Monthly Archives: February 2019

Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Venezuela as a Regional Public Health Threat in the Americas

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Featured Journal Content

Emerging Infectious Diseases
17 Apr 2019, 25(4)] Original Publication Date: 1/30/2019
Prespective

Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in Venezuela as a Regional Public Health Threat in the Americas
Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi , Adriana Tami, Maria E. Grillet, Marilianna Márquez, Juan Hernández-Villena, María A. Escalona-Rodríguez, Gabriela M. Blohm, Isis Mejías, Huníades Urbina-Medina, Alejandro Rísquez, Julio Castro, Ana Carvajal, Carlos Walter, María G. López, Philipp Schwabl, Luis Hernández-Castro, Michael A. Miles, Peter J. Hotez, John Lednicky, J. Glenn Morris, James Crainey, Sergio Luz, Juan D. Ramírez, Emilia Sordillo, Martin Llewellyn, Merari Canache, María Araque, and José Oletta
Abstract
Venezuela’s tumbling economy and authoritarian rule have precipitated an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. Hyperinflation rates now exceed 45,000%, and Venezuela’s health system is in free fall. The country is experiencing a massive exodus of biomedical scientists and qualified healthcare professionals. Reemergence of arthropod-borne and vaccine-preventable diseases has sparked serious epidemics that also affect neighboring countries. In this article, we discuss the ongoing epidemics of measles and diphtheria in Venezuela and their disproportionate impact on indigenous populations. We also discuss the potential for reemergence of poliomyelitis and conclude that action to halt the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases within Venezuela is a matter of urgency for the country and the region. We further provide specific recommendations for addressing this crisis.

[Excerpt]
Recommendations
According to the evaluation approach recommended by WHO, the risk level of the ongoing outbreaks in Venezuela is high. A correspondingly strong response is needed to curtail the expanse of these epidemics. We propose the following measures.
:: Global and hemispheric health authorities should urge the Venezuela government to allow the establishment of a humanitarian channel to provide immediate relief efforts addressing extreme food and medicine shortages.

:: Epidemiologic surveillance programs, early reporting, and rapid response systems should be restored immediately. Strengthening of infection control practices in healthcare facilities should be implemented with the aid of international agencies while ensuring public health neutrality.

:: Emergency relief operations should be put into effect across borders along with authorities in Colombia and Brazil to ameliorate the effects of massive migration by implementation of early nutritional and immunization interventions.

:: International agencies should support regional efforts in neighboring countries to promote simultaneous massive vaccination campaigns and vaccination of all refugees from Venezuela arriving in host community populations.

:: Adequate supplies for mass vaccination and routine immunization should be ensured, and additional adjunct supplies (e.g., diphtheria antitoxin) should be stockpiled to assist in the establishment of standard treatment protocols and epidemic rapid response measures. These methods are crucial for healthcare delivery and mass vaccination catch-up campaigns to head off the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in Venezuela.

:: In areas with low vaccination coverage, improving surveillance for early case detection and increasing vaccination coverage in high-risk age groups should be mandatory. Furthermore, Venezuela is in urgent need to reconstruct its devastated healthcare system, secure sustainable food and medication access, and reinstall proper sanitation policies to reduce the burden of diseases.

On September 27, 2018, the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted a resolution on Venezuela signaling the gravity of the human rights situation and the growing concern by governments worldwide about the country’s humanitarian crisis, including aspects such as malnutrition and the upsurge of preventable diseases (50). PAHO–WHO faces an enormous challenge in attending, without interference, to the complex emergency that affects Venezuela. Emergency funds must be released to acquire medicines, vaccines, laboratory reagents, and other supplies for health programs. As Venezuela rapidly becomes a regional nidus for the emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases, it must take decisive action now alongside regional and national partners to target this emerging regional crisis.

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The role of National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups in evidence-informed decision-making

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The role of National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups in evidence-informed decision-making – Enablers, constraints and future support options
ODI  Research reports and studies | February 2019 :: 48 pages
Anne Buffardi and Susan Njambi-Szlapka
PDF: https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/12599.pdf
 
Executive Summary [Excerpt]
National Immunisation Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) are multidisciplinary groups of national experts who provide independent advice to policy-makers on issues related to immunisation and vaccines, based on evidence and the national context. The Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) 2011–2020 and 2017 World Health Assembly resolution call on governments to establish and strengthen these advisory bodies, acknowledging their pivotal role in decision-making and in achieving national health goals. Although the number of NITAGs doubled between 2010 and 2016, accelerated progress is needed in order to meet the goal of a functional NITAG in all countries by 2020.
 
