Science in May 2020
Jim Smith, who has been leading Wellcome’s Science Review since January 2019, is returning to his role as Director of Science as the review is almost complete.

 

The Wistar Institute [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
Press Releases
Lunar New Year: travel responsibly to avoid carrying ASF virus
On the eve of a new lunar year, the risk of disease spread increases due to the massive movements of people travelling to celebrate. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) launches the second phase of its awareness campaign focusing on the role of travellers as carriers of African swine fever, a deadly pig disease, and how they can avoid spreading it.

Paris, 24 January 2020 – Tomorrow marks the start of the Year of the Rat. The largest annual human movement in the world is underway: people travelling home to celebrate the Lunar New Year, particularly to and from countries in Asia. With this, higher risk of travellers spreading infectious diseases such as African swine fever (ASF) or even the newly identified 2019novel-Coronavirus, poses a major threat to both animal and human populations, worldwide.

ASF affects domestic and wild pigs, and it has been causing detrimental impacts at different levels of society in over 50 countries across Sub Saharan Africa, Asia and Europe since 2018. ASF is not a danger to human health, however, it poses a major threat to pig health and welfare and, therefore, to pig production systems. Considering that pigs have become a main source of animal protein among a growing human population, ASF not only impacts the livelihoods of small and large-scale pig producers, but also threatens global food security. To date, more than 6 million animal losses have been reported in Asia and the Pacific, the biggest pork producing region in the world.

Given that there is no effective vaccine or treatment against ASF yet, prevention remains essential to stop its spread. It is important that key actors in the transmission of the disease acknowledge their role in preventing it and human carelessness is one of the main drivers of ASF spread…

 

 

::::::

 

ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

BIO [to 15 Feb 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News
Advanced Pharmacovigilance workshop and WG meeting
16 March 2020 to 19 March 2020, Shanghai / China

 

IFPMA [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
IFPMA and WHO Global Research and Innovation Forum
Published on: 12 February 2020
IFPMA as the body representing the innovator biopharmaceutical industry in official relations with the UN, together with a number of its member companies were invited to the WHO Global Research and Innovation Forum on COVID-19 which took place on 11 and 12 February 2020 in Geneva.

IFPMA views on the meeting and the roadmap going forwards:
Geneva, 12 February 2020 – Global health security, and the public health emergency that COVID-19 represents, is everyone’s responsibility, it requires solidarity, collaboration, and innovative efforts from various stakeholders – i.e. industry, academia, regulators, governments, and WHO, to harness the power of science.

Innovative biopharmaceutical member companies of IFPMA are ready to help and are taking practical steps to see where it makes the most sense to engage. Those companies with potentially relevant knowhow have teams of scientists checking their libraries of potential assets that could fight coronaviruses. Our priority as industry is to help develop countermeasures, be it vaccines, therapies, or diagnostics, and if and when successful, make them immediately available to those in need.

Having a delegation present the WHO consultation these past two days has been helpful in that regard.

The WHO should be congratulated for managing to mobilize so many of the key players whose experience will be critical to stem the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.

The very collegiate and science-focused manner in which the consultation took place bodes well for further the collaboration and positive engagement needed across the board if we are going to use the science at our disposal to minimise the public health impact of COVID-19 and potentially further coronavirus outbreaks.

The industry is fully supportive of efforts that will ensure the scientific community can respond quickly to the challenges this epidemic presents. The Forum resulted in many commendable ideas. Congratulations to WHO for getting so many stakeholders together at short notice. We would however comment that pragmatic implementation of the forthcoming WHO Roadmap is critical moving forward.

Going forwards, it will be crucial that the WHO continue to involve researchers, government, industry and coordinate efforts to help make informed decisions on how best to prioritize and collaborate on a shared research agenda for this virus. Speed and coordination, evidence-based response, involvement of those who already have the knowledge and expertise (in particular scientists on the front line in China), avoiding duplication, are all going to be paramount to ensure that lives will be saved and the spread of virus would stemmed and if possible be stopped.

The longer term research agenda should not detract taking the necessary immediate steps to contain the COVID-19 outbreak and support first-line responders while vaccines are being developed & therapeutics are researched. This includes streamlining the use of existing networks to improve response, such as Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data / GISAID Initiative, sharing data & clinical trials outcomes.

