Risk Analysis          
Volume 38, Issue 11  Pages: 2243-2501  November 2018
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current

Original Research Article  Open Access

Children Are Exposed to Fecal Contamination via Multiple Interconnected Pathways: A Network Model for Exposure Assessment
Yuke Wang, Christine L. Moe, Peter F. M. Teunis
Pages: 2478-2496
First Published: 27 July 2018

Science         
09 November 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6415
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

In Depth
Indonesian fatwa causes immunization rates to drop
By Dyna Rochmyaningsih
Science09 Nov 2018 : 628-629 Restricted Access
Clerics declare measles and rubella vaccine made with pork components impure.
Summary
A massive vaccination campaign against measles and rubella in Indonesia is in trouble after the Indonesian Ulama Council in Jakarta issued a fatwa declaring the vaccine “haram,” or forbidden under Islamic law, because pig components are used in its manufacturing. The council ruled that parents could still have their children vaccinated, given the need to protect public health. But many local clerics and confused parents have decided otherwise: The fatwa has led to a drop in vaccination rates, from 95% during the first phase of the campaign, last year on the island of Java, to 68% in the second phase, now in progress on the remaining islands. Public health experts worry the world’s largest Muslim-majority country could see new waves of measles and more miscarriages and birth defects resulting from rubella infections during pregnancy.

Science         
09 November 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6415
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

Policy Forum
Whose science? A new era in regulatory “science wars”
By Wendy Wagner, Elizabeth Fisher, Pasky Pascual
Science09 Nov 2018 : 636-639 Full Access
Proposed reforms show a clear break with historical norms
Summary
Good laws need good science; however, good science is never guaranteed. Debate over the use of science in law is nearly as old as the laws themselves. With “science wars” waging in health and environmental regulation for at least three-quarters of a century, it is tempting to conclude that recent proposals for reforming regulatory science are similar to what has occurred in the past. They are not. They mark a sharp departure with the past because they legally constrain how agency scientists conduct the initial literature review and synthesis informing policy. Because the reforms generally take the form of legislation or regulation, they do not simply suggest best practices for conducting scientific analyses but establish legal lines that cannot be crossed. Moreover, even though they create legal ground rules for scientific deliberations, the reforms have not been developed by the scientific community, but by members of Congress and political officials. In providing a birds’-eye view of the legal developments in regulatory science over the past 50 years, we identify just how idiosyncratic these current reforms are and why the scientific community needs to be aware of their implications.

Science         
09 November 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6415
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

Identity inference of genomic data using long-range familial searches
By Yaniv Erlich, Tal Shor, Itsik Pe’er, Shai Carmi
Science09 Nov 2018 : 690-694 Restricted Access
Genetic privacy is difficult to maintain in light of forensic searches of genetic genealogical databases.
Detecting familial matches
Recent advances in DNA technology and companies that provide array-based testing have led to services that collect, share, and analyze volunteered genomic information. Privacy concerns have been raised, especially in light of the use of these services by law enforcement to identify suspects in criminal cases. Testing models of relatedness, Erlich et al. show that many individuals of European ancestry in the United States—even those that have not undergone genetic testing—can be identified on the basis of available genetic information. These results indicate a need for procedures to help maintain genetic privacy for individuals.
Science, this issue p. 690
Abstract
Consumer genomics databases have reached the scale of millions of individuals. Recently, law enforcement authorities have exploited some of these databases to identify suspects via distant familial relatives. Using genomic data of 1.28 million individuals tested with consumer genomics, we investigated the power of this technique. We project that about 60% of the searches for individuals of European descent will result in a third-cousin or closer match, which theoretically allows their identification using demographic identifiers. Moreover, the technique could implicate nearly any U.S. individual of European descent in the near future. We demonstrate that the technique can also identify research participants of a public sequencing project. On the basis of these results, we propose a potential mitigation strategy and policy implications for human subject research.

Tropical Medicine & International Health
Volume 23, Issue 11  Pages: i-iv, 1157-1279  November 2018
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/13653156/current

Original Research Papers
How to achieve the global 90‐90‐90 target by 2020 in sub‐Saharan Africa? A mathematical modelling study
Janne Estill, Kimberly Marsh, Christine Autenrieth, Nathan Ford
Pages: 1223-1230
First Published: 29 August 2018

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Review article  Abstract only
Influenza vaccination coverage of population and the factors influencing influenza vaccination in mainland China: A meta-analysis
Qiang Wang, Na Yue, Mengyun Zheng, Donglei Wang, … Hui Jin
Pages 7262-7269

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Research article  Open access
Recommendations to control pertussis prioritized relative to economies: A Global Pertussis Initiative update
Kevin D. Forsyth, Tina Tan, Carl-Heinz Wirsing von König, Ulrich Heininger, … Stanley Plotkin
Pages 7270-7275

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Research article  Open access
Understanding the unique characteristics of seasonal influenza illness to improve vaccine uptake in the US
Rafik Bekkat-Berkani, Luis Romano-Mazzotti
Pages 7276-7285

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Research article  Open access
A framework for research on vaccine effectiveness
Natasha S. Crowcroft, Nicola P. Klein
Pages 7286-7293

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Review article  Abstract only
Childhood full and under-vaccination in Nigeria, 2013
Zoe A. McGavin, Abram L. Wagner, Bradley F. Carlson, Laura E. Power, … Matthew L. Boulton
Pages 7294-7299

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Review article  Abstract only
Communicating and enhancing teachers’ attitudes and understanding of influenza using refutational text
Ashley R. Vaughn, Marcus L. Johnson
Pages 7306-7315

