China CDC 
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/

New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified. Link to National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China not responding at inquiry [2 Mar 2019]

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group    [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.alleninstitute.org/news-press/
No new digest content identified. 

BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
FEBRUARY 10, 2019
Remarks at the African Union
Bill Gates

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X   [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
02.25.2019  |
CARB-X expands its Global Accelerator Network to support the development of antibiotics, rapid diagnostics, vaccines and other life-saving products to combat drug-resistant superbugs
New accelerator network brings together knowhow and expertise of 10 leading life sciences organizations from around the world

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://cepi.net/
27 Feb 2019
CEPI awards US $34million contract to CureVac to advance The RNA Printer™—a mRNA vaccine platform that can rapidly combat multiple diseases
The partnering agreement will support the ongoing development of the innovative platform that can rapidly provide vaccine candidates that can target known and unknown pathogens, “Disease X.”

25 Feb 2019
CEPI awards contract worth up to US$ 31 million to The University of Tokyo to develop vaccine against Nipah virus
To produce a vaccine against Nipah virus, researchers at UTokyo have inserted Nipah virus genes into an attenuated measles viral vaccine.

EDCTP    [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
CHMP, 01/03/2019
News: Meeting highlights from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) 25-28 February 2019

European Vaccine Initiative  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
Latest news
EVI to co-lead new CEPI project with University of Tokyo to develop vaccine against Nipah virus
25 February 2019
CEPI awards contract worth up to US$ 31 million to develop vaccine against Nipah virus

FDA [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Event
10th Anniversary of the Center of Infectiology Lao Christophe Mérieux: a leading center for infectious disease diagnosis, research and training in Laos
February 21, 2019 – Vientiane (Laos)

Gavi [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
No new digest content identified.

GHIT Fund [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News
No new digest content identified.

Hilleman Laboratories [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IVAC  [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
February 2019
IVAC at 10: Assessing Access and Tackling Tough Challenges
2019 marks IVAC’s 10th year as a center in the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
 
 
IVI   [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
IVI BOT and SAG members at ‘Improving Global Health – A Symposium Honoring Dr. Adel Mahmoud’s Legacy’
Philadelphia on February 27, 2019
…The late Prof. Adel Mahmoud, former Professor of the Department of Molecular Biology and the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, passed away in June of last year after serving as Chairman of the IVI Board of Trustees, and making major contributions to global health throughout his career as a global pioneer in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.

JEE Alliance  [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports [as presented on website]
Niger
Over 8,000 people displaced by armed group on Mali border
Press Release 1 Mar 2019

Nauru
Nauru blocks new remote mental health service with telemedicine ban
Press Release 1 Mar 2019

Democratic Republic of Congo
Medical activities suspended after Ebola treatment centre attack
Statement 28 Feb 2019

DRC 2018 Ebola outbreaks
Crisis update – February 2019
Crisis Update 28 Feb 2019

DRC 2018 Ebola outbreaks
Second Ebola treatment centre in North Kivu attacked
Statement 28 Feb 2019

South Sudan
“It is very gratifying to see former child soldiers being integrated back into their …
Interview 26 Feb 2019

DRC 2018 Ebola outbreaks
North Kivu: Ebola centre inoperative after violent attack
Press Release 26 Feb 2019

Yemen
Humanitarian crisis in Yemen fuelled by main donor governments’ invol…
Statement 26 Feb 2019
 
 
NIH  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PATH  [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
February 7, 2019 by PATH
Praveen Raja named chief operating officer for PATH; Jeff Bernson to lead Technology, Analytics and Market Innovation
PATH has named Praveen Raja as its chief operating officer, and Jeff Bernson as vice president of the Technology, Analytics and Market Innovation division and chief data officer. Mr. Raja will continue to be based in the organization’s Seattle headquarters, while Mr. Bernson will be based in Nairobi, Kenya, until transitioning to Seattle in July 2019…
 
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Wednesday, February 27, 2019
The Sabin Vaccine Institute Celebrates the Reintroduction of the Flu Vaccine Act
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Yesterday, Senator Ed Markey (D-MA) and Representative Rosa DeLauro (CT-03) reintroduced the Flu Vaccine Act (S.2438/H.R.5092) — legislation that was originally introduced on Feb. 15, 2018.
 