The above can be attributed to Thomas Cueni, Director General of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA)

 

PhRMA [to 15 Feb 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
R&D Focus: New report shows nearly 600 medicines in development for pediatric patients
February 13, 2020, Andrew Powaleny
America’s biopharmaceutical researchers are committed to studying, developing and testing medicines to meet the unique needs of pediatric patients. New treatment options for infants, children and adolescents can be complex and often require different clinical approaches than adult treatment pathways. According to a new report released today, there are nearly 600 pediatric medicines currently in development.

Here is a closer look at a few exciting developments in pediatric medicines:
There are more than 2,100 industry-sponsored pediatric clinical trials underway, testing 580 investigational medicines and involving more than 1.2 million pediatric patients across a variety of therapeutic areas, including diseases where there is significant unmet medical need. Medicines in development include:
:: A gene-edited cell therapy that could potentially be a one-time treatment for sickle cell disease
:: A monoclonal antibody approved to treat asthma in adults and children ages 12 years and older being tested in children ages 6 to 11
:: The first DDP-4 inhibitor approved for adults with type 2 diabetes in the United States being tested in children ages 10 to 17

Researchers are also testing medicines approved for use in adults to determine safe and effective dosage levels for children. Current investigations include:
:: 125 treatments for genetic diseases including medicines for cystic fibrosis, which affects more than 30,000 American children and adults
:: 86 treatments for cancer which, despite significant progress, is still a leading cause of death by disease among American children ages 1 to 19
:: 75 medicines for infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, ear infections, pneumonia and hepatitis
:: 55 medicines for skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, a chronic condition which affects about 20% of children in the United States…

Press Release
Statement on Biopharmaceutical Industry Efforts to Address the Coronavirus Public Health Emergency
Washington, D.C. (Tuesday, February 11, 2020) — PhRMA member companies’ global research and development leaders issued the following statement on the biopharmaceutical industry’s efforts to address the novel coronavirus public health emergency:
“For the past several weeks, the world has watched with growing concern as more information has become available on the rapidly evolving coronavirus outbreak.
“As leaders of global R&D organizations within the biopharmaceutical industry and as scientists, physicians and public health professionals, we share the concern over this serious global public health threat. We stand in solidarity with patients and medical colleagues in China and around the world as we race to understand and contain this new outbreak.
“The global biopharmaceutical industry is devoting our expertise, resources and capabilities to identify science-based solutions and medical treatments to combat this threat. For example, several companies have begun or accelerated development of vaccines and antiviral therapies. Members of the biopharmaceutical ecosystem, along with government and academic experts and charitable organizations, are all working around the clock to identify and develop new ways to prevent, diagnose and treat this deadly infectious disease. Further details will be communicated soon.”

Journal Watch

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

Development of the WHO-INTEGRATE evidence-to-decision framework: an overview of systematic reviews of decision criteria for health decision-making

BMC Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
http://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

 

Development of the WHO-INTEGRATE evidence-to-decision framework: an overview of systematic reviews of decision criteria for health decision-making
Decision-making in public health and health policy is complex and requires careful deliberation of many and sometimes conflicting normative and technical criteria. Several approaches and tools, such as multi-c…
Authors: J. M. Stratil, R. Baltussen, I. Scheel, A. Nacken and E. A. Rehfuess
Citation: Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2020 18:8
Content type: Review
Published on: 11 February 2020

Safety and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

 

Safety and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review
Infants < 3 months of age are at highest risk for developing severe complications after pertussis. The majority of pregnant women has low concentrations of pertussis-specific antibodies and thus newborns are i…
Authors: Sabine Vygen-Bonnet, Wiebke Hellenbrand, Edeltraut Garbe, Rüdiger von Kries, Christian Bogdan, Ulrich Heininger, Marianne Röbl-Mathieu and Thomas Harder
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:136
Content type: Research article
Published on: 13 February 2020

EPI immunization coverage, timeliness and dropout rate among children in a West Cameroon health district: a cross sectional study

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

 

EPI immunization coverage, timeliness and dropout rate among children in a West Cameroon health district: a cross sectional study
Monitoring of the expanded program on immunization’s performance is not only limited to routine periodic reports but equally includes surveys. Based on unpublished national EPI surveillance data from the past …
Authors: Jérôme Ateudjieu, Martin Ndinakie Yakum, André Pascal Goura, Ayok Maureen Tembei, Douanla Koutio Ingrid, Beyala Bita’a Landry, Bruno Kenfack, Lapia Amada, Isaac Tadzong and Anne Cecile Bissek
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:228
Content type: Research article
Published on: 13 February 2020