This report presents the findings of a scoping exercise initiated by the Wellcome Trust and the World Health Organization to determine how different types of NITAGs could be supported in the coming years. It is written for organisations who are familiar with and considering supporting the next phase of NITAGs’ development, NITAG members, and national and global stakeholders with whom NITAGs engage…
 
…Donors, the WHO and the Global NITAG Network (GNN) will continue to play important roles in supporting core NITAG functions and the expansion and embedding of NITAGs’ role in evidence-informed decision-making processes. To jointly move this work forward, three interdependent actions are most pressing:
:: Donors need to define their roles and more actively coordinate among themselves.
:: Donors also need to be more explicit in communicating what they can fund and how NITAGs can access these resources.
:: The WHO and the GNN need to clarify the ‘ask’ to donors and develop an investment case with defined national, regional and global support activities.

 

 

Emergencies

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Emergencies 

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 6 February 2019
:: The 144th Session of the Executive Board concluded on 1 February with a renewed support from the public health leadership for a final push to end polio. Read more about polio eradication efforts and the report by the EB on polio eradication here.
:: The Global Surveillance Action Plan 2018-2020 is now online. The GPSAP aims to support endemic, outbreak, and high-risk countries in evaluating and increasing the sensitivity of their surveillance systems. 

Summary of new viruses this week:
:: Afghanistan – Afghanistan- one case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1);
:: Pakistan – one case of WPV1 and six WPV1-positive environmental samples;
:: Niger – one case of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV2). five WPV1 positive environmental samples.

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Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies  [to 9 Feb 2019]
Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo   7 February 2019
…During the last 21 days (16 January – 5 February 2019), 119 new cases have been reported from 13 health zones (Figure 2), including: Katwa (75), Butembo (9), Beni (8), Kyondo (5), Kayna (5), Oicha (4), Manguredjipa (4), Biena (2), Kalunguta (2), Mabalako (2), Masereka (1), Mutwanga (1), and Vuhovi (1)2. Current epidemiological analyses points to nosocomial transmission due to poor infection prevention and control (IPC) practices, persistent delays in detection and isolation of new cases, frequent community deaths (and subsequent contact with deceased), and transmission within family and community networks, as the main drivers of ongoing disease transmission. Insecurity and pockets of community resistance have continuously stifled efforts to combat these risks; nevertheless, response teams remain committed to actively strengthening community trust and participation in all affected areas, and are beginning to observe tangible improvements in Katwa and elsewhere….

:: 27: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu  5 February 2019

…Case management
On 24 November 2018, the MoH announced the launch of a randomized control trial for Ebola therapeutics. This is ongoing, with all confirmed cases in ETCs receiving therapy under the compassionate use protocol, together with supportive care.
As of 3 February 2018, 194 patients were admitted to Ebola transit and treatment centres. Among nine treatment ETCs and transit centres (TC), two have bed occupancy of more than 100% (Katwa ETC and Beni TC).
Patient sorting in Beni hospital and Beni ETC is being supervised; community re-integration of two cured cases is ongoing in Kirumba and Kanyabayonga.
…Implementation of ring vaccination protocol
As of 3 February 2019, a cumulative total of 73,309 people have been vaccinated since the start of the outbreak.
The Immunization Commission is being supported in their efforts to persuade contacts to be vaccinated in Kivika, Kambuli and Mukuna in Katwa health zone.

Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis – No new digest announcements identified  
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified  
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified  
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified  
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

 
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WHO Grade 2 Emergencies  [to 9 Feb 2019]
Brazil (in Portugese)
:: Sarampo na Europa: número recorde de pessoas doentes e imunizadas  7 de fevereiro de 2019

Libya
:: WHO warns of increasing attacks on health facilities in Libya
5 February 2019 – The World Health Organization (WHO) warns of increasing attacks on health facilities and workers in both frequency and scale. WHO has documented more than 41 attacks targeting health workers and facilities throughout 2018–2019 across the country. These attacks resulted in 6 health workers and patients killed and 25 health workers injured. An additional seven health workers were also assaulted during this period…

Cameroon  – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic  – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Hurricane Irma and Maria in the Caribbean – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory  – No new digest announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 1 Emergencies  [to 9 Feb 2019]
Afghanistan
Chad
Indonesia – Sulawesi earthquake 2018
Kenya
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Mali
Namibia – viral hepatitis
Peru
Philippines – Tyhpoon Mangkhut
Tanzania
 
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WHO AFRO Outbreaks – Week 05: 26 January – 01 February 2019
The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 60 events in the region. This week’s edition covers key new and ongoing events, including:
:: Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Lassa fever in Nigeria
:: Cholera in Burundi
:: Humanitarian crisis in Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia.