 
UNAIDS [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
1 March 2019
How discriminatory Caribbean laws are being challenged in the courts

27 February 2019
Young people to campaign against stigma and discrimination in Egypt

26 February 2019
Young people change the narrative on HIV in South Africa

 26 February 2019
State of Gujarat establishes Transgender Welfare Board

 25 February 2019
The disproportionate impact of HIV on women in western and central Africa

 25 February 2019
Stigma makes HIV life-threatening
 
 
 UNICEF  [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Statement
Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore on the recent attacks against Ebola treatment centers in the DRC
28/02/2019

Press release
Alarming global surge of measles cases a growing threat to children – UNICEF
Ten countries accounted for approximately three-quarters of the total increase in measles in 2018, including significant outbreaks in Brazil, Madagascar, the Philippines, Ukraine, and Yemen
28/02/2019

Press release
School closures in the Sahel double in the last two years due to growing insecurity – UNICEF
Worsening violence across Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger disrupts education for more than 400,000 children
27/02/2019

Press release
18 months after exodus from Myanmar, Rohingya children at a crossroads
Young Rohingya refugees in urgent need of education and skills
27/02/2019

Press release
No place for a child – death and despair haunt children in Rukban
Amid dire living conditions, deaths of children under five years old are increasing at an alarming rate
27/02/2019

Statement
Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore on the high-level pledging conference for Yemen
26/02/2019

Statement
The brutal war on children in Yemen continues unabated
Statement attributable to UNICEF Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa, Geert Cappelaere
25/02/2019

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 2 Mar 2019]

http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust  [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 26 February 2019
How we’re approaching Wellcome’s science review
Jim Smith
Director, Wellcome Science Review
… Our review will also think more consciously about Wellcome’s role as a foundation in supporting science. We aren’t accountable to taxpayers, shareholders or donors in the same way as our partners in government and other funding agencies, so we have an obligation to use our independence as effectively as possible.
The review will ask what Wellcome-funded science is for and how it can best achieve our mission to improve health. Our formal objectives are to:
:: establish a clear aspiration and bold ambitions for Wellcome-funded science
:: identify what changes Wellcome needs to make to achieve these ambitions
::define realistic and appropriate ways to judge progress and success…

The Wistar Institute [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
No new digest content identified.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/
01/03/19
Enhancing veterinary paraprofessionals’ governance to safeguard livelihoods in rural areas

::::::

BIO [to 2 Mar 2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
No new digest content identified.

IFPMA [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.

PhRMA [to 2 Mar 2019]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.

Industry Watch [to 2 Mar 2019]
::

Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
March 2019 Volume 56, Issue 3, p335-476
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Vaccination Practices Among Obstetrician/Gynecologists for Non-pregnant Patients
Sean T. O’Leary, Laura E. Riley, Megan C. Lindley, Mandy A. Allison, Lori A. Crane, Laura P. Hurley, Brenda L. Beaty, Michaela Brtnikova, Margaret Collins, Alison P. Albert, Allison K. Fisher, Angela J. Jiles, Allison Kempe
p429–436
Published in issue: March 2019

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
March 2019 Volume 56, Issue 3, p335-476
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Research Articles
Vaccine Education, Reasons for Refusal, and Vaccination Behavior
Mark C. Navin, Jason Adam Wasserman, Miriam Ahmad, Shane Bies
p359–367
Published in issue: March 2019

American Journal of Public Health
March 2019  109(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

NATIONAL NETWORK
A National Network of Public Health and Faith-Based Organizations to Increase Influenza Prevention Among Hard-to-Reach Populations
Other Race/Ethnicity, Other Health Service Delivery, Immunization/Vaccines, Prevention, Public Health Practice, Race/Ethnicity, Community Health, Health Service Delivery
Mimi Kiser and Kay Lovelace
109(3), pp. 371–377
….The Influenza Initiative worked to extend vaccination education and services, and thus, the reach of public health organizations, to vulnerable, at-risk, hard to reach, and minority populations.¹⁰ IHP developed a small award process for selecting committed, well-prepared community collaboratives from the cohort of teams that participated in the Institute for Public Health and Faith Collaborations. Selection criteria included being a faith and public health collaborative trusted within the community, capacity and experience engaging in “ground-up” health promotion and disease prevention with populations experiencing health disparities, and commitment to the goals of the Influenza Initiative. Collaboratives applied, and 9 were selected to form the initial network. In the second year, an additional site was added (all 10 sites are shown in Table A, available as a supplement to the online version of this article at http://www.ajph.org). The national network focused on capacity building and reach to address barriers of income, legal, and historical mistrust,^11,12 culture and language, and geographic isolation…

American Journal of Public Health
March 2019  109(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

GLOBAL LEVEL
Positive and Negative Influences of Religion, Culture, and Tradition in Public Health
Global Health, HIV/AIDS, Infections, Social Science, Public Health Practice, Public Health Workers, Other Infections
William H. Foege
109(3), pp. 378–378
…The late Jaroslav Pelikan of Yale University said that great scholarship is dependent on how much a person knows outside his or her field.⁴ Great public health is dependent on how much we know outside the usual confines of public health. Yemi Ademola of Nigeria said in 1965 that no field of human activity was beyond the interest of public health professionals.⁵ The Blevins article makes the case.