Personal and social patterns predict influenza vaccination decision

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

 

Personal and social patterns predict influenza vaccination decision
Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in most developed countries, despite longstanding recommendations of public health organizations. The individual’s decision regarding vaccination is l…
Authors: Adir Shaham, Gabriel Chodick, Varda Shalev and Dan Yamin
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:222
Content type: Research article
Published on: 12 February 2020

Network Analysis for Complex Neurodegenerative Diseases

Current Genetic Medicine Reports
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2020
https://link.springer.com/journal/40142/8/1

Bioinformatics
Network Analysis for Complex Neurodegenerative Diseases
Claudia Manzoni, Patrick A. Lewis, Raffaele Ferrari
Abstract

Purpose of Review
Biomedicine is witnessing a paradigm shift in the way complex disorders are investigated. In particular, the need for big data interpretation has led to the development of pipelines that require the cooperation of different fields of expertise, including medicine, functional biology, informatics, mathematics and systems biology. This review sits at the crossroad of different disciplines and surveys the recent developments in the use of graph theory (in the form of network analysis) to interpret large and different datasets in the context of complex neurodegenerative diseases. It aims at a professional audience with different backgrounds.

Recent Findings
Biomedicine has entered the era of big data, and this is actively changing the way we approach and perform research. The increase in size and power of biomedical studies has led to the establishment of multi-centre, international working groups coordinating open access platforms for data generation, storage and analysis. Particularly, pipelines for data interpretation are under development, and network analysis is gaining momentum since it represents a versatile approach to study complex systems made of interconnected multiple players.

Summary
We will describe the era of big data in biomedicine and survey the major freely accessible multi-omics datasets. We will then introduce the principles of graph theory and provide examples of network analysis applied to the interpretation of complex neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusions
The research community is witnessing a very productive moment in biomedicine, experiencing an exponential growth in the amount of data that is generated with many initiatives taking place to improve the way we analyse data to extract biologically meaningful information to be translated for the benefit of medical practice. Of course, even if the computational power, the statistical approaches and the mathematics of graph theory are available, such paradigm shift in basic and applied research is still in its infancy. There still are levels of complexity that need to be overcome; for example, networks are more static than dynamic objects, where both edges and nodes can reconfigure themselves as in the real biological context [76•], and many omics datasets still lack that critical cell specificity type of information that would be necessary to draw more comprehensive functional conclusions. A specific initiative called Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methodology (DREAM) challenge (http://dreamchallenges.org) has been launched in 2006 as a crowdsourcing effort, where teams from all over the world are competing to develop the best performing pipelines to address compelling, big data problems in biomedicine. Analytical pipelines are being generated at a fast pace; however, these will need to stand the test of time; particularly, the next critical step will be validating the in silico findings, thus develop useful functional systems to model disease and highlight efficient endpoints for therapeutic drug intervention.

 

Research co-design in health: a rapid overview of reviews

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 15 Feb 2020]

 

Research co-design in health: a rapid overview of reviews
Billions of dollars are lost annually in health research that fails to create meaningful benefits for patients. Engaging in research co-design – the meaningful involvement of end-users in research – may help a…
Authors: Peter Slattery, Alexander K. Saeri and Peter Bragge
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:17
Content type: Review
Published on: 11 February 2020

Review of published evidence on knowledge translation capacity, practice and support among researchers and research institutions in low- and middle-income countries

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 15 Feb 2020]

 

Review of published evidence on knowledge translation capacity, practice and support among researchers and research institutions in low- and middle-income countries
Knowledge translation (KT) is a dynamic and iterative process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to yield beneficial outcomes for society. Effective K…
Authors: Violet Ibukayo Murunga, Rose Ndakala Oronje, Imelda Bates, Nadia Tagoe and Justin Pulford
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:16
Content type: Review
Published on: 10 February 2020

The Crisis in Yemen

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 76, January 2020
https://odihpn.org/magazine/the-crisis-in-yemen/

 

The Crisis in Yemen
by HPN
This edition of Humanitarian Exchange focuses on the crisis in Yemen. Since the war there began in 2014, thousands of civilians have been killed or injured and air strikes and ground operations have destroyed hospitals, schools and critical infrastructure. An estimated 80% of Yemenis need humanitarian assistance.