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Review article  Abstract only
Recent vaccine mandates in the United States, Europe and Australia: A comparative study
Katie Attwell, Mark C. Navin, Pier Luigi Lopalco, Christine Jestin, … Saad B. Omer
Pages 7377-7384

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Research article  Open access
Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the Philippines: Effect on health care provider and infant caregiver attitudes and practices
Anna Lena Lopez, Jennifer B. Harris, Peter Francis Raguindin, Josephine Aldaba, … Lee M. Hampton
Pages 7399-7407

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 48   Pages 7257-7438 (19 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/48

Research article  Open access
Vaccines, inspiring innovation in health
Sonia Pagliusi, Maureen Dennehy, Hun Kim, DCVMN AGM Organizing Committee
Pages 7430-7437
 

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
(E-pub Abstract Ahead of Print)
DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666181105130000
Dengue fever: a worldwide threat An overview of the infection process, environmental factors for global outbreak, diagnostic platforms, and vaccine developments.
S Hosseini, J Oliva-Ramírez, P Vázquez-Villegas…
Abstract:
Current review article focuses on Dengue, which is one of the most fatal infectious illnesses and is considered to be a worldwide threat. The paper covers essential topics including an overview on neglected tropical diseases with specific emphasis on Dengue fever, mosquito’s cycle of life and mechanism of infection, adaptive response, and different stages in Dengue immunopathogenesis. The current work is also dedicated to the thorough study of Dengue outbreak across the globe with narrowed study to tropical and subtropical regions. Moreover, this review article demonstrates the correlation between the climate factors and Dengue incidence. Furthermore, we present an overview on the detection strategies of Dengue including the latest developments in commercial and non-commercial platforms. Several attempts in developing effective vaccine to protect individuals from Dengue infection and the stage of clinical trails are gathered in the present work as well. Future directions including bio-control are also discussed in this review article. In an overall view, effective management of Dengue is a multidisciplinary task that requires international involvement from different backgrounds and expertise to address this global concern. This review article briefly portrays some of these connecting areas across the disciplines while many other perspectives remain uncovered.

Vaccine
Volume 36, Issue 49  Pages 7439-7588 (26 November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/36/issue/49

Short communication
Conflicts of interest and the (in)dependence of experts advising government on immunization policies
Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Louise Ringuette, Anne-Isabelle Cloutier, Victoria Doudenkova, Bryn Williams-Jones
Pages 7439-7444
Highlights
:: Immunization experts’ financial conflicts of interest (COI) may affect public trust.
:: (In)DepScale was developed for assessing experts’ level of (in)dependence.
:: Ad hoc experts have lower levels of independence than statutory members.
:: Most COIs are reported with companies with the highest vaccine sales.
:: (In)DepScale may help immunization committees to manage COIs.
Abstract
There has been increasing attention to financial conflicts of interest (COI) in public health research and policy making, with concerns that some decisions are not in the public interest. One notable problematic area is expert advisory committee (EAC). While COI management has focused on disclosure, it could go further and assess experts’ degree of (in)dependence with commercial interests. We analyzed COI disclosures of members of Québec’s immunization EAC (in Canada) using (In)DepScale, a tool we developed for assessing experts’ level of (in)dependence. We found great variability of independence with industry and that companies with the highest vaccine sales were predominantly associated with disclosed COIs. We argue that EACs can use the (In)DepScale to better assess and disclose the COIs that affect their experts. Going forward our scale could help manage risk and select members who are less conflicted to foster a culture of transparency and trust in advisors and policy-makers.

Media/Policy Watch

This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.

We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

 
The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018  
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
Uganda vaccinates at-risk health workers as Ebola spreads in Congo
Country becomes first to administer vaccine without active outbreak of the deadly disease, in bid to protect 2000 medics close to DRC border.
 
 
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018

Asia Pacific
Afghanistan Is the World’s Polio Capital. These Afghans Hope to Fix That.
These Afghans Are Trying to Fix That.
10 Novembewr 2018

Africa
U.S. Concerned About Ebola Outbreak in Congo Conflict Zone – Official
8 November 2018
 
UN Vows to Tackle Congo Rebels, Contain Ebola
By The Associated Press
| 7 November 2018

Asia Pacific
Muslim Concern About Vaccine Fuels Thai Measles Outbreak
Health authorities in Thailand are racing to contain a measles outbreak in the country’s southern provinces, where 14 deaths and more than 1,500 cases have been reported since September.
6 November 2018
 
 
Wall Street Journal
http://online.wsj.com/home-page?_wsjregion=na,us&_homepage=/home/us
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al
 
Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development  
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 10 Nov 2018
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: PerspectivesGlobal Task Force on Cholera Control marks a year of progress toward ending cholera worldwide

GENEVA/ NEW YORK, 30 October 2018 – This month, partners of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) mark one year since the launch of Ending Cholera: A Global Roadmap to 2030, which targets a 90% reduction in cholera deaths by 2030 and the elimination of cholera in at least 20 countries out of the 47 currently affected.

At the 4 October 2017 launch of the Global Roadmap in Annecy, France, 35 global health and WASH organizations leading the fight against cholera signed the Declaration on Ending Cholera, committing their financial and human resources in support of its implementation in countries.

One year later, the movement to end cholera has made exceptional progress. At least 10 countries are now taking active measures towards cholera control plans in alignment with the Global Roadmap: Bangladesh, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Sudan, Uganda, Zambia, the United Republic of Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. In addition, 47 African countries adopted the Regional Framework for the Implementation of the Global Strategy for Cholera Prevention and Control on 28 August at the 68th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Africa.

In May 2018, at the 71st World Health Assembly (WHA), WHO Member States took the extraordinary step of passing a resolution—introduced by the Governments of Zambia and Haiti—committing to implementation of the Global Roadmap, calling for the resources and policy changes necessary to meet the goal.

