Outbreak: Update on the ongoing Novel Coronavirus Global Epidemic (Issue 9, 17 March 2020)

Africa CDC [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
Outbreak: Update on the ongoing Novel Coronavirus Global Epidemic (Issue 9, 17 March 2020)
…As of 17 March 2020, 443 total COVID-19 cases have been reported in 30 African countries. A total of 10 deaths have been reported from four African countries.  Africa CDC is working with all affected countries and is mobilizing laboratory, surveillance, and other response support where requested…

Africa CDC Response: [Excerpt]
General activities
Africa CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center and its Incident Management System (IMS) for the COVID-19 outbreak on 27 January 2020. Africa CDC has developed its third Incident Action Plan that covers the period between 16 March to 15 April 2020.
The Africa Union Ministers of Health gathered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 22 February for an emergency COVID-19 meeting where they agreed upon a joint continental strategy and guidance for assessment, movement restrictions, and monitoring of people at risk for COVID-19, including people being repatriated from China.
Africa CDC is holding weekly updates with national public health institutes in Member States and has formed working groups for high priority areas of coronavirus control, including: surveillance; laboratory diagnosis; infection prevention and control; clinical care; and risk communication.
Three experts each have been deployed to Cameroon and Nigeria and to support COVID-19 outbreak response efforts.
Response simulation exercises (i.e., ‘table top’ exercises for high-level coordination) are being initiated, including an initial simulation conducted with a group of ~10 West African Countries in partnership with WAHO.
Africa CDC is working to procure emergency medical equipment stockpiles including diagnostics (over 6,000 test kits), PPE, thermal scanners and other critical equipment that can be used to rapidly equip countries in the event of rapid onset of cases.
Twenty-four volunteers have been recruited to support various response activities with more in-process of recruitment.
Africa CDC gave an orientation to the African Union Commission staff on the epidemiological situation, Africa CDC efforts, and the precautions that staff members should take to prevent themselves and others from getting infected by COVID-19. A social distancing police was issued by AUC to avoid big gatherings and meetings in the AUC facilities…

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China CDC

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

 

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
Xi vows more cooperation internationally to control rapid spread of disease
2020-03-21
China vows closer international cooperation with Russia and other countries to control the novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, which experts say further demonstrates its vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind…

No new local virus infections for 3 straight days in mainland
2020-03-21
The Chinese mainland has seen no homegrown infections of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, for three straight days, as the latest data of the National Health Commission showed.
Imported cases, however, keep increasing and are on a generally upward trend in the past week despite fluctuations.
The daily increase of imported cases reached a record high of 41, bringing up the caseload on the Chinese mainland to 81,008, the commission said.
To date, 269 imported cases have been counted…

China returns solidarity with Europe in COVID-19 battle
2020-03-21

China ready to help Britain in COVID-19 fight: Chinese FM
2020-03-21

Beijing: 149 designated medical observation sites for inbound travelers from overseas
2020-03-21

Chinese health experts provide guidance and medical assistance to contain COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq
2020-03-21

Announcements

Announcements
 
Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group    [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
Press Release
No new digest content identified.
 
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://cepi.net/
Latest News
CEPI collaborates with the Institut Pasteur in a consortium to develop COVID-19 vaccine
Led by the Institut Pasteur and including Themis and the University of Pittsburgh, the consortium becomes CEPI’s eighth COVID-19 vaccine development programme.
News  19 Mar 2020
CEPI partners with University of Hong Kong to develop COVID-19 vaccine
Partnership becomes seventh COVID-19 vaccine development project that CEPI has signed since Jan 23, 2020.
 
 
News   18 Mar 2020
Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI)  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
Guidance to sponsors on how to manage clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic
Press release 20/03/2020
The European Commission, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and national Head of Medicines Agencies (HMA) have published new recommendations for sponsors on how to manage the conduct of clinical trials in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on European health systems and more broadly on society, will make it necessary for sponsors to adjust how they manage clinical trials and the people who participate in these trials.

The guidance provides concrete information on changes and protocol deviations which may be needed in the conduct of clinical trials to deal with extraordinary situations, e.g. if trial participants need to be in self-isolation or quarantine, access to public places (including hospitals) is limited due to the risk of spreading infections, and healthcare professionals are being reallocated…

Press release:
Call to pool research resources into large multi-centre, multi-arm clinical trials to generate sound evidence on COVID-19 treatments

Last updated: 19/03/2020
EMA’s Human Medicines Committee (CHMP) has published a statement urging the EU research community to prioritise large randomised controlled studies because they are most likely to generate the conclusive evidence needed to enable rapid development and approval of potential treatments of COVID-19. The statement promotes a harmonised approach to data collection and a robust methodology for COVID-19 clinical trials across the EU to make best use of the available supply of investigational agents. It emphasises the need to include all EU countries in these trials.