In the lead article, Laurie Lee highlights the critical role Yemenis and Yemeni organisations are playing in addressing the humanitarian challenges in the country, and how NGOs can better support them. Genevieve Gauthier and Marcus Skinner reinforce this point with reference to two local organisations, the Yemen Women’s Union and Al Hikma. Warda Saleh, the founder of another Yemeni grassroots organisation, discusses the increased risk of gender-based violence facing women and girls, while Ibrahim Jalal and Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy focus on internal displacement and the opportunities for a more effective humanitarian response. Reflecting on child protection programming in Yemen, Mohammed Alshamaa  and Amanda Brydon conclude that multisectoral approaches with local authorities result in better and more sustainable outcomes. Padraic McCluskey and Jana Brandt consider the ethical dilemmas Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) faced in trying to balance quality and coverage in a mother and child hospital in Taiz. Lindsay Spainhour Baker and colleagues reflect on the challenges involved in gathering and analysing information on the humanitarian situation while Lamis Al-Iryani, Sikandra Kurdi and Sarah Palmer-Felgate discuss the findings from an evaluation of the Yemen Social Fund for Development (SFD) Cash for Nutrition programme. An article by Kristine Beckerle and Osamah Al-Fakih details Yemeni and international organisations’ efforts to document and mitigate harm to civilians caught up in the conflict. The edition ends with a piece by Fanny Pettibon, Anica Heinlein and Dhabie Brown outlining CARE’s advocacy on the arms trade.

Finally, readers will note that this edition is shorter than usual, largely because it was very difficult to persuade potential authors to write on the Yemen crisis. Many of the individuals and organisations we contacted were either too busy responding or were concerned that writing frankly about their work could negatively affect their operations. HPN has covered many similarly sensitive contexts in Humanitarian Exchange over the last 26 years, but this is the first time we have experienced such reluctance to engage. A worrying sign.

Re-evaluating herd protection by Vi typhoid vaccine in a cluster randomized trial

International Health
Volume 12, Issue 2, February 2020
https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/issue/12/2

 

Articles
Re-evaluating herd protection by Vi typhoid vaccine in a cluster randomized trial
Mohammad Ali, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Firdausi Qadri, Deok Ryun Kim
Int Health, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 36–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz069

The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
February 2020 Volume 91, p1-270
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(19)X0020-X

 

Editorial
The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China
David S. Hui, Esam I Azhar, Tariq A. Madani, Francine Ntoumi, Richard Kock, Osman Dar, Giuseppe Ippolito, Timothy D. Mchugh, Ziad A. Memish, Christian Drosten, Alimuddin Zumla, Eskild Petersen
p264–266
Published online: January 14, 2020

Sharing Health Care Data With Digital Giants – Overcoming Obstacles and Reaping Benefits While Protecting Patients

JAMA
February 11, 2020, Vol 323, No. 6, Pages 491-580
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Viewpoint
Sharing Health Care Data With Digital Giants – Overcoming Obstacles and Reaping Benefits While Protecting Patients
Robert M. Wachter, MD; Christine K. Cassel, MD
JAMA. 2020;323(6):507-508. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.21215
This Viewpoint proposes principles of security, transparency, and privacy to guide data-sharing agreements between clinical organizations and digital technology companies as both seek electronic health record (EHR) data to grow their business and improve health care delivery and outcomes.

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care – A Report From the National Academy of Medicine

JAMA
February 11, 2020, Vol 323, No. 6, Pages 491-580
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Artificial Intelligence in Health Care – A Report From the National Academy of Medicine
Michael E. Matheny, MD, MS, MPH; Danielle Whicher, PhD, MHS; Sonoo Thadaney Israni, MBA
JAMA. 2020;323(6):509-510. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.21579
This Viewpoint summarizes the 2019 AI in Healthcare report from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), which reviews best practices for AI development, adoption, and maintenance and urges prioritization of equity, inclusion, and human rights in AI health system implementation.

Clinical Practices for Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination Among US Pediatric International Travelers

JAMA Pediatrics
February 2020, Vol 174, No. 2, Pages 109-217
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Original Investigation
Clinical Practices for Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination Among US Pediatric International Travelers
Emily P. Hyle, MD, MSc; Sowmya R. Rao, PhD; Audrey C. Bangs, BA; et al.
online only
JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(2):e194515. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4515
This cross-sectional study examines clinical practice regarding measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination of pediatric international travelers and assesses reasons for nonvaccination of infants and children identified as eligible for vaccination.