In line with the Global Roadmap, the Africa Regional Framework and the WHA resolution commit countries to implement evidence-based measures including:

:: mapping of cholera hotspots
:: significant investment in safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)
:: use of oral cholera vaccine
:: enhanced epidemiological and laboratory surveillance
:: improving access to timely treatment
:: promoting community engagement.

Cholera-affected countries demonstrate strong leadership and determination to stop cholera outbreaks

Examples include:

:: The end of the longest cholera outbreak in South Sudan in February 2018 shows it is possible to stop persistent cholera outbreaks in endemic settings, achieving high vaccine coverage even in the context of conflict and instability. The outbreak, which started in June 2016, resulted in 20,000 cases and 436 deaths. South Sudan conducted 38 vaccination campaigns, using a flexible data-driven approach to allocate 2.8 million doses to people living in hotspots as conditions made it possible to reach them.

:: Yemen, the location of the world’s most severe cholera outbreak, saw its first use of Oral Cholera Vaccine in 2018 – a critical step in fighting cholera there. Nearly 700,000 people have already been vaccinated and, another 1.4 million people are expected to receive vaccines in the coming weeks.  However, widespread malnutrition, and destruction of water and sanitation infrastructure will require additional efforts to bring cholera under control in Yemen.

Cholera-affected countries plan a future without cholera by developing multi-sectoral cholera control plans .

:: The Government of Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous part of the United Republic of Tanzania, is ready to the Zanzibar Comprehensive Cholera Elimination Plan (ZACCEP), a costed multi-sectoral cholera elimination plan in alignment with the Global Roadmap, which aims to end cholera by 2027.

The Government of Bangladesh revised its National Program on Diarrheal Diseases Prevention, Management & Control to align it with the Global Roadmap, working with national WASH partners to collectively implement a plan to target elimination by 2030. Introduction of a phased large scale OCV campaign is planned to start in 2019. Professor Abul Kalam Azad, Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, noted that cholera has no place in a country like Bangladesh, which is striving toward middle-income status: “Bangladesh has made huge strides in health outcomes in recent years. It is now time to commit the resources to ensure cholera will no longer be a threat to the people of Bangladesh.”

The Government of Zambia is launching a national multi-sectoral plan, aligned with the Global Roadmap strategy, targeting elimination of cholera by 2025. The response to the October 2017 outbreak triggered strong political engagement. Honorable Chitalu Chilufya, Minister of Health, observed “the government of Zambia has provided exemplary leadership in halting last year’s outbreak, bringing together a well-resourced, multi-sectoral response. With this strong political will and a sound national plan, I am confident that Zambia will be free from cholera by 2025.”

Unprecedented use of Oral Cholera Vaccine in 2018, including the largest cholera vaccination drive in history

As countries voted to pass the WHA resolution, five countries were already preparing for the largest cholera vaccination drive in history. The oral cholera vaccines were sourced from the global stockpile, funded by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, for five major campaigns in Zambia, Uganda, Malawi, South Sudan and Nigeria. The campaign protected over two million people from the threat of cholera. UNICEF procured 15.2 million doses to 12 countries to date, on top of nearly 10 million doses delivered in 2017. This compares to just 200,000 doses delivered in 2013, when the stockpile was created. OCV is just one tool in a much larger toolbox that includes sustainable safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), but it serves as a critical bridge to these longer-term efforts.

An energized GTFCC partnership supports countries in the fight to #EndCholera

GTFCC partners are taking action on their commitment from October 2017, by aligning their programs with the Global Roadmap and by increasing resources to concretely support cholera control efforts. In partnership with WHO, UNICEF brings strong leadership to the GTFCC working group on Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH). In 2018, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) launched the One WASH program, an integrated approach that will support more than 20 cholera-affected countries. Projects are already in start-up phase in Uganda, Ghana, Malawi and Rwanda with an initial commitment of US$2.5 million. The Wellcome Trust and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) issued a call for proposals to support the cholera research agenda. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is providing technical experts in-country upon request, which is a critical allocation of human and other resources in the fight against cholera.

Milestones :: Perspectives

Ministers agree on international action to address antimicrobial resistance in animals and to safeguard medicines for humans and animals alike

Marrakesh, 31 October 2018 –  The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) hosted this week global leaders in animal health from the private and public sectors and civil society to discuss new ideas and solutions to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The three-day event was placed under the high patronage of his majesty Mohammed VI, King of Morocco. Entitled the 2nd Global Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance and Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals, it focussed on the role played by animal health in what is one of the 21st century’s starkest global health challenges.

Prevention of AMR in farming is critical to human health, as well as to food safety, food security, animal health and animal welfare. Antimicrobials are used around the world to control and treat infections in animals and humans, but their overuse and misuse puts their efficacy at risk. Unprecedented movements of people, animals, goods and food worldwide, enable resistant pathogens to populate the planet with ease.

The conference was attended by more than 500 participants, including representatives of OIE’s 182 Member Countries, of international partners (such as FAO, WHO, World Bank, and the United Nations Interagency Coordination Group on AMR), as well as representatives from the meat, dairy, poultry, egg, aquaculture and pharmaceutical industries, civil society and academia.

A prominent theme of the discussions was the need for cross-sector, national level coordination through national action plans to prevent the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Conference speakers included Ministers, Deputy Ministers and State Secretaries from countries across the world, including Morocco, Germany, Senegal, Thailand, Japan, Norway, Botswana, Serbia, and Uzbekistan.