News:
First regulatory workshop on COVID-19 facilitates global collaboration on vaccine development
Last updated: 18/03/2020
Today, the first global regulatory workshop on COVID-19 was convened under the umbrella of the International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA). The virtual meeting brought together delegates from 17 different countries, representing more than 20 medicines regulatory authorities globally, as well as experts from the World Health Organization and the European Commission, to discuss the development of vaccines against COVID-19. The event was co-chaired by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
Latest News
Vaccine development services: COVID19 vaccine projects encouraged to apply
16 March 2020
Researchers developing vaccine candidates against COVID19 can benefit from TRANSVAC2 services
 
 
FDA [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
March 20, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Alerts Consumers About Unauthorized Fraudulent COVID-19 Test Kits
 
March 20, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA allows expanded use of devices to monitor patients’ vital signs remotely
 
March 20, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA provides guidance on production of alcohol-based hand sanitizer to help boost supply, protect public health
 
March 19, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Continues to Facilitate Development of Treatments
 
March 19, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: Blood Donations
 
March 19, 2020 – FDA Approves New Treatment for Pediatric Patients with Any Strain of Hepatitis C
 
March 18, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Focuses on Safety of Regulated Products While Scaling Back Domestic Inspections
 
March 18, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues Guidance for Conducting Clinical Trials
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today issued a guidance for industry, investigators and institutional review boards conducting clinical trials during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic…
 
March 17, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues Temporary Policy for FSMA Onsite Audit Requirements

 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Gavi [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
Stories
21 March 2020
Gavi Board calls for bold engagement to respond to COVID-19
Geneva, 21 March 2020 – With the COVID-19 pandemic already affecting 47 Gavi-supported countries, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has already taken new steps to help strengthen the preparedness of health systems in lower-income countries with the full support of its Board.
Gavi will also be working closely with WHO, CEPI, World Bank, UNICEF and other partners to create the optimal conditions for the acceleration of priority candidate vaccines with a focus on access including assuring adequate scale up of production and delivery to be sure the vaccine gets to where it is needed to stem the pandemic.
“We have already seen the impact COVID-19 can have on health systems in wealthier countries; in countries with already fragile health systems it could be catastrophic,” said Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Chair of the Gavi Board during a meeting on Thursday. “As has become brutally clear in recent months, this disease doesn’t respect borders, which is why it will take a truly global response to defeat it. Gavi is making funding immediately available for lower-income countries to respond to the crisis. Routine immunisation against other deadly diseases like measles, yellow fever and diphtheria also must continue – we cannot have two global outbreaks on our hands.”…
 
 
GHIT Fund   [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.
 
 
Global Fund  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News & Stories
Funding Model
Building High-Quality Grants
20 March 2020
News
Global Fund Supports 11 Countries in Response to COVID-19
20 March 2020
GENEVA – The Global Fund announced today that 11 countries have so far used financial assistance from the Global Fund in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Working within its mandate to fight HIV, tuberculosis and malaria and to strengthen systems for health, the Global Fund issued new guidelines earlier this month to provide flexibility for countries to use up to 5% of approved grants to fight COVID-19 and to mitigate the potential consequences of the pandemic on existing programs to fight HIV, TB and malaria…
Sourcing & Management of Health Products
COVID-19 Procurement and Supply Update for Global Fund Principal Recipients
19 March 2020
Video
COVID-19 Pandemic: Statement from Executive Director Peter Sands
19 March 2020
 

 
 
Hilleman Laboratories   [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

 
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IAVI  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
Press Releases
March 5, 2020
IAVI and Batavia Biosciences Announce Collaboration on VSV-vector Based Epidemic Preparedness Vaccines
Mutual expertise drives innovations to address supply issues for vaccines for outbreak pathogens
 
 
International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
No new digest content identified.