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UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Yemen
:: Yemen: Hajjah Governorate – Flash Update 2 | 28 January-3 Feb …
Syrian Arab Republic   – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
Ethiopia 
:: Ethiopia Humanitarian Bulletin Issue #2 | 21 January-03 Febr …

Somalia 
:: Humanitarian Bulletin Somalia, 1 January – 5 February 2019 …
 
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Editor’s Note:
We will cluster these recent emergencies as below and continue to monitor the WHO webpages for updates and key developments.
 
 
EBOLA/EVD  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/ebola/en/
:: 27: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu  5 February 2019
:: Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo   7 February 2019
 
 
MERS-CoV [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.
 
 
Yellow Fever  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.
 
 
Zika virus  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
– No new digest announcements identified.

 

WHO & Regional Offices [to 9 Feb 2019]

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WHO & Regional Offices [to 9 Feb 2019]

8 February 2019 | News release
WHO supports five countries to fight lassa fever outbreaks

6 February 2019 | Story
House by house, telling girls and families the dangers of female circumcision in Kenya

4 February 2019 | News release
Gaza patients’ painful journey to cancer treatment

 
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Weekly Epidemiological Record, 8 February 2019, vol. 94, 06 (pp. 65–80)
:: Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 and outbreak response in Papua New Guinea, 2018
:: Proceedings of the 2018 annual meeting of partners to Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE), Dakar, Senegal
:: Monthly report on dracunculiasis cases, January- December 2018

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WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: WHO supports five countries to fight lassa fever outbreaks  08 February 2019
Ebola – Rwanda completes the revision of its National Contingency Plan  06 February 2019
South Sudan strengthens the country’s capacity to detect, investigate and respond seasonal and pandemic Influenza  04 February 2019

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: Costa Rican Minister of Heath outlines priority areas for collaboration in visit to PAHO headquarters (02/05/2019)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
– No new digest announcements identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: Measles in Europe: record number of both sick and immunized 07-02-2019
:: Social science training enhances community engagement in health emergencies in 11 countries of the European Region 06-02-2019
:: Keep antibiotics working – limit their use this flu season 05-02-2019
:: What you need to know about digital health systems 05-02-2019

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Gaza patients’ painful journey to cancer treatment  4 February 2019
:: Cancer patients face ‘death sentence’ in Yemen  4 February 2019

WHO Western Pacific Region
– No new digest announcements identified.
 

CDC/ACIP [to 9 Feb 2019]

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CDC/ACIP [to 9 Feb 2019]

http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html

Latest News
CDC Media Statement from Dr. Redfield on Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America
Wednesday, February 6, 2019
“I’m excited that CDC is part of this unprecedented opportunity to end the HIV epidemic in America. The Administration’s plan will deploy the people and key prevention and treatment strategies needed to reduce new HIV infections by 75 percent over the next 5 years, with the hope of a 90 percent reduction within 10 years.

We have the tools to end new HIV infections in this Nation, but they must be applied now. The most recent data suggest that progress in reducing new infections has plateaued, and many communities remain vulnerable to HIV infection. Under this proposed initiative, we will focus on four key strategies to meet the needs of communities with the highest HIV burden: diagnose new HIV infections; treat those with infection rapidly and effectively; protect people from being infected through access to comprehensive prevention and treatment, including medications that can prevent infection; and respond quickly to and stop new outbreaks. To accomplish this, we will accelerate our work with state and local health departments. We will establish HIV elimination teams—for ‘boots-on-the-ground’ support—to ensure communities with the greatest burden make progress. We will listen to people living with HIV, and to public health partners in the most-affected communities, so we reach those in greatest need.

CDC is proud to have been part of the fight to prevent HIV from the very beginning, and we are honored to continue to work with our HHS colleagues on this important initiative. I thank the President and Secretary Azar for their visionary leadership in seizing this opportunity. The time to end the HIV epidemic is now. I have always believed in seeing the possible. Embracing the possible, we will do it together.”
–Robert R. Redfield, MD, Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

MMWR News Synopsis for February 08, 2019
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2019
The child/adolescent and adult immunization schedules help health care professionals identify which vaccines their patients need, when they need them, and how many doses of each vaccine they need based on age, health conditions, and other factors. The design of the 2019 Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule has been updated. Content updates include new or revised ACIP recommendations for hepatitis A vaccine (HepA); hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B); influenza vaccine; tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap); and clarification of recommendations for inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV).

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2019
The child and adolescent and adult immunization schedules help health care professionals identify which vaccines their patients need; when they need them; and how many doses of each vaccine they need based on age, health conditions, and other factors. Each year, CDC and partner organizations publish an updated schedule of immunizations recommended for every child, adolescent, and adult in the U.S. The design of the 2019 schedule has been updated. Updates to the 2019 Adult Immunization Schedule include new or revised Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for influenza, hepatitis B, and hepatitis A vaccinations.