“It is only by promoting the responsible and prudent use of antimicrobials that their efficacy can be safeguarded, ensuring that essential medicines that protect both human and animal health can continue to be used.” said Dr Monique Eloit, Director General of OIE. “We have made important progress in this mission today. International Standards on prudent use already exist. We now need to put them into practice at national level to tackle AMR. For this, international collaboration is essential. By working together, countries can discuss challenges, share best practice and make global improvements.”

Milestones :: Perspectives

Ebola – Democratic Republic of the Congo

13: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu 
30 October 2018
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in North Kivu and Ituri provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo continues to be closely monitored by the Ministry of Health (MoH), WHO and partners.  Of concern is the increased incidence of confirmed cases reported in the past four weeks, most notably in the city of Beni and communities around Butembo. Security remains the biggest challenge faced by the response teams in Beni and Butembo, undermining the response activities. Continued security incidents severely impact both civilians and frontline workers, forcing suspension of EVD response activities and increasing the risk that the virus will continue to spread. Moreover, with heightened transmission of the virus in outbreak affected areas, the risk of exportation of cases to neighbouring provinces and countries is increased. Neighbouring countries need to be ready in case the outbreak spreads beyond the Democratic Republic of the Congo….

DONs Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
1 November 2018
[Excerpts]
…Vaccination: As of 31 October, 154 vaccination rings have been defined, in addition to 37 rings of health and frontline worker. To date, 25 298 eligible and consented people have been vaccinated, including 8916 health and frontline workers and 6578 children. Overall, vaccination teams have reached an additional 3345 eligible and consenting people in the past week.
…Partners
To support the MoH, WHO is working intensively with a wide range of multisectoral and multidisciplinary regional and global partners and stakeholders for EVD response, research and urgent preparedness, including in neighbouring countries. Among the partners are a number of UN agencies and international organizations including: European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation (ECHO); International Organization for Migration (IOM); UK Public Health Rapid Support Team; United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); UN High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR); World Bank and regional development banks; World Food Programme (WFP) and UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS); UN mission and UN Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS); Inter-Agency Standing Commission; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA); and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); Africa Centres for Disease Control; US CDC; UK Department for International Development (DFID); United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Adeco Federación (ADECO); Association des femmes pour la nutrition à assisse communautaire (AFNAC); Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA); CARITAS DRC; CARE International; Centre de promotion socio-sanitaire (CEPROSSAN); Cooperazione Internationale (COOPE); Catholic Organization for Relief and Development Aid (CORDAID/PAP-DRC); International Medical Corps; International Rescue Committee (IRC); Intersos – Organizzatione Umanitaria par l’Emergenza (INTERSOS); MEDAIR; Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF); Oxfam International; Red Cross of the Democratic Republic of Congo, with the support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Samaritan’s Purse; Save the Children (SCI); Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), Emerging and Dangerous Pathogens Laboratory Network (EDPLN), Emerging Disease Clinical Assessment and Response Network (EDCARN), technical networks and operational partners, and the Emergency Medical Team Initiative (EMT). GOARN partners continue to support the response through deployment for response and readiness activities in non-affected provinces and in neighbouring countries and to different levels of WHO.

Milestones :: Perspectives

Adopting Resolution 2439 (2018), Security Council Condemns Attacks by Armed Groups in Democratic Republic of Congo Jeopardizing Response to Ebola Outbreak
30 October 2018
SC/13559
The Security Council today adopted a resolution condemning attacks by armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and their role in exacerbating the country’s ongoing Ebola outbreak, while demanding full, safe, immediate and unhindered access for the humanitarian and medical personnel working to save lives and prevent the virus from spreading across the region.

::::::

:: Uganda Finalizes Plans to Vaccinate Front-line Health Workers against Ebola  03 November 2018

:: Zambia heightens its capacity for preventing and responding to the threat of an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease  02 November 2018

:: WHO enhances Ebola Rapid Response Readiness Capacities in South Sudan  01 November 2018

:: WHO and the Ministry of Health Train Members of the Armed Forces on Ebola Case Management [Uganda]  29 October 2018

Emergencies
 
 
POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 30 October 2018 [GPEI]
:: World Polio Day activities garnered global attention. Partners, donors, and popular public figures around the world brought attention to the cause of polio and the efforts to eradicate polio. A quick overview of some of the World Polio Day highlights
:: The Every Last Child project series was launched by UNICEF, which covers over 30 wide-ranging profiles of governments, front-line workers, and the stakeholders involved in the collective polio eradication efforts across Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
:: Featured on polioeradication.org: Coffee with Polio Experts – Dr Arlene King, Chair of the RCC for the Americas, and GCC Containment Working Group talks to WHO about the importance of safe and secure containment of polioviruses, in places where needed, and the accompanying risk and responsibility that come with retaining the pathogen.
 
 
Afghanistan – Three new cases of wild poliovirus (WPV1) and four WPV1 positive environmental samples.

Democratic Republic of Congo – one new case of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2).

Pakistan – No new case of wild poliovirus (WPV1) and seven WPV1 positive environmental samples

Nigeria – two new cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2).

Somalia – four new cVDPV2 positive environmental samples. See country sections below for more details.

::::::
::::::

Editor’s Note:

WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: 13: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu  30 October 2018
:: DONs Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo  1 November 2018
[See Milestones above for more detail]
 
 
Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis
:: Weekly Situation Report 48 – 25 October 2018
[Excerpt]
…WHO immunization team is planning to start passive surveillance activity of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP), Vaccine Preventable diseases m(VPDs), Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFIs) for early notification and in compliance with the

Ministry of Health (MoH) surveillance program….