American Journal of Public Health
March 2019  109(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

Faith and Global Health Practice in Ebola and HIV Emergencies
Global Health, HIV/AIDS, Social Science, Public Health Practice
John B. Blevins, Mohamed F. Jalloh and David A. Robinson
Abstract
We examined the relationship between religion and health by highlighting the influences of religion on the response to the 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak and the global HIV epidemic.
We recounted the influences of religion on burial practices developed as an infection control measure during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. We also explored the influence of religion on community outreach and health education. We examined faith-based responses to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, noting that religion conflicted with public health responses to HIV (e.g., justification for HIV-related stigma) or aligned with public health as a force for improved HIV responses (e.g., providing HIV services or providing social capital and cohesion to support advocacy efforts). We further discussed the similarities and differences between the influence of religion during the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the 2014 to 2016 Ebola outbreak.
We then described lessons learned from Ebola and HIV/AIDS to better inform collaboration with religious actors.

American Journal of Public Health
March 2019 109(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

BLACK CHURCH
We’ve Come This Far by Faith: The Role of the Black Church in Public Health
Health Education, Prevention, Public Health Practice, Race/Ethnicity, Community Health, Health Promotion, African Americans/Blacks
LaPrincess C. Brewer and David R. Williams
109(3), pp. 385–386

American Journal of Public Health
March 2019 109(3)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

ARBOVIRUS
Emerging and Reemerging Aedes-Transmitted Arbovirus Infections in the Region of the Americas: Implications for Health Policy
Global Health, Immunization/Vaccines, Infections, Public Health Practice, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Other Infections
Marcos A. Espinal, Jon K. Andrus, Barbara Jauregui, Stephen Hull Waterman, David Michael Morens, Jose Ignacio Santos, Olaf Horstick, Lorraine Ayana Francis and Daniel Olson
109(3), pp. 387–39
Abstract
The increasing geographical spread and disease incidence of arboviral infections are among the greatest public health concerns in the Americas. The region has observed an increasing trend in dengue incidence in the last decades, evolving from low to hyperendemicity. Yellow fever incidence has also intensified in this period, expanding from sylvatic-restricted activity to urban outbreaks. Chikungunya started spreading pandemically in 2005 at an unprecedented pace, reaching the Americas in 2013. The following year, Zika also emerged in the region with an explosive outbreak, carrying devastating congenital abnormalities and neurologic disorders and becoming one of the greatest global health crises in years.

The inadequate arbovirus surveillance in the region and the lack of serologic tests to differentiate among viruses poses substantial challenges. The evidence for vector control interventions remains weak. Clinical management remains the mainstay of arboviral disease control. Currently, only yellow fever and dengue vaccines are licensed in the Americas, with several candidate vaccines in clinical trials.

The Global Arbovirus Group of Experts provides in this article an overview of progress, challenges, and recommendations on arboviral prevention and control for countries of the Americas…

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Editorial
Complex health interventions in complex systems: improving the process and methods for evidence-informed health decisions (25 January, 2019)
Susan L Norris, Eva A Rehfuess, Helen Smith, Özge Tunçalp, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Nathan P Ford, Anayda Portela
…Purpose and scope of the series
In order to address the challenges and realities of public health and health system interventions and to better meet the needs of decision-makers, in 2016 WHO initiated a project to strengthen its processes and methods for developing guidelines on complex health interventions and interventions delivered in complex systems. The work led to this series of papers which contribute to the broader conceptualisation of complexity and the implications for evidence synthesis and guideline development, whether at the global, national or health systems level. Ultimately, this work is intended to lead to more comprehensive and informative evidence syntheses and trustworthy and impactful guidelines that meet critical health needs for countries and for varied contexts, and to stimulate rigorous primary research on a broad range of policy-relevant questions.

This work is intended for use by both systematic reviewers and guideline developers where a complexity perspective is anticipated to be useful to decision-makers, programme planners and implementers. It will also be used to strengthen the WHO guideline development process and form the basis of more practical support for WHO staff who develop guidelines. This series is of particular relevance to public health and health systems interventions, but is also likely to add value to those clinical/healthcare interventions characterised by complexity…

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Analysis papers
Implications of a complexity perspective for systematic reviews and guideline development in health decision making (25 January, 2019)
Mark Petticrew, Cécile Knai, James Thomas, Eva Annette Rehfuess, Jane Noyes, Ansgar Gerhardus, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Harry Rutter, Elizabeth McGill
 

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Taking account of context in systematic reviews and guidelines considering a complexity perspective (25 January, 2019)
Andrew Booth, Graham Moore, Kate Flemming, Ruth Garside, Nigel Rollins, Özge Tunçalp, Jane Noyes

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Formulating questions to explore complex interventions within qualitative evidence synthesis (25 January, 2019)
Andrew Booth, Jane Noyes, Kate Flemming, Graham Moore, Özge Tunçalp, Elham Shakibazadeh

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Qualitative evidence synthesis for complex interventions and guideline development: clarification of the purpose, designs and relevant methods (25 January, 2019)
Kate Flemming, Andrew Booth, Ruth Garside, Özge Tunçalp, Jane Noyes