Announcements

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Announcements
 
 
Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group    [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.alleninstitute.org/news-press/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
02.06.2019  |
CARB-X funds Recida Therapeutics to develop a new class of antibiotics to treat deadly infections caused by Gram-negative superbugs
Recida’s new LpxC inhibitor is a potential treatment for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
 
 
02.04.2019  |
CARB-X funds Polyphor to develop a new class of antibiotics to treat serious infections caused by Gram-negative ESKAPE superbugs
CARB-X, a Boston University global partnership, is awarding Polyphor (SIX: POLN) of Allschwil, Switzerland, up to $2.6 million in non-dilutive funding with the possibility of $3.0 million more if certain project milestones are met, to develop a novel antibiotic with a novel mode of action to treat serious infections caused by Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
Latest news
No new digest content identified.
 
 
FDA [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
February 07, 2019 –
FDA takes new steps to adopt more modern technologies for improving the security of the drug supply chain through innovations that improve tracking and tracing of medicines
… As part of these efforts, today, the agency is launching a new pilot project in which participants representing the drug supply chain (e.g., manufacturers, repackagers and other stakeholders) can pilot the use of innovative and emerging approaches for enhanced tracing and verification of prescription drugs in the U.S. to ensure suspect and illegitimate products do not enter the supply chain…
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Partner event
4th Meeting of the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) – WASH Working Group
February 12 – 13, 2019 – Les Pensières Center for Global Health, Veyrier du Lac (France)
 
Gavi [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
GHIT Fund   [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.
 
Global Fund  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News
Global Partners Commit to Step Up the Fight Against AIDS, TB and Malaria
08 February 2019
At the kick-off meeting of the Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment, leaders, global health organizations, civil society groups and people affected by the diseases vowed collective action to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria and accelerate progress toward universal health coverage….
 
News
Significant Progress Achieved Against TB in High-Burden Asian Countries
07 February 2019
NEW DELHI – Preliminary results from a joint initiative to find and treat additional 1.5 million “missing” tuberculosis patients by the end of 2019 show solid progress, with Asia driving the success. Six countries in Asia with the highest burdens of TB in the world have found an additional 450,000 cases of TB in the past year alone, and more than 840,000 additional patients compared with 2015.
Half of the additional TB cases found last year through the initiative, which is supported by the Global Fund, World Health Organization and the Stop TB Partnership, were in India alone…
 
Hilleman Laboratories   [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
February 02, 2019
New European Foundation for the Human Vaccines Project
To expand our global reach, we have established a new nonprofit foundation in The Netherlands: Human Vaccines Project Europe. We are seeking to develop a European network of researchers and research institutions to bolster our global effort to decode the human immune system. This European foundation will support the global objective through outreach, advocacy, and resource mobilization.
Frans van den Boom is Director of the European foundation, and Nadia Rozendaal is Senior Advisor.
 
IAVI  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
IVAC  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
February 2019
Dr. Naor Bar-Zeev appointed as the new deputy director of IVAC
The International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) is pleased to announce that Naor Bar-Zeev, MBBS(Hons), MPH, MBiostat, PhD, has been appointed as the new deputy director of IVAC. Naor joined the IVAC team in 2017 as an Associate Professor in the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
 
IVI   [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.
 
JEE Alliance  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
Mali – A Multi-sectoral and Multi-stakeholder Cooperation Success Story
8.2.2019  Article
Disease outbreaks continue to occur in Mali and the ongoing security crisis highlights the importance of a comprehensive national framework for health security…
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports [as presented on website]
Access to medicines
TB activists challenge patent in India, in bid to prevent J&J from exte…
Press Release 8 Feb 2019
 
Democratic Republic of Congo
Ten thousand people living in desperate conditions in northeas…
Project Update 7 Feb 2019
 
Refugees, IDPs and people on the move
Nine countries and 7,000km; Asad’s journey from Somalia to Europe
Voices from the Field 6 Feb 2019
 
France
Migrants trapped in relentless cycle of rejection on French-Spa…
Project Update 6 Feb 2019
 
Yemen
Unacceptable investigation findings into Abs health centre b…
Press Release 6 Feb 2019

Rohingya refugee crisis
The 5 things we’ve found after one million consultations in Cox’s …
Project Update 5 Feb 2019
 
NIH  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
February 8, 2019
Acyclovir labeling now includes details for treating premature infants infected with herpes virus
— NIH-funded study provides information on drug’s dosing and use in newborns.
 
Mega docking library poised to speed drug discovery
February 6, 2019 — One billion-plus compounds – weeded of “decoys” – expected by 2020.
 
PATH  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.
 