 
Nigeria – No new announcements identified
Somalia – No new announcements identified
South Sudan – No new announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new announcements identified
Yemen – No new announcements identified

::::::

 
WHO Grade 2 Emergencies  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
Myanmar
:: Weekly Situation Report 48 – 25 October 2018 [see above]

Brazil (in Portugese) – No new announcements identified
Cameroon  – No new announcements identified
Central African Republic  – No new announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new announcements identified
Hurricane Irma and Maria in the Caribbean – No new announcements identified
Iraq – No new announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new announcements identified
Libya – No new announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new announcements identified
Niger – No new announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new announcements identified
Sudan – No new announcements identified
Ukraine – No new announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new announcements identified

Outbreaks and Emergencies Bulletin, Week 43: 20 – 26 October 2018
The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 55 events in the region. This week’s edition covers key ongoing events, including:
:: Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Cholera in Cameroon
:: Dengue in Senegal
:: Hepatitis E in Central African Republic.

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
Afghanistan
Angola (in Portuguese)
Chad
Ethiopia
Kenya

Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Mali
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Tanzania
Tropical Cyclone Gira
Zambia
 
::::::
 
UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic   – No new announcements identified.
Yemen – No new announcements identified.

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.

Ethiopia 
:: Ethiopia Humanitarian Bulletin Issue 66 | 15-28 October 2018
 
Somalia  – No new announcements identified.
 
::::::
 
“Other Emergencies”
Indonesia: Central Sulawesi Earthquake
:: Central Sulawesi Earthquake & Tsunami: Humanitarian Country Team Situation Report #6 (as of 30 October 2018)

::::::
::::::

Editor’s Note:

We will cluster these recent emergencies as below and continue to monitor the WHO webpages for updates and key developments.

EBOLA/EVD  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.who.int/ebola/en/
[See Milestones above for more detail]

MERS-CoV [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
– No new announcements identified.
 
Yellow Fever  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/
– No new announcements identified.
 
Zika virus  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
– No new announcements identified.

::::::
::::::
 
WHO & Regional Offices [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
News Release
29 October 2018
More than 90% of the world’s children breathe toxic air every day

::::::
 
Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2 November 2018, vol. 93, 44 (pp. 589–604)
:: Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2017
:: Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January-September 2018

::::::
 
WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
Selected Featured News
:: Uganda Finalizes Plans to Vaccinate Front-line Health Workers against Ebola  03 November 2018
:: Zambia heightens its capacity for preventing and responding to the threat of an outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease
02 November 2018
:: WHO enhances Ebola Rapid Response Readiness Capacities in South Sudan  01 November 2018
:: WHO and the Ministry of Health Train Members of the Armed Forces on Ebola Case Management [Uganda]  29 October 2018

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: ‘Health is a right of the people and a responsibility of government,’ says PAHO Director (10/29/2018)

 
WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
– No new announcement identified
 
WHO European Region EURO
:: Simulated poliovirus containment breach helps countries increase biorisk safety and security 01-11-2018
:: Revitalizing primary health care for the 21st century 01-11-2018

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
– No new announcement identified

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: 31 October 2018 – Singapore wipes out measles; Australia, Brunei Darussalam and Macao SAR (China) eliminate rubella
:: 30 October 2018  – Joint News Release  Regional Conference towards the Implementation of INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence against Children

CDC/ACIP [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html

MMWR News Synopsis for November 2, 2018
Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis and for Preexposure Prophylaxis for International Travel
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices updated its recommendations on the use of hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine for postexposure prophylaxis and the use of HepA vaccine in infants prior to international travel. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with HepA vaccine or immune globulin (IG) prevents hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) if given within two weeks of exposure. In February 2018, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved an update of recommendations for use of HepA vaccine for PEP in healthy persons 12 months and older. In addition to HepA vaccine, IG may be administered to persons over 40 years of age, depending on the provider’s risk assessment. HepA vaccine efficacy and safety in infants and the benefits of protection against HAV before international travel were also reviewed. ACIP recommended that HepA vaccine be administered to infants aged 6–11 months traveling outside the United States when protection against HAV is recommended. The updated recommendations specify new guidance for administering PEP for people over 40, and infants for international travel.

::::::

Africa CDC   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://au.int/en/africacdc
No new digest content identified.

China CDC 
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhfpc.gov.cn/
Selected Updates/Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

Announcements
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
1 November 2018
EDCTP and Wellcome Trust organise session at ASTMH 2018
EDCTP and the Wellcome Trust organised a session on controlled Human Infection Studies in low- and middle-income countries as a contribution to the ASTMH 2018 programme. The symposium (session 169) takes place on 1 November from 08:00-09:45.
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.
 
 
FDA [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
November 01, 2018 –
Jeffrey Shuren, M.D., J.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health and Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research on agency’s warning to consumers about genetic tests that claim to predict patients’ responses to specific medications
 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
Case Management working group / Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC)
November 5 – 6, 2018 – Les Pensieres Center for Global Health, Veyrier-du-Lac (France)
 
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
Dengue pre-vaccination screening based on serostatus: rapid tests and implementation strategies
January 14 – 16, 2019 – Les Pensières Center for Global Helath, Veyrier du Lac (France)
 
 
Gavi [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.gavi.org/
31 October 2018
200,000 girls in Senegal to be protected this year against cervical cancer
… The vaccines, funded by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and the Government of Senegal, will reach close to 200,000 nine-year-old girls across the country this year and a further 900,000 girls aged 11-14 years next year. UNICEF, WHO and partners will work on implementation alongside the Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and the Ministry of National Education….
 