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Synthesising quantitative evidence in systematic reviews of complex health interventions (25 January, 2019)
Julian P T Higgins, José A López-López, Betsy J Becker, Sarah R Davies, Sarah Dawson, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Luke A McGuinness, Theresa H M Moore, Eva A Rehfuess, James Thomas, Deborah M Caldwell

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Synthesising quantitative and qualitative evidence to inform guidelines on complex interventions: clarifying the purposes, designs and outlining some methods (25 January, 2019)
Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Graham Moore, Kate Flemming, Özge Tunçalp, Elham Shakibazadeh
Research papers

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

Considerations of complexity in rating certainty of evidence in systematic reviews: a primer on using the GRADE approach in global health (25 January, 2019)
Paul Montgomery, Ani Movsisyan, Sean P Grant, Geraldine Macdonald, Eva Annette Rehfuess

BMJ Global Health
January 2019 – Volume 4 – – Suppl 1
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/1
Complex health interventions in complex systems: concepts and methods for evidence-informed health decisions

The WHO-INTEGRATE evidence to decision framework version 1.0: integrating WHO norms and values and a complexity perspective (25 January, 2019)
Eva A Rehfuess, Jan M Stratil, Inger B Scheel, Anayda Portela, Susan L Norris, Rob Baltussen

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 2 Mar 2019)

Research article
Determinants of delayed or incomplete diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination in parallel urban and rural birth cohorts of 30,956 infants in Tanzania
Delayed vaccination increases the time infants are at risk for acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases. Factors associated with incomplete vaccination are relatively well characterized in resource-limited setti…
Authors: Pranay Nadella, Emily R. Smith, Alfa Muhihi, Ramadhani A. Noor, Honorati Masanja, Wafaie W. Fawzi and Christopher R. Sudfeld
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:188
Published on: 26 February 2019
 

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 2 Mar 2019)

Research article
Going beyond the individual: how state-level characteristics relate to HPV vaccine rates in the United States
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is an underutilized cancer control practice in the United States. Although individual contextual factors are known to impact HPV vaccine coverage rates, the impact of mac…
Authors: Melissa Franco, Stephanie Mazzucca, Margaret Padek and Ross C. Brownson
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:246
Published on: 28 February 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 2 Mar 2019)

Research article
Factors influencing basic vaccination coverage in Myanmar: secondary analysis of 2015 Myanmar demographic and health survey data
Immunization is one of the most effective measures for preventing disease when vaccination coverage is sufficient. Although vaccination coverage is known to be influenced by social and cultural barriers, the d…
Authors: Ikuma Nozaki, Masahiko Hachiya and Tomomi Kitamura
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:242
Published on: 28 February 2019
 

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 97, Number 3, March 2019, 169-244
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/3/en/

EDITORIALS
Governance for health: the HIV response and general global health
– Linda-Gail Bekker, Jirair Ratevosian, Julia Spencer, Peter Piot & Chris Beyrer
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.230417

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 97, Number 3, March 2019, 169-244
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/3/en/

PERSPECTIVES
Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: lessons from the HIV experience
– Seye Abimbola, Emma Thomas, Stephen Jan, Barbara McPake, Kremlin Wickramasinghe & Brian Oldenburg
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.216820

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 97, Number 3, March 2019, 169-244
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/97/3/en/

Connectivity of rapid-testing diagnostics and surveillance of infectious diseases
– Damien Ming, Timothy Rawson, Sorawat Sangkaew, Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano, Pantelis Georgiou & Alison Holmes
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.219691
The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the ASSURED criteria to describe the ideal characteristics for point-of-care testing in low-resource settings: affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable.1 These standards describe. Over the last decade, widespread adoption of point-of-care testing has led to significant changes in clinical decision-making processes. The development of compact molecular diagnostics, such as the GeneXpert® platform, have enabled short turnaround times and allowed profiling of antimicrobial resistance. Although modern assays have increased operational requirements, many devices are robust and can be operated within communities with minimal training. These new generation of rapid tests have bypassed barriers to care and enabled treatment to take place independently from central facilities. Here we describe the importance of connectivity, the automatic capture and sharing of patient healthcare data from testing, in the adoption and roll-out of rapid testing…

Conflict and Health
http://www.conflictandhealth.com/
[Accessed 2 Mar 2019]

Research
|   26 February 2019
Cost-effectiveness of birth-dose hepatitis B vaccination among refugee populations in the African region: a series of case studies
Authors: Joseph Michael Reardon, Siobhán M. O’Connor, Joseph D. Njau, Eugene K. Lam, Catherine A. Staton and Susan T. Cookson

Contemporary Clinical Trials
Volume 78  Pages 1-146 (March 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/contemporary-clinical-trials/vol/78/suppl/C

Review article   Abstract only
Synthesis of researcher reported strategies to recruit adults of ethnic minorities to clinical trials in the United Kingdom: A systematic review
Yumna Masood, Peter Bower, Muhammad Wali Waheed, Gill Brown, Waquas Waheed
Pages 1-10

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 41, Issue 1  January-February 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/25782363

New Challenges and Unresolved Issues
The inaugural issue of Ethics & Human Research (E&HR) marks an exciting milestone in The Hastings Centers’ 40‐year history of publishing a journal that focuses on the ethical, regulatory, and policy issues related to research with humans. Like its predecessor, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, E&HR will publish conceptual and empirical analyses on a wide range of topics related to the human research enterprise.