 
 
International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
COVID-19: Critical to keep the supply chain of essential medicines manufacturing operating at full capacity (March 2020)
IGBA, the International Generic and Biosimilar medicines Association (IGBA), representing global manufacturers of generic and biosimilar medicines, today calls upon the global policy leaders and governments to do everything in their power to keep the manufacturing operations and the supply chain of essential medicines operating at full capacity. This will allow our companies to continue to produce much needed critical medicines. While we support the need to protect healthcare workers and to provide hospitals with essential materials, putting unreasonable restrictions on exports of essential medical supplies or medicines will do more harm than good at this time of urgent need.
 
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFRC   [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVAC  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
COVID-19 Questions Answered: IVAC-Affiliated Experts Give Their Take on the Challenges with Infection Control
March 2020
As coronavirus-related facts change by the day or hour, International Vaccine Access Center experts in epidemiology, vaccine development, economics, policy, and behavioral science are called upon to analyze current events and predict what’s ahead.  Here is a round robin on the latest with the pandemic and what our people are doing to support a rapid […]

 
 

IVI   [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
IVI at work on COVID-19
[undated]
As COVID-19 continues to disrupt communities around the world, IVI remains committed to our mission to protect the world’s most vulnerable people from vaccine-preventable diseases by developing safe, effective, and affordable vaccines for global health. We do this for diseases like cholera and typhoid, as well as emerging infectious diseases.

Here’s how we’re accelerating vaccines against COVID-19:
:: Development of an international standard laboratory vaccine effectiveness evaluation platform for multiple vaccine development groups:
. VSV-receptor binding domain vaccine with Sumagen, a Korean biotech company
. COVID DNA vaccine in a consortium of 6 organizations led by Genexine with IVI, Binex, GenNBio, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology) with plans to start clinical trials in July 2020
:: Progress with CEPI for IVI as a clinical partner for CEPI-supported vaccine candidates
:: In the process of obtaining funding for enhanced COVID-19 surveillance at existing IVI work sites that conduct febrile surveillance for typhoid in Ghana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Madagascar, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Ethiopia.
 
 
JEE Alliance  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Burkina Faso
Four questions on the unprecedented humanitarian emergency…
Interview 20 Mar 2020
Coronavirus disease COVID-19
“Our priority is to protect hospital staff” where COVID-19 began in Italy
Project Update 20 Mar 2020
Coronavirus disease COVID-19
Vulnerable communities are bracing for impact of COVID-19
Op-Ed 20 Mar 2020
Coronavirus disease COVID-19
As COVID-19 continues to spread, MSF prepares for action in France
Press Release 18 Mar 2020
Syria
People in northwest Syria continue to struggle despite truce
Project Update 17 Mar 2020
South Sudan
Huge numbers of wounded and displaced as violence continues in J…
Press Release 17 Mar 2020
Coronavirus disease COVID-19
Help and solidarity needed in Europe to protect medical staff fr…
Press Release 16 Mar 2020
Coronavirus disease COVID-19
Challenges in supporting COVID-19 response
Interview 16 Mar 2020
National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC 2020 Meetings
June 9-10, 2020 NVAC Meeting
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)

NIH  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
NIH shifts non-mission-critical laboratory operations to minimal maintenance phase
March 20, 2020 — Only mission-critical functions within NIH research laboratories will be supported.
New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces
March 17, 2020 — SARS-CoV-2 stability similar to original SARS virus.
NIH clinical trial of investigational vaccine for COVID-19 begins
March 16, 2020 — Study enrolling Seattle-based healthy adult volunteers.
[See Milestones above for detail]
NIH Reports First Known Employee with COVID-19 Infection
March 15, 2020 — Individual is self-quarantined and staff who work in close proximity have been notified, asked to self-quarantine, and will be screened for COVID-19.

 
 
PATH  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Selected Announcements
No new digest content identified.

Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
20 March 2020
Chains of solidarity and kindness during the COVID-19 outbreak

UNICEF  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases

Press release
World Poetry Day: Young people in war zones across the world share heart-wrenching poems calling for peace
As the world battles COVID-19, peace in countries affected by conflict is critical, warns UNICEF

21/03/2020
Statement
COVID-19 does not discriminate; nor should our response

Statement by the United Nations Network on Migration
20/03/2020
Press release
COVID-19: Children at heightened risk of abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence amidst intensifying containment measures

Newly released technical guidance aims to help authorities strengthen protection measures for children during pandemic

NEW YORK, 20 March 2020 – Hundreds of millions of children around the world will likely face increasing threats to their safety and wellbeing – including mistreatment, gender-based violence, exploitation, social exclusion and separation from caregivers – because of actions taken to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. UNICEF is urging governments to ensure the safety and wellbeing of children amidst the intensifying socioeconomic fallout from the disease. The UN children’s agency, together with its partners at the Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, has released a set of guidance to support authorities and organizations involved in the response.