 
30 October 2018
Hundreds of thousands of children set to be protected against the leading cause of pneumonia in Haiti
Port-au-Prince, 30 October 2018 – The government of Haiti formally introduced yesterday pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into its routine immunisation programme, which will protect hundreds of thousands of Haitian children against pneumococcal disease, the leading cause of pneumonia… With this introduction, as many as 270,000 Haitian children will routinely receive PCV every year – along with pentavalent and rotavirus vaccines which Haiti introduced with support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance in 2012 and 2014.
 
 
GHIT Fund   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Global Fund  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
Voices
What’s new about the New Nets Project?
31 October 2018
The Global Fund and Unitaid are each investing US$33 million from 2018 to 2022 to introduce new insecticide-treated nets to fight malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
 
 
Hilleman Laboratories   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Event
Towards a Universal Influenza Vaccine: Lessons from the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 to Now
November 15-16, 2018 I Nashville, TN
The Human Vaccines Project is hosting a scientific summit featuring prominent researchers and thought leaders to discuss cutting-edge influenza research. The 2-day meeting will bring together leading scientists, clinicians and public health specialists including: John Barry, James E. Crowe, Jr., Senator Bill Frist, and Laurie Garrett.  Find a full agenda at:
www.humanvaccinesproject.org/talks/universalinfluenzavaccinesummit

November 01, 2018
Human Vaccines Project Launches New Study to Decode Immune Responses to Influenza
 
 
IAVI  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVAC  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
October 2018
Commentary: Pneumonia, Diarrhea, and Measles force Bangladeshi households to make difficult financial decisions when illnesses arise
Few diseases have as much power to cause wide-ranging impact among the population as pneumonia, diarrhea, and measles. These three illnesses can cause long-term disability and can require a significant amount of care. In addition to the pain and the risk of death or disability, people experiencing these illnesses face economic consequences now rising like out-of-pocket expenditures.
 
 
IVI   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.ivi.int/
01/11/2018
The GTFCC Marks a Year of Progress Toward Ending Cholera Worldwide
 [See Milestones above for more detail]
 
 
JEE Alliance  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.msf.org/
Central African Republic
More than 10,000 seek refuge in Batangafo hospital
2 Nov 2018
Refugees, IDPs and people on the move
“Leaving the country to seek asylum is often the only option for survival”
29 Oct 2018
 
 
NIH  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PATH  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNAIDS [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.unaids.org/en
2 November 2018
Civil society cooperation network for the Americas and the Caribbean launched
2 November 2018
New data dashboard launched in the Asia and the Pacific region
1 November 2018
New commitment to primary health care
31 October 2018
HIVR4P 2018 highlights new possibilities for HIV prevention
30 October 2018
Training the next generation of Russian doctors on HIV-related stigma and discrimination
29 October 2018
Global HIV prevention targets at risk
 
 
UNICEF  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Press release
In Mexico, children traveling with migrant caravan still in need of protection and support – UNICEF
01/11/2018
Press release
More than 80,000 children returned from Angola to DR Congo in urgent need of humanitarian assistance – UNICEF
30/10/2018
Press release
Global Task Force on Cholera Control marks a year of progress toward ending cholera worldwide
01/11/2018

[See Milestones above for more detail]
 
 
Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Wellcome Trust  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
31 October 2018
How to make sense of the brain’s billions of neurons
A unique global collaboration has produced a new technology that will transform the way we study the brain. Neuropixels allow simultaneous recordings from many hundreds of neurons over multiple brain regions.
 
 
The Wistar Institute   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2018/
31/10/18
Ministers agree on international action to address antimicrobial resistance in animals and to safeguard medicines for humans and animals alike

[See Milestones above for more detail]

::::::
 
BIO    [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.
 
 
DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
29 October 2018 to 31 October 2018
19th DCVMN Annual General Meeting
Kunming / China
 
 
IFPMA   [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Published on: 29 October 2018
The R&D biopharmaceutical industry supports the Astana Declaration and renewed political commitment towards the importance of primary health care
26 October 2018, Astana – The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA), the body accredited by the United Nations (UN) to represent the R&D biopharmaceutical industry attended Astana at the Global Conference on Primary Health Care on 25-26 October, co-hosted by the Government of Kazakhstan, WHO and UNICEF. R&D biopharmaceutical industry announced its support for the Astana Declaration and welcomed the renewed political commitment towards the importance of primary health care.  The industry body used the occasion to present a number of initiatives that are being pioneered to improve access to treatments and systems that ensure access at the primary care level.

Thomas Cueni, Director General, IFPMA delivered the following message at the Global Conference on Primary Health Care: “The research-based biopharmaceutical industry acknowledges that it needs to do more and do better to bring the fruits of its innovation to all, regardless of economic circumstances. Our industry is much more than a supplier of medicines and vaccines and is pioneering ways to overcome the multiple barriers to access to quality healthcare. Developing more collaborations at the primary health care level will enable healthcare companies to deliver products and services more efficiently and can accelerate progress towards reaching Universal Health Coverage”…
 
 
PhRMA    [to 3 Nov 2018 ]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.

Reports/Research/Analysis/Commentary/Conferences/Meetings/Book Watch/Tenders

Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review has expanded its coverage of new reports, books, research and analysis published independent of the journal channel covered in Journal Watch below. Our interests span immunization and vaccines, as well as global public health, health governance, and associated themes. If you would like to suggest content to be included in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

No new digest content identified.

Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Infection Control
November 2018 Volume 46, Issue 11, p1201-1318
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

Major Articles
Influenza vaccine coverage and predictive factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake among pediatric patients
Celeste L.Y. Ewig, Ka Ming Tang, Ting Fan Leung, Joyce H.S. You
p1278–1283
Published online: May 23, 2018
 

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 96, Number 11, November 2018, 729-796
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/96/11/en/

POLICY & PRACTICE
Increasing transparency and accountability in national pharmaceutical systems
– Anne Paschke, Deirdre Dimancesco, Taryn Vian, Jillian C Kohler & Gilles Forte
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.17.206516
Abstract
Access to safe, effective, good-quality medicines can be compromised by poor pharmaceutical system governance. This system is particularly vulnerable to inefficiencies and to losses from corruption, because it involves a complex mix of actors with diverse responsibilities. A high level of transparency and accountability is critical for minimizing opportunities for fraud and leakage. In the past decade, the Good Governance for Medicines programme and the Medicines Transparency Alliance focused on improving accountability in the pharmaceutical system and on reducing its vulnerability to corruption by increasing transparency and encouraging participation by a range of stakeholders. Experience with these two programmes revealed that stakeholders interpreted transparency and accountability in a range of different ways. Moreover, programme implementation and progress assessments were complicated by a lack of clarity about what information should be disclosed by governments and about how greater transparency can strengthen accountability for access to medicines. This article provides a conceptual understanding of how transparency can facilitate accountability for better access to medicines. We identified three categories of information as prerequisites for accountability: (i) standards and commitments; (ii) decisions and results; and (iii) consequences and responsive actions. Examples are provided for each. Conceptual clarity and practical examples of the information needed to ensure accountability can help policy-makers identify the actions required to increase transparency and accountability in their pharmaceutical systems. We also discuss factors that can hinder or facilitate the use of information to hold to account those responsible for improving access to medicines.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 96, Number 11, November 2018, 729-796
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/96/11/en/

PERSPECTIVES
Recognizing noncommunicable diseases as a global health security threat
– Amrita Saha & George Alleyne
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.17.205732

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Review
Best practices in scaling digital health in low and middle income countries
Healthcare challenges in low and middle income countries (LMICs) have been the focus of many digital initiatives that have aimed to improve both access to healthcare and the quality of healthcare delivery.
Authors: Alain B. Labrique, Christina Wadhwani, Koku Awoonor Williams, Peter Lamptey, Cees Hesp, Rowena Luk and Ann Aerts
Citation: Globalization and Health 2018 14:103
Published on: 3 November 2018

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Review
Expanding global access to essential medicines: investment priorities for sustainably strengthening medical product regulatory systems
Access to quality-assured medical products improves health and save lives. However, one third of the world’s population lacks timely access to quality-assured medicines while estimates indicate that at least 1…
Authors: Lukas Roth, Daniel Bempong, Joseph B. Babigumira, Shabir Banoo, Emer Cooke, David Jeffreys, Lombe Kasonde, Hubert G. M. Leufkens, John C. W. Lim, Murray Lumpkin, Gugu Mahlangu, Rosanna W. Peeling, Helen Rees, Margareth Ndomondo-Sigonda, Andy Stergachis, Mike Ward…
Citation: Globalization and Health 2018 14:102
Published on: 1 November 2018

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 73,  October 2018
https://odihpn.org/magazine/mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-in-humanitarian-crises/

Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: the humanitarian response

More than 700,000 Rohingya refugees have arrived in Bangladesh since 25 August 2017 fleeing violence and persecution in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Over a million are sheltering in overcrowded camps without adequate assistance or protection. Stateless in Myanmar and denied refugee status in Bangladesh, the Rohingya have few rights or freedoms. Monsoons and cyclones are causing landslides, destroying shelters and infrastructure and disrupting services.

This edition of Humanitarian Exchange focuses on the humanitarian response to the Rohingya crisis. In the lead article, Mark Bowden outlines the historical, local and national political context in Bangladesh, and its operational implications. Amal de Chickera highlights the links between statelessness and displacement, and the international community’s failure to prioritise human rights in its dealings both with Bangladesh and with Myanmar. Puttanee Kangkun and John Quinley document the persistent persecution and denial of rights the Rohingya have faced for decades. Jeff Crisp reflects on the premature, involuntary and unsafe return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar in the 1970s and 1990s, and asks whether this could happen again.

Sally Shevach and colleagues explore how the ‘localisation’ agenda has influenced the operational response, and Kerrie Holloway draws on research by the Humanitarian Policy Group to test the common assumption that local actors necessarily have a better understanding of people’s needs. Nasif Rashad Khan and colleagues and Ashish Banik reflect on their experiences of engaging with the international humanitarian response system. Margie Buchanan-Smith and Marian Casey-Maslen discuss evaluation findings relating to communication and community engagement, a theme taken up by Nick Van Praag and Kai Hopkins, who report on a Ground Truth survey on refugees’ perceptions of assistance. Julia Brothwell discusses the British Red Cross/Bangladesh Red Crescent involvement in disaster preparedness and risk reduction during the monsoon season, and Gina Bark, Kate White and Amelie Janon outline the consequences of long-term exclusion from basic healthcare services in increasing vulnerability to preventable diseases. Matthew Wencel and colleagues round off the issue with reflections on data collection coordination and other challenges associated with monitoring large concentrations of refugees.

Journal of Adolescent Health
November 2018 Volume 63, Issue 5, p519-662
https://www.jahonline.org/issue/S1054-139X(17)X0026-8

Adolescent Health Briefs
Reasons for Lack of HPV Vaccine Initiation in NIS-Teen Over Time: Shifting the Focus From Gender and Sexuality to Necessity and Safety
Anna Beavis, Melinda Krakow, Kimberly Levinson, Anne F. Rositch
p652–656
Published in issue: November 2018

Journal of Community Health
Volume 43, Issue 6, December 2018
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/43/6/page/1

Original Paper
Assessing and Improving Zoster Vaccine Uptake in a Homeless Population
Laura Kaplan-Weisman, Eve Waltermaurer, Casey Crump

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
Volume 5, Issue 4 (2018)
https://digitalrepository.aurorahealthcare.org/jpcrr/

Patient Self-Management
Enhancing Immunization Rates at Aurora Family Medicine Clinics in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Zeeshan A. Yacoob, Christopher Cook, Jessica J.F. Kram, Marianne Klumph, Dennis J. Baumgardner, Marisa Stanley, Paul Hunter, and Fabiana Kotovicz

Nature 
Volume 563 Issue 7729, 1 November 2018
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

Editorial | 30 October 2018
Brazil’s new president adds to global threat to science
The election of Jair Bolsonaro is bad for research and the environment.