The journal’s name change conveys to the global community of authors and readers that E&HR is not solely about issues related to institutional review boards (IRBs) in the United States. The title shift provides an opportunity to identify new ethical, policy, and regulatory challenges that rapid developments in science, medicine, and regulatory frameworks bring to the conduct and oversight of human subjects research in the United States and elsewhere. Along with publishing work that investigates new challenges, E&HR aims not only to draw attention to unresolved issues but also to broaden the scope of issues for investigation and analysis in the field of human research ethics. The pieces in this inaugural issue identify several new challenges and hint at some of the unresolved issues and broader topics that merit further attention.

Health Economics, Policy and Law 
Volume 14 – Special Issue 2 – April 2019
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/health-economics-policy-and-law/latest-issue

SPECIAL ISSUE: Frontiers of Health Policy Research
If the enhancement of human freedom is both the main object and the primary means to development (Sen, 1999), then good individual and population health are both ends and means to development and freedom in all countries, regardless of their current ranking on the Human Development Index or other indexes on wealth, prosperity and well-being…

This special issue on the ‘frontiers in health policy research’ focuses attention on three distinct areas of inquiry. One set of papers analyses efforts to improve the quality of care and increase the value of care that health systems purchase. A second set of articles focuses on issues of health behaviour and social determinants of health. Finally, the third set of articles presents differing views on how to predict the adequacy of supply of medical professionals. The range of these articles illustrates, not only the exciting breadth of health policy research, but the degree to which scholars within this field are addressing issues of high importance to policy makers around the world. We think it is fair to claim that all of the articles address issues that are on the ‘frontier’ of health policy in the sense that they attempt to provide answers to questions that policy makers around the world are currently grappling with…

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 74,  February 2019
https://odihpn.org/magazine/communication-community-engagement-humanitarian-response/

Communication and community engagement in humanitarian response

This edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Charles-Antoine Hofmann from the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), focuses on communication and community engagement. Despite promising progress, coherent and coordinated information is still not provided systematically to affected communities, and humanitarian responses take insufficient account of the views and feedback of affected people. In 2017, UNICEF, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and other partners came together under the auspices of the Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC) Network to establish the Communication and Community Engagement (CCE) initiative, which aims to organise a collective service for communications and community engagement. The articles in this edition take stock of efforts to implement this initiative.

Drawing on lessons from 23 Peer 2 Peer Support missions, Alice Chatelet and Meg Sattler look at what’s needed to integrate CCE into the humanitarian architecture. Viviane Lucia Fluck and Dustin Barter discuss the institutional and practical barriers to implementing community feedback mechanisms. Bronwyn Russel analyses the performance of the Nepal inter-agency common feedback project; Justus Olielo and Charles-Antoine Hofmann outline the challenges of establishing common services in Yemen; and Gil Francis Arevalo reports on community engagement in preparedness and response in the Philippines. Ian McClelland and Frances Hill discuss emerging findings from a strategic partnership in the Philippines between the Humanitarian Innovation Fund and the Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network.

Charlotte Lancaster describes how call centres in Afghanistan and Iraq are enhancing two-way communication with crisis-affected people. Mia Marzotto from Translators without Borders reflects on the importance of language and translation in communication and community engagement, and Ombretta Baggio and colleagues report on efforts to bring community perspectives into decision-making during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ayo Degett highlights emerging findings from a Danish Refugee Council project on participation in humanitarian settings, and Jeff Carmel and Nick van Praag report on the Listen Learn Act (LLA) project. Geneviève Cyvoct and Alexandra T. Warner write on an innovative common platform to track the views of affected people in Chad. The edition ends with an article by Stewart Davies on collective accountability in the response to the Central Sulawesi earthquake.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
February 2019 Volume 79, Supplement 1, p1-150   Open Access
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(18)X0014-9

International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED) 2018 Abstracts; November 9-12, 2018; Vienna, Austria

Ebola in animals – our knowledge to date: assessing human exposure risks

1. von Dobschuetz, X.C.R. Roche, C. Pittiglio, L. Plee, S. Shadomy, E. Palamara, M. Bruni, L. Myers, E. Bonbon, C. Ingabire, C. Bebay, C. Biaou, L. Wiersma, A. Saidouni, P. Kone, M. Ndenge Hello, V. Bonkela Isa Nkoy, S. Morzaria, J. Pinto, E. Raizman, A. El Idrissi, G. Lamielle, J. Lubroth