UNAIDS [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
8 February 2019
Global Fund presents its Sixth Investment Case in New Delhi
 
7 February 2019
United Kingdom pledges to end HIV transmission in the country within 10 years
 
6 February 2019
Reducing harm for women who inject drugs in Myanmar
 
4 February 2019
It’s time to make cervical cancer history
 
UNICEF  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Statement
Two children killed in the Gaza Strip
Statement attributable to Geert Cappelaere, UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa
09/02/2019
 
Press release
Over 160,000 displaced children protected from harsh winter in Iraq
06/02/2019
 
Press release
Only one third of children covered by social protection: ILO, UNICEF
A new report by UNICEF and the ILO highlights the critical need to extend social protection to all children
06/02/2019
 
Statement
Take action to eliminate female genital mutilation by 2030
Joint statement by Henrietta Fore, UNICEF Executive Director, Dr. Natalia Kanem, UNFPA Executive Director, and Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, UN Women Executive Director
05/02/2019
 
Press release
Safer Internet Day: UNICEF calls for concerted action to prevent bullying and harassment for the over 70 per cent of young people online worldwide
Thirty years after the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the creation of the World Wide Web, it’s time for renewed focus on children’s digital rights
04/02/2019
 
 
Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Posted on 20 Jan, 2019
WHO announces Top Ten Threats to Global Health in 2019
In its 2019 new year message, WHO has named vaccine hesitancy as one of the world’s top 10 global health threats, alongside air pollution and climate change, noncommunicable diseases, global influenza pandemic, fragile and vulnerable settings, antimicrobial resistance,  Ebola and other high-threat…
 
Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.
 
Wellcome Trust  [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Wellcome Trust | 8 February 2019
Jeremy Farrar reflects on his trip to the Ebola outbreak in the DRC
 
News | 4 February 2019
New funding to boost global research capacity in humanities and social science
We’re launching two new calls to fund international exchange networks and infrastructure costs for humanities and social science researchers around the world.
 
The Wistar Institute   [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Release    Feb. 7, 2019
Engineered DNA Vaccine Protects Against Emerging Mayaro Virus Infection
New vaccine induces robust and specific immune responses and provides complete protection from disease in preclinical studies.
 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2018/
No new digest content identified.
 
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BIO    [to 9 Feb 2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
Feb 7 2019
BIO Encouraged by Improved U.S. Ranking in Global Index of Patent System Strength
But New Legislative Proposals Endanger Progress
 
 
DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFPMA   [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PhRMA    [to 9 Feb 2019]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
February 8, 2019     Press Release
PhRMA Decries Damaging Foreign Practices in Special 301 Filing
WASHINGTON, D.C. (February 8, 2019) – The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) today urged the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to take immediate action to address serious and growing market access and intellectual property barriers in top overseas markets.
In its submission for USTR’s annual Special 301 Report, PhRMA called on the Trump administration to name Canada, Japan, Korea and Malaysia as “Priority Foreign Countries” – a designation reserved for countries with the worst market access barriers and the most damaging intellectual property practices.
“When foreign countries impose trade barriers and fail to value new inventions, they threaten U.S. manufacturing and jobs,” said PhRMA Senior Vice President for International Advocacy Brian Toohey. “Damaging price controls in Canada, Japan, Korea and many other countries are jeopardizing American exports and limiting access to new medicines.”…

Journal Watch

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Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

Combatting the Increasing Threat of Vector-Borne Disease in the United States with a National Vector-Borne Disease Prevention and Control System

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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 100, Issue 2, 2019
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/14761645/100/2

Combatting the Increasing Threat of Vector-Borne Disease in the United States with a National Vector-Borne Disease Prevention and Control System
Lyle R. Petersen, Charles B. Beard and Susanna N. Visser
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0841

A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919

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BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Review
A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919
In the spring of 1918, the “War to End All Wars”, which would ultimately claim more than 37 million lives, had entered into its final year and would change the global political and economic landscape forever. …
Authors: Michaela E. Nickol and Jason Kindrachuk
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:117
Published on: 6 February 2019

The impact of childhood varicella vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster in the general population: modelling the effect of exogenous and endogenous varicella-zoster virus immunity boosting

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BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Research article
The impact of childhood varicella vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster in the general population: modelling the effect of exogenous and endogenous varicella-zoster virus immunity boosting
A controversy exists about the potential effect of childhood varicella vaccination on Herpes Zoster (HZ) incidence. Mathematical models projected temporary HZ incidence increase after vaccine introduction that…
Authors: Christophe Sauboin, Katsiaryna Holl, Paolo Bonanni, Anne A. Gershon, Bernd Benninghoff, Stephane Carryn, Margaret A. Burgess and Peter Wutzler
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:126
Published on: 6 February 2019

 

Heterogeneities in dengue spatial-temporal transmission in Brazilian cities and its influence on the optimal age of vaccination