In a matter of months, COVID-19 has upended the lives of children and families across the globe. School closures and movement restrictions are disrupting children’s routines and support systems. They are also adding new stressors on caregivers who may have to forgo work.

Stigma related to COVID-19 has left some children more vulnerable to violence and psychosocial distress. At the same time, control measures that do not account for the gender-specific needs and vulnerabilities of women and girls may also increase their risk of sexual exploitation, abuse and child marriage. Recent anecdotal evidence from China, for instance, points to a significant rise in cases of domestic violence against women and girls.

“In many ways, the disease is now reaching children and families far beyond those it directly infects,” said Cornelius Williams, UNICEF Chief of Child Protection. “Schools are closing. Parents are struggling to care for their children and make ends meet. The protection risks for children are mounting. This guidance provides governments and protection authorities with an outline of practical measures that can be taken to keep children safe during these uncertain times.”

Increased rates of abuse and exploitation of children have occurred during previous public health emergencies. School closures during the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, for example, contributed to spikes in child labor, neglect, sexual abuse and teenage pregnancies. In Sierra Leone, cases of teenage pregnancy more than doubled to 14,000 from before the outbreak.
As part of the guidance, the Alliance is recommending that governments and protection authorities take concrete steps to ensure protection of children is integral to all COVID-19 prevention and control measures, including:
:: Train health, education and child services staff on COVID-19 related child protection risks, including on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse and how to safely report concerns;
:: Train first responders on how to manage disclosure of gender-based violence (GBV Pocket Guide), and collaborate with healthcare services to support GBV survivors;

Increase information sharing on referral and other support services available for children;
:: Engage children, particularly adolescents, in assessing how COVID-19 affects them differently to inform programming and advocacy;
:: Provide targeted support to interim care centres and families, including child-headed households and foster families, to emotionally support children and engage in appropriate self-care;
:: Provide financial and material assistance to families whose income generating opportunities have been affected; and
:: Put in place concrete measures to prevent child-family separation, and ensure support for children left alone without adequate care due to the hospitalization or death of a parent or caregiver; and
:: Ensure the protection of all children is given the utmost consideration in disease control measures.

Statement
Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore on the COVID-19 pandemic
NEW YORK, 18 March 2020 – “One week since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, the number of cases continues to soar around the world. Hundreds of millions of children are not in school. Parents and caregivers are working remotely whenever they can. Borders have been closed. Lives have been upended.
“These are uncharted waters for all of us. At UNICEF, we are fighting a new virus, debunking myths and battling misinformation, all while looking after the well-being of our staff and our own families.
“Our life-saving work to provide children with health, education, nutrition and protection has never been more critical. With millions of children uprooted, affected by wars, dying from preventable causes, out of school, or missing out on essential vaccines, the need for support has never been greater.
“UNICEF is working to help prevent the spread of the virus among communities in the affected countries. We are sharing accurate information on how to keep families safe, providing hygiene and medical kits to schools and health clinics, and mitigating the impact of the outbreak on children’s access to health, education and social services.
“Now more than ever, we count on our donors to continue supporting our mission for those with nothing and no one – despite these difficult times.
Press release
One year after Cyclone Idai, 2.5 million people in Mozambique remain in need of humanitarian assistance
UNICEF prepares for more frequent and ferocious disasters as a result of the climate crisis

17/03/2020
Press release
Almost 5 million children born into war in Syria, 1 million born as refugees in neighbouring countries
Over 9,000 children killed or injured in the conflict, according to verified data, with an average of one child killed every 10 hours since monitoring began
15/03/2020
 
Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN)  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
Announcements
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Latest News & Archive
No new digest content identified.

 

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
Coronavirus Updates
Frequently Asked Questions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Last Updated: March 19, 2020
Get some fast facts about the coronavirus from CHOP and the CDC. The CDC will provide updated information as it becomes available.

 

Wellcome Trust  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 18 March 2020
Urgent investment needed for diagnostics, treatments and vaccines to end the COVID-19 pandemic
Alex Harris, Head of Global Policy Policy and Advocacy team, Wellcome
Now is not the time to make cautious investments: now is the time for courageous action to tackle coronavirus (COVID-19).
 