Pediatrics
November 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 5
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5?current-issue=y

Articles
Experiences With Medical Exemptions After a Change in Vaccine Exemption Policy in California
Salini Mohanty, Alison M. Buttenheim, Caroline M. Joyce, Amanda C. Howa, Daniel Salmon, Saad B. Omer
Pediatrics Nov 2018, 142 (5) e20181051; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1051
On the basis of semistructured interviews with health officers and immunization staff, we described their experiences with SB277, which eliminated nonmedical vaccine exemptions in California.

Pediatrics
November 2018, VOLUME 142 / ISSUE 5
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5?current-issue=y

Vaccination and Risk of Childhood IgA Vasculitis
Maryam Piram, Solange Gonzalez Chiappe, Fouad Madhi, Tim Ulinski, Alfred Mahr
Pediatrics Nov 2018, 142 (5) e20180841; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-0841
In this study, we discuss the risk of developing pediatric IgAV (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) in the 3 months after vaccinations.
 

PLoS Currents: Outbreaks
http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Estimation of Pneumonic Plague Transmission in Madagascar, August–November 2017
November 1, 2018 · Discussion
Introduction: Between August and November 2017, Madagascar reported nearly 2500 cases of plague; the vast majority of these cases were pneumonic, resulting in early exponential growth due to person-to-person transmission. Though plague is endemic in Madagascar, cases are usually bubonic and thus result in considerably smaller annual caseloads than those observed from August–November 2017.
Methods: In this study, we consider the transmission dynamics of pneumonic plague in Madagascar during this time period, as well as the role of control strategies that were deployed to curb the outbreak and their effectiveness.
Results: When using data from the beginning of the outbreak through late November 2017, our estimates for the basic reproduction number range from 1.6 to 3.6, with a mean of 2.4. We also find two distinctive periods of “control”, which coincide with critical on-the-ground interventions, including contact tracing and delivery of antibiotics, among others.
Discussion: Given these results, we conclude that existing interventions remain effective against plague in Madagascar, despite the atypical size and spread of this particular outbreak.

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 3 Nov 2018 )

Editorial
Health systems thinking: A new generation of research to improve healthcare quality
Hannah H. Leslie, Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Tanya Marchant, Svetlana V. Doubova, Oye Gureje, Margaret E. Kruk
| published 30 Oct 2018 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002682

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Research Article
Reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial and its translation to actual participation among healthy adults—Experience from Kenya
Delvin Kwamboka Nyasani, Gaudensia Nzembi Mutua, Rose Miroyo Sajabi, Jane Wairimu Ng’ang’a, John Ndungu Gachie, Amos Macharia Maina, Laura Lunani Lusike, Aggrey Omu Anzala, Matthew A. Price, Gloria Omosa Manyonyi

| published 02 Nov 2018 PLOS ONE

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Research Article
Reported willingness to participate in a hypothetical HIV vaccine trial and its translation to actual participation among healthy adults—Experience from Kenya
Delvin Kwamboka Nyasani, Gaudensia Nzembi Mutua, Rose Miroyo Sajabi, Jane Wairimu Ng’ang’a, John Ndungu Gachie, Amos Macharia Maina, Laura Lunani Lusike, Aggrey Omu Anzala, Matthew A. Price, Gloria Omosa Manyonyi

| published 02 Nov 2018 PLOS ONE

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Factors affecting complete and timely childhood immunization coverage in Sindh, Pakistan; A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data
Jin-Won Noh, Young-mi Kim, Nabeel Akram, Ki-Bong Yoo, Jumin Park, Jooyoung Cheon, Young Dae Kwon, Jelle Stekelenburg
Research Article | published 31 Oct 2018 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206766

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Factors influencing the routine immunization status of children aged 2-3 years in China
Lei Cao, Jing-Shan Zheng, Ling-Sheng Cao, Jian Cui, Meng-Juan Duan, Qi-You Xiao
Research Article | published 31 Oct 2018 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206566

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Nov 2018 ]

Integrating emergency risk communication (ERC) into the public health system response: Systematic review of literature to aid formulation of the 2017 WHO Guideline for ERC policy and practice
Ayan Jha, Leesa Lin, Sarah Massin Short, Giorgia Argentini, Gaya Gamhewage, Elena Savoia
Research Article | published 31 Oct 2018 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205555

Prehospital & Disaster Medicine
Volume 33 – Issue 5 – October 2018
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/prehospital-and-disaster-medicine/latest-issue

Comprehensive Review
Emergency Department Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Events: A Systematic Review
Saydia Razak, Sue Hignett, Jo Barnes
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X18000900
Published online: 31 October 2018, pp. 543-549

Preventive Medicine
Volume 116  Pages 1-226 (November 2018)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/preventive-medicine/vol/116/suppl/C

Research article  Abstract only
Florida physicians’ reported use of AFIX-based strategies for human papillomavirus vaccination
Monica L. Kasting, Shannon M. Christy, Steven K. Sutton, Paige Lake, … Susan T. Vadaparampil
Pages 143-149