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Research article
Heterogeneities in dengue spatial-temporal transmission in Brazilian cities and its influence on the optimal age of vaccination
The development of a safe and effective vaccine is considered crucial for dengue transmission control since vetor control has been failed; some potential candidates are currently in test, and in this context t…
Authors: Luciana L. Cardim, Suani T. R. Pinho, M. Gloria Teixeira, M. Conceição N. Costa, M. Lourdes Esteva and Claudia P. Ferreira
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:155
Published on: 6 February 2019

Promoting vaccination in the province of Québec: the PromoVaQ randomized controlled trial protocol

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Study protocol
Promoting vaccination in the province of Québec: the PromoVaQ randomized controlled trial protocol
Vaccination has a huge public health impact. Maintaining vaccine coverage is key to avoid the devastating consequences of resurgence. In the Province of Québec, vaccine coverage in young children are sub-optim…
Authors: Arnaud Gagneur, Caroline Quach, François D. Boucher, Bruce Tapiero, Philippe De Wals, Anne Farrands, Thomas Lemaitre, Nicole Boulianne, Chantal Sauvageau, Manale Ouakki, Virginie Gosselin, Dominique Gagnon, Geneviève Petit, Marie-Claude Jacques and Ève Dubé
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:160
Published on: 6 February 2019

New Challenges and Unresolved Issues

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Ethics & Human Research
Volume 41, Issue 1  January-February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/25782363

New Challenges and Unresolved Issues
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research (E&HR) marks an exciting milestone in The Hastings Centers’ 40‐year history of publishing a journal that focuses on the ethical, regulatory, and policy issues related to research with humans. Like its predecessor, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, E&HR will publish conceptual and empirical analyses on a wide range of topics related to the human research enterprise.
The journal’s name change conveys to the global community of authors and readers that E&HR is not solely about issues related to institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States. The title shift provides an opportunity to identify new ethical, policy, and regulatory challenges that rapid developments in science, medicine, and regulatory frameworks bring to the conduct and oversight of human subjects research in the United States and elsewhere. Along with publishing work that investigates new challenges, E&HR aims not only to draw attention to unresolved issues but also to broaden the scope of issues for investigation and analysis in the field of human research ethics. The pieces in this inaugural issue identify several new challenges and hint at some of the unresolved issues and broader topics that merit further attention.

Health System Approaches Are Needed To Expand Telemedicine Use Across Nine Latin American Nations

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Health Affairs
Vol. 38 , No. 2  February 2019
https://www.healthaffairs.org/toc/hlthaff/current
Hospitals, Health IT & More

Research Article   Global Health Policy
Health System Approaches Are Needed To Expand Telemedicine Use Across Nine Latin American Nations
Cynthia M. LeRouge, Manjul Gupta, Guillaume Corpart, and Alejandro Arrieta

Impact Of The Priority Review Voucher Program On Drug Development For Rare Pediatric Diseases

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Health Affairs
Vol. 38 , No. 2  February 2019
https://www.healthaffairs.org/toc/hlthaff/current
Hospitals, Health IT & More

Research Article  Pharmaceuticals & Medical Technology
Impact Of The Priority Review Voucher Program On Drug Development For Rare Pediatric Diseases
Thomas J. Hwang, Florence T. Bourgeois, Jessica M. Franklin, and Aaron S. Kesselheim
 

 

Evidence map of knowledge translation strategies, outcomes, facilitators and barriers in African health systems

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Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 9 Feb 2019]

Review
Evidence map of knowledge translation strategies, outcomes, facilitators and barriers in African health systems
The need for research-based knowledge to inform health policy formulation and implementation is a chronic global concern impacting health systems functioning and impeding the provision of quality healthcare fo…
Authors: Amanda Edwards, Virginia Zweigenthal and Jill Olivier
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2019 17:16
Published on: 7 February 2019

Communication and community engagement in humanitarian response

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Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 74,  February 2019
https://odihpn.org/magazine/communication-community-engagement-humanitarian-response/

Communication and community engagement in humanitarian response
This edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Charles-Antoine Hofmann from the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), focuses on communication and community engagement. Despite promising progress, coherent and coordinated information is still not provided systematically to affected communities, and humanitarian responses take insufficient account of the views and feedback of affected people. In 2017, UNICEF, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and other partners came together under the auspices of the Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC) Network to establish the Communication and Community Engagement (CCE) initiative, which aims to organise a collective service for communications and community engagement. The articles in this edition take stock of efforts to implement this initiative.

Drawing on lessons from 23 Peer 2 Peer Support missions, Alice Chatelet and Meg Sattler look at what’s needed to integrate CCE into the humanitarian architecture. Viviane Lucia Fluck and Dustin Barter discuss the institutional and practical barriers to implementing community feedback mechanisms. Bronwyn Russel analyses the performance of the Nepal inter-agency common feedback project; Justus Olielo and Charles-Antoine Hofmann outline the challenges of establishing common services in Yemen; and Gil Francis Arevalo reports on community engagement in preparedness and response in the Philippines. Ian McClelland and Frances Hill discuss emerging findings from a strategic partnership in the Philippines between the Humanitarian Innovation Fund and the Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network.