 
The Wistar Institute   [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.wfpha.org/
Latest News
No new digest content identified.

 
 

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/

Press Releases
COVID-19 and veterinary activities designated as essential

OIE/WVA Joint Statement
In the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Veterinary Association (WVA) jointly draw attention to the roles and responsibilities of the veterinary profession for public health. They highlight the specific veterinary activities which are key to ensure a continuum in food safety, disease prevention and emergency management.
Paris, 18 March 2020 – To effectively tackle the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments around the world have taken restrictive measures to close non-essential businesses. These decisions raise questions regarding potential adaptations that need to be implemented by the veterinary profession.
In this context, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Veterinary Association (WVA) advocate for the specific activities of Veterinary Services to be considered as essential businesses.

Maintaining the activities that are crucial to public health
Veterinarians are an integral part of the global health community. Beyond the activities linked to the health and welfare of animals, they have a key role in disease prevention and management, including those transmissible to humans, and to ensure food safety for the populations.
In the current situation, it is crucial that, amongst their numerous activities, they can sustain those necessary to ensure that:
:: national and regional veterinary regulatory and inspection services can oversee the integrity of public health
:: only healthy animals and their by-products enter the food supply to guarantee food safety for the populations,
:: emergency situations can be addressed,
:: preventative measures, such as vaccination against diseases with a significant public health or economic impact, are maintained.
:: priority research activities continue.
Supporting veterinary activities in the current context
When conducting their work, veterinarians have the responsibility to safeguard their health, the health of those they work with, and their clients’ health. Hence, they must ensure that appropriate levels of biosecurity are implemented, that their personnel are protected with the necessary equipment, and that animal owners are informed of precautionary measures in place. It is the responsibility of each individual to ensure that appropriate behaviours are respected in the framework of these activities, to avoid further spread of COVID-19.

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ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine]  [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 
 
BIO    [to 21 Mar 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases

Press Releases
America’s Biopharmaceutical Companies Working Around the Clock to Beat Coronavirus

March 20, 2020
Companies are Coming Together to Achieve Shared Goal of Eradicating the Virus 
Press Release
Media Advisory: World’s Largest Biopharmaceutical Organization to Host Two-Day Virtual Summit on Coronavirus

March 19, 2020
The two-day summit will take place on Tuesday, March 24 and Wednesday, March 25, and will be led by BIO President and CEO Jim Greenwood and Dr. George Scangos, President and CEO of Vir Biotechnology. BIO Board Chairman Dr. Jeremy Levin, CEO of Ovid Therapeutics, appointed Dr. Scangos to oversee the BIO Coronavirus Collaboration Initiative, which is intended to help connect innovators with partners across both the industry and inside the federal government to combat the coronavirus.
The summit will include leaders from biotech and pharmaceutical companies, global academic experts in virology and immunology, and non-governmental organizations. Those invited to participate include Ambassador Deborah Birx, Dr. Robert Kadlec, and other senior leaders from key government offices, including the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and the Food and Drug Administration. Information regarding confirmed guests will be provided at a later date….

CLICK HERE TO REGISTER

WHO: BIO, Industry Leaders, Senior Government Officials, and Scientific Experts
WHAT: Virtual Summit to Foster Public-Private Collaboration to Address the Coronavirus
WHEN: Tuesday, March 24 and Wednesday, March 25
WHERE: Virtual Meeting, registration required
 

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News
No new digest content identified.
 
 

IFPMA   [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications

Global Biopharmaceutical Industry pulling out all the stops to address Coronavirus public health crisis

19 March 2020, Geneva – The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA), representing the world’s leading biopharmaceutical companies, today confirmed that having already mobilized on an unprecedented scale to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, they commit to do more. The biopharmaceutical industry commits to accelerate its effort to use its skills, technology and resources to bring safe, effective diagnostics, treatments and vaccines to patients around the world as a matter of urgency…