Provider Experience Recommending HPV Vaccination Before Age 11 Years

Journal of Pediatrics
February 2020 Volume 217, p1-224
http://www.jpeds.com/current

 

Original Articles
Provider Experience Recommending HPV Vaccination Before Age 11 Years
Providers had positive experiences recommending HPV vaccination before age 11 years. Routine recommendation before age 11 years may offer advantages related to fewer shots per visit, fewer missed opportunities, and reduction of parental concerns related to sexual activity.
Dea L. Biancarelli, Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Rebecca B. Perkins
p92–97
Published online: November 19, 2019

A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster

The Lancet
Feb 15, 2020 Volume 395 Number 10223 p467-536, e28-e32
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, er al

Safety and immunogenicity of the oral, inactivated, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine ETVAX in Bangladeshi children and infants: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Feb 2020 Volume 20 Number 2 p145-260, e26-e62
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Article
Safety and immunogenicity of the oral, inactivated, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine ETVAX in Bangladeshi children and infants: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial
Firdausi Qadri, et al
Open Access

The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing

Nature
Volume 578 Issue 7794, 13 February 2020
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

 

Review Article | 12 February 2020
The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing
The scientific, technical and ethical aspects of using CRISPR technology for therapeutic applications in humans are discussed, highlighting both opportunities and challenges of this technology to treat, cure and prevent genetic disease.
Jennifer A. Doudna

Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus

Nature Medicine
Volume 26 Issue 2, February 2020
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/26/issues/2

 

Editorial | 03 February 2020
Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus
As the outbreak of a deadly new coronavirus in China and its rapid spread is rattling countries, only the collective international experience and advances derived from past outbreaks can accelerate its control.

Novel vaccine technologies for the 21st century

Nature Reviews Immunology
Volume 20 Issue 2, February 2020
https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/20/issues/2

 

Year in Review | 11 November 2019
Novel vaccine technologies for the 21st century
New approaches to vaccine development have generated exciting results over the past 18 months. Focusing on respiratory syncytial virus infection, influenza and tuberculosis, Fauci and Mascola discuss the impact of structure-based vaccine design, gene-based vaccine platforms and advances in adjuvant development.
John R. Mascola  & Anthony S. Fauci

The Magic of Randomization versus the Myth of Real-World Evidence

New England Journal of Medicine
February 13, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 7
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

 

Sounding Board
The Magic of Randomization versus the Myth of Real-World Evidence
R. Collins, L. Bowman, M. Landray, and R. Peto
Nonrandomized observational analyses have been promoted as alternatives to randomized clinical trials. However, randomization ensures balance between groups, whereas nonrandomized studies are often biased by between-group differences. Efforts to reduce the cost and complexity of clinical trials are preferable to relying on observational studies.

Big Data in the Assessment of Pediatric Medication Safety

Pediatrics
February 01, 2020; Volume 145,Issue 2
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2

 

Special Article
Big Data in the Assessment of Pediatric Medication Safety
Ann W. McMahon, William O. Cooper, Jeffrey S. Brown, Bruce Carleton, Finale Doshi-Velez, Isaac Kohane, Jennifer L. Goldman, Mark A. Hoffman, Rishikesan Kamaleswaran, Michiyo Sakiyama, Shohko Sekine, Miriam C.J.M. Sturkenboom, Mark A. Turner, Robert M. Califf
Pediatrics, Feb 2020, 145 (2) e20190562

Emerging priorities for HIV service delivery

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 15 Feb 2020)

 

Emerging priorities for HIV service delivery
Nathan Ford, Elvin Geng, Tom Ellman, Catherine Orrell, Peter Ehrenkranz, Izukanji Sikazwe, Andreas Jahn, Miriam Rabkin, Stephen Ayisi Addo, Anna Grimsrud, Sydney Rosen, Isaac Zulu, William Reidy, Thabo Lejone, Tsitsi Apollo, Charles Holmes, Ana Francisca Kolling, Rosina Phate Lesihla, Huu Hai Nguyen, Baker Bakashaba, Lastone Chitembo, Ghion Tiriste, Meg Doherty, Helen Bygrave
Policy Forum | published 14 Feb 2020 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003028

Opinion: Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
[Accessed 15 Feb 2020]

 

Front Matter
Opinion: Sustainable development must account for pandemic risk
Moreno Di Marco, Michelle L. Baker, Peter Daszak, Paul De Barro, Evan A. Eskew, Cecile M. Godde, Tom D. Harwood, Mario Herrero, Andrew J. Hoskins, Erica Johnson, William B. Karesh, Catherine Machalaba, Javier Navarro Garcia, Dean Paini, Rebecca Pirzl, Mark Stafford Smith, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, and Simon Ferrier
PNAS first published February 14, 2020.