Charlotte Lancaster describes how call centres in Afghanistan and Iraq are enhancing two-way communication with crisis-affected people. Mia Marzotto from Translators without Borders reflects on the importance of language and translation in communication and community engagement, and Ombretta Baggio and colleagues report on efforts to bring community perspectives into decision-making during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ayo Degett highlights emerging findings from a Danish Refugee Council project on participation in humanitarian settings, and Jeff Carmel and Nick van Praag report on the Listen Learn Act (LLA) project. Geneviève Cyvoct and Alexandra T. Warner write on an innovative common platform to track the views of affected people in Chad. The edition ends with an article by Stewart Davies on collective accountability in the response to the Central Sulawesi earthquake.

Modernizing Clinical Trials for Patients With Cancer

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JAMA
February 5, 2019, Vol 321, No. 5, Pages 423-520
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
Evolving Issues in Oncology
Modernizing Clinical Trials for Patients With Cancer
Norman E. Sharpless, MD; James H. Doroshow, MD
JAMA. 2019;321(5):447-448. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.18938
In this Viewpoint, directors at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) review reforms to the NCI clinical trials program, including use of historical controls and aggregating data from existing trials to improve trial efficiency, focusing on rare cancers that industry may overlook, enrolling patients based on molecular alterations instead of disease type, and establishing research facilities in underserved communities.

Acute Flaccid Myelitis—Keys to Diagnosis, Questions About Treatment, and Future Directions

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JAMA Pediatrics
February 2019, Vol 173, No. 2, Pages 115-204
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
Acute Flaccid Myelitis—Keys to Diagnosis, Questions About Treatment, and Future Directions
Sarah E. Hopkins, MD, MSPH; Matthew J. Elrick, MD, PhD; Kevin Messacar, MD
JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):117-118. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4896
This Viewpoint describes epidemiological and clinical attributes of acute flaccid myelitis and suggests approaches to diagnosis and research.

New York City Childcare Influenza Vaccine Mandate

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JAMA Pediatrics
February 2019, Vol 173, No. 2, Pages 115-204
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
New York City Childcare Influenza Vaccine Mandate

  1. Tony Yang, ScD, LLM, MPH; James Colgrove, PhD, MPH

JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):119-120. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4220
This Viewpoint analyzes the justification and legal issues for mandatory annual influenza vaccination among infants and children aged 6 months to 59 months in childcare and educational institutions in New York City.

Lessons From California’s Discipline of a Popular Physician for Vaccination Exemptions Without Medical Cause

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JAMA Pediatrics
February 2019, Vol 173, No. 2, Pages 115-204
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
Lessons From California’s Discipline of a Popular Physician for Vaccination Exemptions Without Medical Cause
Ross D. Silverman, JD, MPH; Y. Tony Yang, ScD, LLM, MPH
JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):121-122. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3835
This Viewpoint discusses the case of a California physician who received official sanctions for granting a vaccination exemption without medical cause.

 

 

 

Requiring Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for School Entry

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JAMA Pediatrics
February 2019, Vol 173, No. 2, Pages 115-204
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx
Viewpoint

Requiring Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for School Entry
Michelle J. Bayefsky, BA; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD
JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(2):123-124. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4283
This Viewpoint makes the case for mandating the human papillomavirus vaccination for children to enter school.

A programmatic approach to sustained evidence-based practice

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JBI Database of Systematic Review and Implementation Reports
February 2019 – Volume 17 – Issue 2
http://journals.lww.com/jbisrir/Pages/currenttoc.aspx

EDITORIAL
A programmatic approach to sustained evidence-based practice
Wright, Kylie
JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 17(2):126-128, February 2019.
There is worldwide consensus supporting evidence-based practice (EBP) as a key element in the delivery of high quality, safe care and improving patient outcomes. Across healthcare, results from research diffuse slowly into clinical practice, and there is a consistent need to bridge this gap between research and practice.1 There are many challenges involved in closing the research-practice gap, also known as the evidence-practice gap or knowing-doing gap,2-4 and identifying the actions needed to ensure “evidence transfer” and that the best available care and treatment actually reach the patient. Evidence transfer is defined as a process that helps communicate or convey the results of research or evidence, or brings evidence to the forefront so the appropriate information gets into the hands of those who deliver healthcare.5 Frontline clinical nurse consultant (CNC) leaders at Liverpool Hospital have identified evidence transfer as a challenge to address to make a positive difference to patient care…

7th Meeting of the COMET Initiative (VII), Thursday 15th and Friday 16th November 2018, De Rode Hoed, Amsterdam

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Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
Volume 12, Issue S1  Pages: 1-34  January 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17565391/current

7th Meeting of the COMET Initiative (VII), Thursday 15th and Friday 16th November 2018, De Rode Hoed, Amsterdam
On the 15th and 16th November 2018, the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative held its seventh international meeting. After success at COMET VI, the COMET meeting returned to De Rode Hoed (The Red Hat) in Amsterdam for their second consecutive meeting. One‐hundred and fifteen participants gathered from around the world, coming from five continents and 18 countries.