…Among the commitments are to:
:: use industry’s expertise and know-how to speed up the development of safe and effective vaccines, partnering with others to make it possible;
:: use industry’s medical expertise to support global healthcare systems to manage the unprecedented increase in pressure they face;
:: share tools and insights to test potential therapies and vaccines as well as developing and scaling up capacity ofdiagnostics for testing for COVID-19 patients as much as possible;
:: increase industry’s manufacturing capabilities and willingly share available capacity to ramp up production once a successful vaccine or treatment is developed;
:: work to secure continuity of supply for all essential medicines, vaccines and diagnostics for patients with other life-threatening diseases, calling on governments to implement policies and decisions that facilitate access for those in need…
Pharma industry and patient groups collaborate on a NEW guidance note on best practices for interaction
16 March 2020
…The Note for Guidance aims to complement the 2019 IFPMA Code of Practice which covers the promotion of pharmaceutical products and interactions with Healthcare Professionals (HCPs), medical institutions and patient organizations.  The new advisory note sets out principles of interaction on how to protect the independence, privacy and integrity of patients, caregivers and patient organizations when they receive financial and non-financial support from companies and associations.  It provides best practice on what should be included in agreements and puts great emphasis on advising pharmaceutical companies and associations to carefully consider how and when to engage with patients and caregivers as individuals, as advisors, or as guest speakers at events and congresses…
 
 
PhRMA    [to 21 Mar 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
America’s Biopharmaceutical Companies Working Around the Clock to Beat Coronavirus

Companies are Coming Together to Achieve Shared Goal of Eradicating the Virus
March 20, 2020
Washington, D.C. (March 20, 2020) — Today, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) underscored the industry’s commitment to finding solutions to prevent, diagnose and treat those with COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus. The decades-long investments biopharmaceutical companies have made in new technologies, research and treatments have prepared the industry to act swiftly to respond to the public health crisis.
America’s biopharmaceutical companies are working around the clock to:
:: Work with government agencies and diagnostic partners to increase COVID-19 testing capability and capacity.
:: Screen vast global libraries of medicines to identify potential treatments and have numerous clinical trials underway to test existing therapies.
:: Research and develop new therapies and treatments for those infected with the virus.
:: Use investments in new technologies to speed the development of safe and effective vaccines.

“I’m confident our industry will achieve its shared goal to beat coronavirus, and our commitment underscores how we are uniquely positioned to do so,” said Stephen J. Ubl, president and chief executive officer of PhRMA. “We have deep scientific knowledge gained from decades of experience with similar viruses; the industry has invested billions in technologies that have dramatically shortened the time it takes to decode viruses and develop a potential vaccine; and our companies alone have the ability to manufacture and broadly disseminate vaccines or treatments.”…

Industry Watch  [to 21 Mar 2020]
:: Pfizer Announces Top-Line Results from Phase 3 Study of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Naïve Adults Aged 18 Years or Older
20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine demonstrated comparable safety and immunogenicity profile to licensed pneumococcal vaccines
March 18, 2020
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) today announced top-line results from one of its Phase 3 studies (NCT03760146), which evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of its 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (20vPnC) candidate in adults 18 years of age or older not previously vaccinated against pneumococcal disease. The primary immunogenicity objectives of non-inferiority for the 20 serotypes included in 20vPnC in adults 60 years of age and older at one month after vaccination were met for all serotypes in common with licensed Prevnar 13® (pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine [Diphtheria CRM197 Protein]) and six of the seven additional serotypes when compared to a licensed pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23); one of the new seven serotypes missed noninferiority criteria by a small margin.1 Secondary immunogenicity objectives for adults 18-59 years old compared to those 60-64 years old met non-inferiority for all 20 serotypes. The safety objectives were met in adults 18 years of age or older demonstrating that the safety and tolerability of 20vPnC were comparable to licensed pneumococcal vaccines. Based on prior discussions with regulators, these data are expected to meet licensure criteria…

 

Journal Watch

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

Costs and benefits of early response in the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone

Artificial Intelligence – An International Journal
Volume 281 April 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/artificial-intelligence/vol/281/suppl/C

 


BMC Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
http://resource-allocation.biomedcentral.com/
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)
Costs and benefits of early response in the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone
The 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa was the largest EVD outbreak recorded, which has triggered calls for investments that would facilitate an even earlier response. This study aims to estimate the costs and health effects of earlier interventions in Sierra Leone.
Authors: Klas Kellerborg, Werner Brouwer and Pieter van Baal
Content type: Research
16 March 2020

Influenza in the school-aged population in Mexico: burden of disease and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in children

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

 