Veridical data science

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
[Accessed 15 Feb 2020]

 

Veridical data science
Inaugural Article
Bin Yu and Karl Kumbier
PNAS first published February 13, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901326117
Significance
Predictability, computability, and stability (PCS) are three core principles of data science. They embed the scientific principles of prediction and replication in data-driven decision making while recognizing the central role of computation. Based on these principles, we propose the PCS framework, including workflow and documentation (in R Markdown or Jupyter Notebook). The PCS framework aims at responsible, reliable, reproducible, and transparent analysis across fields of science, social science, engineering, business, and government. It can be used as a recommendation system for scientific hypothesis generation and experimental design. In particular, we propose (basic) PCS inference for reliability measures on data results, extending statistical inference to a much broader scope as current data science practice entails.
Abstract
Building and expanding on principles of statistics, machine learning, and scientific inquiry, we propose the predictability, computability, and stability (PCS) framework for veridical data science. Our framework, composed of both a workflow and documentation, aims to provide responsible, reliable, reproducible, and transparent results across the data science life cycle. The PCS workflow uses predictability as a reality check and considers the importance of computation in data collection/storage and algorithm design. It augments predictability and computability with an overarching stability principle. Stability expands on statistical uncertainty considerations to assess how human judgment calls impact data results through data and model/algorithm perturbations. As part of the PCS workflow, we develop PCS inference procedures, namely PCS perturbation intervals and PCS hypothesis testing, to investigate the stability of data results relative to problem formulation, data cleaning, modeling decisions, and interpretations. We illustrate PCS inference through neuroscience and genomics projects of our own and others. Moreover, we demonstrate its favorable performance over existing methods in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in high-dimensional, sparse linear model simulations, including a wide range of misspecified models. Finally, we propose PCS documentation based on R Markdown or Jupyter Notebook, with publicly available, reproducible codes and narratives to back up human choices made throughout an analysis. The PCS workflow and documentation are demonstrated in a genomics case study available on Zenodo.

Factors associated with adolescent HPV vaccination in the U.S.: A systematic review of reviews and multilevel framework to inform intervention development

Preventive Medicine
Volume 131 February 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/131/suppl/C

 

Review article Abstract only
Factors associated with adolescent HPV vaccination in the U.S.: A systematic review of reviews and multilevel framework to inform intervention development
Serena A. Rodriguez, Patricia Dolan Mullen, Diana M. Lopez, Lara S. Savas, Maria E. Fernández
Article 105968

The Prioritization of Island Nations as Refuges from Extreme Pandemics

Risk Analysis
Volume 40, Issue 2 Pages: 215-438 February 2020
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current

 

Original Research Articles
The Prioritization of Island Nations as Refuges from Extreme Pandemics
Matt Boyd, Nick Wilson
Pages: 227-239
First Published: 23 September 2019
Abstract
In this conceptual article with illustrative data, we suggest that it is useful to rank island nations as potential refuges for ensuring long‐term human survival in the face of catastrophic pandemics (or other relevant existential threats). Prioritization could identify the several island nations that are most suitable for targeting social and political preparations and further investment in resiliency. We outline a prioritization methodology and as an initial demonstration, we then provide example rankings by considering 20 sovereign island states (all with populations greater than 250,000 and no land borders). Results describe each nation in nine resilience‐relevant domains covering location, population, resources, and society according to published data

Why Have Immunization Efforts in Pakistan Failed to Achieve Global Standards of Vaccination Uptake and Infectious Disease Control?

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
https://www.dovepress.com/risk-management-and-healthcare-policy-archive56
[Accessed 15 Feb 2020]

 

Review
Why Have Immunization Efforts in Pakistan Failed to Achieve Global Standards of Vaccination Uptake and Infectious Disease Control?
Butt M, Mohammed R, Butt E, Butt S, Xiang J
Published Date: 12 February 2020