Are gender gaps due to evaluations of the applicant or the science? A natural experiment at a national funding agency

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The Lancet
Feb 09, 2019  Volume 393Number 10171p493-610, e6-e28
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Are gender gaps due to evaluations of the applicant or the science? A natural experiment at a national funding agency
Holly O Witteman, Michael Hendricks, Sharon Straus, Cara Tannenbaum

Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter?

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The Lancet
Feb 09, 2019  Volume 393Number 10171p493-610, e6-e28
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Review
Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter?
Geordan Shannon, Melanie Jansen, Kate Williams, Carlos Cáceres, Angelica Motta, Aloyce Odhiambo, Alie Eleveld, Jenevieve Mannell

More talk than action: gender and ethnic diversity in leading public health universities

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The Lancet
Feb 09, 2019  Volume 393Number 10171p493-610, e6-e28
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Health Policy
More talk than action: gender and ethnic diversity in leading public health universities
Mishal Sameer Khan, Fatim Lakha, Melisa Mei Jin Tan, Shweta Rajkumar Singh, Rina Yu Chin Quek, Emeline Han, See Mieng Tan, Victoria Haldane, Montserrat Gea-Sánchez, Helena Legido-Quigley

A framework for responsibility

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Nature Medicine
Volume 25 Issue 2, February 2019
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/1

Editorial | 06 February 2019
A framework for responsibility
As the world reckons with the news of the first use of genome editing in the human germline, researchers, clinicians, ethicists and policy makers must work across international boundaries to outline a transparent path forward for the responsible translation of this technology in the future.

Risk Compensation and Clinical Decision Making — The Case of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis

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New England Journal of Medicine
February 7, 2019   Vol. 380 No. 6
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Perspective
Risk Compensation and Clinical Decision Making — The Case of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis
Julia L. Marcus, Ph.D., M.P.H., Kenneth A. Katz, M.D., M.S.C.E., Douglas S. Krakower, M.D.,and Sarah K. Calabrese, Ph.D.
Uptake of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has been limited for multiple reasons, including low awareness. Clinicians’ concerns that an increased sense of protection will lead to greater risk taking among PrEP users are another important factor.

 

Strategies to increase adoption of animal vaccines by smallholder farmers with focus on neglected diseases and marginalized populations

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 9 Feb 2019)

Review
Strategies to increase adoption of animal vaccines by smallholder farmers with focus on neglected diseases and marginalized populations
Meritxell Donadeu, Nick Nwankpa, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Baptiste Dungu
| published 07 Feb 2019 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006989
Abstract
Background
Most smallholder farmers (SHFs) and marginalized populations (MPs) in Africa, Asia, and Latin America depend on livestock for their livelihoods. However, significant numbers of these animals do not achieve their potential, die due to disease, or transmit zoonotic diseases. Existing vaccines could prevent and control some of these diseases, but frequently the vaccines do not reach SHFs, especially MPs, making it necessary for specific vaccine adoption strategies.
Principal findings
Several strategies that have the potential to increase the adoption of animal vaccines by SHFs and MPs have been identified depending on the type of vaccines involved. The strategies differed depending on whether the vaccines were aimed at diseases that cause economic losses, government-controlled diseases, or neglected diseases. The adoption of vaccines for neglected diseases presents a major challenge, because they are mostly for zoonotic diseases that produce few or no clinical signs in the animals, making it more difficult for the farmers to appreciate the value of the vaccines.
Strategies can be aimed at increasing the availability of quality vaccines, so that they are produced in sufficient quantity, or aimed at increasing access and demand by SHFs and/or MPs. Some of the strategies to increase vaccine adoption might not provide a definite solution but might facilitate vaccine uptake by decreasing barriers. These strategies are varied and include technical considerations, policy components, involvement by the private sector (local and international), and innovation.
Conclusions
Several strategies with the potential to reduce livestock morbidity and mortality, or prevent zoonoses in SHFs communities and MPs through vaccination, require the involvement of donors and international organisations to stimulate and facilitate sustainable adoption. This is especially the case for neglected zoonotic diseases. Support for national and regional vaccine manufacturers is also required, especially for vaccines against diseases of interest only in the developing world and public goods.