Published in issue: February 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
February 2019 Volume 79, Supplement 1, p1-150   Open Access
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(18)X0014-9
International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED) 2018 Abstracts; November 9-12, 2018; Vienna, Austria

Global flu view: a platform to connect crowdsourced disease surveillance around the world
A.W. Crawley, D. Paolotti, C. Dalton, J. Brownstein, M. Smolinski
Published in issue: February 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
February 2019 Volume 79, Supplement 1, p1-150   Open Access
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(18)X0014-9
International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED) 2018 Abstracts; November 9-12, 2018; Vienna, Austria

Novel platform (wEB) to study flu virus evolution and predict vaccine efficacy

1. Paessler, V. Veljkovic

Published in issue: February 2019

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
February 2019 Volume 79, Supplement 1, p1-150   Open Access
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(18)X0014-9
International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED) 2018 Abstracts; November 9-12, 2018; Vienna, Austria

The potential for international dissemination of emerging viral pathogens
J.M. Read, D. Cummings
Published in issue: February 2019

Journal of Adolescent Health
Volume 64, Issue 2, Supplement, S1-S140
https://www.jahonline.org/issue/S1054-139X(18)X0002-0

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: INTERNATIONAL TRANSCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES
06 March 2019 – 09 March 2019
Abstracts

48. HPV Vaccination Quality Improvement Effort At An Urban University: A Novel Setting To Increase Vaccination Uptake

Katheryn N.H. Schloss, Katharine J. Head, Stephen F. Wintermeyer, Philip Huynh, Cynthia L. Robbins
S26–S27
Published in issue: February 2019
 

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
March 2019 – Volume 73 – 3
https://jech.bmj.com/content/73/3

Social programmes and health
Government social assistance programmes are failing to protect the health of low-income populations: evidence from the USA and Canada (2003–2014) (15 November, 2018) Free
Faraz Vahid Shahidi, Odmaa Sod-Erdene, Chantel Ramraj, Vincent Hildebrand, Arjumand Siddiqi

Journal of Pediatrics
March 2019 Volume 206, p1-310
http://www.jpeds.com/current

Original Articles
Association of Provider Recommendation and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Initiation among Male Adolescents Aged 13-17 Years—United States
Peng-Jun Lu, David Yankey, Benjamin Fredua, Alissa C. O’Halloran, Charnetta Williams, Lauri E. Markowitz, Laurie D. Elam-Evans
p33–41.e1
Published online: November 15, 2018

The Lancet
Mar 02, 2019  Volume 393Number 10174   p847-958
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody mAb114 targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein (VRC 608): an open-label phase 1 study
Martin R Gaudinski, Emily E Coates, Laura Novik, Alicia Widge, Katherine V Houser, Eugeania Burch, LaSonji A Holman, Ingelise J Gordon, Grace L Chen, Cristina Carter, Martha Nason,
Sandra Sitar, Galina Yamshchikov, Nina Berkowitz, Charla Andrews, Sandra Vazquez, Carolyn Laurencot, John Misasi, Frank Arnold, Kevin Carlton, Heather Lawlor, Jason Gall, Robert T Bailer, Adrian McDermott, Edmund Capparelli, Richard A Koup, John R Mascola, Barney S Graham, Nancy J Sullivan, Julie E Ledgerwood on behalf of the VRC 608 Study team

Summary
Background
mAb114 is a single monoclonal antibody that targets the receptor-binding domain of Ebola virus glycoprotein, which prevents mortality in rhesus macaques treated after lethal challenge with Zaire ebolavirus. Here we present expedited data from VRC 608, a phase 1 study to evaluate mAb114 safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity.
Methods
In this phase 1, dose-escalation study (VRC 608), conducted at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD, USA), healthy adults aged 18–60 years were sequentially enrolled into three mAb114 dose groups of 5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg. The drug was given to participants intravenously over 30 min, and participants were followed for 24 weeks. Participants were only enrolled into increased dosing groups after interim safety assessments. Our primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, with pharmacokinetic and anti-drug antibody assessments as secondary endpoints. We assessed safety and tolerability in all participants who received study drug by monitoring clinical laboratory data and self-report and direct clinician assessment of prespecified infusion-site symptoms 3 days after infusion and systemic symptoms 7 days after infusion. Unsolicited adverse events were recorded for 28 days. Pharmacokinetic and anti-drug antibody assessments were completed in participants with at least 56 days of data. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03478891, and is active but no longer recruiting.
Findings
Between May 16, and Sept 27, 2018, 19 eligible individuals were enrolled. One (5%) participant was not infused because intravenous access was not adequate. Of 18 (95%) remaining participants, three (17%) were assigned to the 5 mg/kg group, five (28%) to the 25 mg/kg group, and ten (55%) to the 50 mg/kg group, each of whom received a single infusion of mAb114 at their assigned dose. All infusions were well tolerated and completed over 30–37 min with no infusion reactions or rate adjustments. All participants who received the study drug completed the safety assessment of local and systemic reactogenicity. No participants reported infusion-site symptoms. Systemic symptoms were all mild and present only in four (22%) of 18 participants across all dosing groups. No unsolicited adverse events occurred related to mAb114 and one serious adverse event occurred that was unrelated to mAb114. mAb114 has linear pharmacokinetics and a half-life of 24·2 days (standard error of measurement 0·2) with no evidence of anti-drug antibody development.
Interpretation
mAb114 was well tolerated, showed linear pharmacokinetics, and was easily and rapidly infused, making it an attractive and deployable option for treatment in outbreak settings.
Funding
Vaccine Research Center, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and NIH.

The Lancet
Mar 02, 2019  Volume 393Number 10174   p847-958
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Seminar
Ebola virus disease
Denis Malvy, Anita K McElroy, Hilde de Clerck, Stephan Günther, Johan van Griensven
Summary
Ebolaviruses are pathogenic agents associated with a severe, potentially fatal, systemic disease in man and great apes. Four species of ebolaviruses have been identified in west or equatorial Africa. Once the more virulent forms enter the human population, transmission occurs primarily through contact with infected body fluids and can result in major epidemics in under-resourced settings. These viruses cause a disease characterised by systemic viral replication, immune suppression, abnormal inflammatory responses, major fluid and electrolyte losses, and high mortality. Despite recent progress on vaccines, and with no licensed prophylaxis or treatment available, case management is essentially supportive with management of severe multiple organ failure resulting from immune-mediated cell damage. The 2013–16 outbreak was classified by WHO as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, which drew attention to the challenges of diseases caused by infections with ebolaviruses and questioned scientific, clinical, and societal preparation to handle future epidemics.

Lancet Global Health
Mar 2019  Volume 7Number 3e281-e384
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Articles
Classification of global measles cases in 2013–17 as due to policy or vaccination failure: a retrospective review of global surveillance data
Minal K Patel, Walter A Orenstein
Summary
Background
Despite improvements in reported coverage of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) and progress towards elimination of measles, 172 939 measles cases were reported worldwide in 2017. Questions have been raised about whether measles cases are due to failure of immunisation programmes or vaccine policy failure, which might require changes to vaccination schedules or number of doses.
Methods
This retrospective review of global surveillance data analysed case-based data for cases of measles occurring during 2013–17 submitted to WHO by its member states. Cases were classified as programmatically preventable (ie, did not receive the age-appropriate number of doses for that country) or programmatically non-preventable (ie, appropriately vaccinated as per national programme) on the basis of age at onset, year of birth, vaccination status, and eligibility for MCV doses in the country reporting the case. We grouped reasons why cases were non-preventable into four categories as follows: (1) received at least two doses of MCV; (2) too young for first dose; (3) received one dose but was too young to receive the second; or (4) was only eligible for one dose according to the national schedule. We analysed numbers and proportions of preventable and non-preventable cases of measles by region and year, reasons for non-preventable cases by year, preventable cases by age group, and preventable and non-preventable cases, including reasons for non-preventable cases, by measles elimination status of countries.
Findings
Between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 31, 2017, 634 139 measles cases were reported; 7850 (1%) cases were excluded because they did not provide age at onset, so 626 289 were included in our analysis. 191 333 (31%) of these cases had unknown vaccination status. 275 754 (63%) of the 434 956 cases with available vaccination data were categorised as programmatically preventable, 213 461 (77%) of whom were aged 1 year to less than 15 years. 156 384 (36%) cases were categorised as non-preventable, of whom 38 677 (25%) were two-dose vaccine recipients, 74 438 (48%) were too young to receive their first MCV dose, 11 914 (8%) received their first dose and were too young to receive their second dose, and 31 355 (20%), mostly in the Africa region, were non-preventable because they were only eligible for one dose on the basis of the national immunisation programme.
Interpretation
Most measles cases during 2013–17 were programmatically preventable, highlighting the need for improving the effectiveness of immunisation programmes that already exist. Individual countries should do similar analyses to establish the changes needed in their country to decrease numbers of measles cases.

Funding
None.

Lancet Global Health
Mar 2019  Volume 7Number 3e281-e384
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Comment
Measles vaccination: no time to rest
Alessia Melegaro

Lancet Global Health
Mar 2019  Volume 7Number 3e281-e384
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Trends in infant mortality in Venezuela between 1985 and 2016: a systematic analysis of demographic data
Jenny García, Gerardo Correa, Brenda Rousset
Summary
Background
Between the 1950s and 2000, Venezuela showed one of the most substantial improvements in infant mortality rates in Latin America. However, the recent economic crisis alongside an increase in infectious and parasitic diseases might be reversing previous patterns. Because no official updated mortality statistics have been published since 2013, the effect of these recent events has been difficult to assess accurately. We therefore aimed to estimate infant mortality rate trends and report the effect of the crisis.
Methods
We estimated infant mortality rates using direct methods (ie, death counts from Venezuelan Ministry of Health via yearbooks and notifiable diseases bulletins, and birth records published by the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics) and indirect methods (using census data and a Living Conditions Survey ENCOVI 2016). We shaped yearly estimations using a semiparametric regression model, specifically a P-Spline model with a cubic thin plate base. The primary objective was to estimate infant mortality rate trends from 1985 to 2016.
Findings
Around 2009, the long-term decline in infant mortality rate stopped, and a new pattern of increase was observed. The infant mortality rate reached 21·1 deaths per 1000 livebirths (90% CI −17·8 to 24·3) in 2016, almost 1·4 times the rate of 2008 (15·0, −14·0 to 16·1). This increase represents a huge setback on previous achievements in reducing infant mortality.
Interpretation
Our conservative estimation indicates that Venezuela is in the throes of a humanitarian crisis. The increase in infant mortality rate in 2016 compared with 2008 takes the country back to the level observed at the end of the 1990s, wiping out 18 years of expected progress, and leaves the Venezuelan Government far from achieving the target of nine deaths per 1000 livebirths stated in the UN Millennium Development Goals.

Funding
None.

Lancet Global Health
Mar 2019  Volume 7Number 3e281-e384
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia and clinically-defined pneumonia in Kenyan children: an interrupted time-series analysis
Micah Silaba, Michael Ooko, Christian Bottomley, Joyce Sande, Rachel Benamore, Kate Park,
James Ignas, Kathryn Maitland, Neema Mturi, Anne Makumi, Mark Otiende, Stanley Kagwanja,
Sylvester Safari, Victor Ochola, Tahreni Bwanaali, Evasius Bauni, Fergus Gleeson, Maria Deloria Knoll, Ifedayo Adetifa, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N Williams, Tatu Kamau, Shahnaaz Sharif, Orin S Levine, Laura L Hammitt, J Anthony G Scott

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2019  Volume 19Number 3p217-338, e63-e108
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Series
Tuberculosis transmission in HIV-endemic settings
Advances in the understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in HIV-endemic settings
Julian S Peters, Jason R Andrews, Mark Hatherill, Sabine Hermans, Leonardo Martinez,Erwin Schurr, Yuri van der Heijden, Robin Wood, Roxana Rustomjee, Bavesh D Kana

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2019  Volume 19Number 3p217-338, e63-e108
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Tuberculosis transmission in HIV-endemic settings
Transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-endemic settings
Palwasha Y Khan, Tom A Yates, Muhammad Osman, Robin M Warren, Yuri van der Heijden, Nesri Padayatchi, Edward A Nardell, David Moore, Barun Mathema,  Neel Gandhi, Vegard Eldholm,Keertan Dheda, Anneke C Hesseling, Valerie Mizrahi, Roxana Rustomjee, Alexander Pym

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2019  Volume 19Number 3p217-338, e63-e108
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Tuberculosis transmission in HIV-endemic settings
Spatially targeted screening to reduce tuberculosis transmission in high-incidence settings
Patrick G T Cudahy, Jason R Andrews, Alyssa Bilinski, David W Dowdy, Barun Mathema,
Nicolas A Menzies, Joshua A Salomon, Sourya Shrestha, Ted Cohen

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Mar 2019  Volume 19Number 3p217-338, e63-e108
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

Review
Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children
Robindra Basu Roy, Elizabeth Whittaker, James A Seddon, Beate Kampmann

Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Mar 2019  Volume 7Number 3p187-282, e10-e12
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current

Comment
The way forward for tuberculosis vaccines
Richard G White, Willem A Hanekom, Johan Vekemans, Rebecca C Harris
Tuberculosis is now the largest single-pathogen cause of adult mortality globally; more than 10 million incident cases of the disease occur worldwide every year. In 2018, global tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment efforts were estimated to cost US$10·4 billion. With such a high global burden, and a current average annual decline in incidence of only 1·8%, new efficacious vaccines are urgently needed to accelerate progress towards the WHO End TB and elimination goals.

Nature 
Volume 566 Issue 7745, 28 February 2019
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

World View | 26 February 2019
Why were scientists silent over gene-edited babies?
To be successful as researchers, we must be able to think through the impacts of our work on society and speak up when necessary, says Natalie Kofler.

Nature Genetics
Volume 51 Issue 3, March 2019
https://www.nature.com/ng/

Editorial | 28 February 2019
Brave new dialogue
The development of CRISPR–Cas technology and its applications in biomedical research have generated much excitement. If fully realized, this technology has the potential to help treat or prevent severe diseases. However, these tools also carry considerable risk if improperly used. The scientific community must promote constructive dialogue among its members and within society at large to ensure that research on genome editing is conducted responsibly.