Influenza in the school-aged population in Mexico: burden of disease and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in children
The current national influenza vaccination schedule in Mexico does not recommend vaccination in the school-aged population (5–11 years). Currently, there are limited data from middle-income countries analysing…
Authors: Jorge Abelardo Falcón-Lezama, Rodrigo Saucedo-Martínez, Miguel Betancourt-Cravioto, Myrna María Alfaro-Cortes, Roberto Isaac Bahena-González and Roberto Tapia-Conyer
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:240
Content type: Research article
Published on: 20 March 2020

Dishonesty and research misconduct within the medical profession

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

Dishonesty and research misconduct within the medical profession
Authors: Habib Rahman and Stephen Ankier
Content type: Review
18 March 2020
Abstract
While there has been much discussion of how the scientific establishment’s culture can engender research misconduct and scientific irreproducibility, this has been discussed much less frequently with respect to the medical profession. Here the authors posit that a lack of self-criticism, an encouragement of novel scientific research generated by the recruitment policies of the UK Royal Training Colleges along with insufficient training in the sciences are core reasons as to why research misconduct and dishonesty prevail within the medical community. Furthermore, the UK General Medical Council’s own data demonstrates a historic inattentiveness to the ease with which doctors can engage in research misconduct. Suggestions are made as to how these issues can be investigated and alternative incentives for career advancement are adumbrated.

Clarifying how to deploy the public interest criterion in consent waivers for health data and tissue research

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

 

Clarifying how to deploy the public interest criterion in consent waivers for health data and tissue research
Several jurisdictions, including Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and most recently Ireland, have a public interest or public good criterion for granting waivers of consent in biomedical research using secondary health data or tissue. However, the concept of the public interest is not well defined in this context, which creates difficulties for institutions, institutional review boards (IRBs) and regulators trying to implement the criterion.
Authors: G. Owen Schaefer, Graeme Laurie, Sumytra Menon, Alastair V. Campbell and Teck Chuan Voo
Content type: Debate
20 March 2020

 

Vaccination coverage with the pneumococcal and influenza vaccine among persons with chronic diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

 

Vaccination coverage with the pneumococcal and influenza vaccine among persons with chronic diseases in Shanghai, China, 2017
Adults with chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease are more likely to develop complications from a number of vaccine-preventable diseases, including influenza and pneumonia. In thi…
Authors: Yuheng Wang, Minna Cheng, Siyuan Wang, Fei Wu, Qinghua Yan, Qinping Yang, Yanyun Li, Xiang Guo, Chen Fu, Yan Shi, Abram L. Wagner and Matthew L. Boulton
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:359
Content type: Research article
Published on: 19 March 2020

Quantifying the success of measles vaccination campaigns in the Rohingya refugee camps

Epidemics
Volume 30 March 2020
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/epidemics/vol/30/suppl/C

 

Research article Open access
Quantifying the success of measles vaccination campaigns in the Rohingya refugee camps
Taylor Chin, Caroline O. Buckee, Ayesha S. Mahmud
Article 100385
Abstract
In the wake of the Rohingya population’s mass migration from Myanmar, one of the world’s largest refugee settlements was constructed in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh to accommodate nearly 900,000 new refugees. Refugee populations are particularly vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks due to many population and environmental factors. A large measles outbreak, with over 1700 cases, occurred among the Rohingya population between September and November 2017. Here, we estimate key epidemiological parameters and use a dynamic mathematical model of measles transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of the reactive vaccination campaigns in the refugee camps. We also estimate the potential for subsequent outbreaks under different vaccination coverage scenarios. Our modeling results highlight the success of the vaccination campaigns in rapidly curbing transmission and emphasize the public health importance of maintaining high levels of vaccination in this population, where high birth rates and historically low vaccination coverage rates create suitable conditions for future measles outbreaks.

Research Participant Views regarding Qualitative Data Sharing

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 42, Issue 2 Pages: 1-33 March–April 2020
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

 

Incidental Findings :: Data Sharing N‐of‐1 Trials :: Deception
Articles
Research Participant Views regarding Qualitative Data Sharing
We found no studies in the United States that explored research participants’ perspectives about sharing their qualitative data. We present findings from interviews with 30 individuals who participated in sensitive qualitative studies to explore their understanding and concerns regarding qualitative data sharing. The vast majority supported sharing qualitative data so long as their data were deidentified and shared only among researchers. However, they raised concerns about confidentiality if the data were not adequately deidentified and about misuse by secondary users if data were shared beyond the research community.
Jessica Mozersky, Meredith Parsons, Heidi Walsh, Kari Baldwin, Tristan McIntosh, James M. DuBois
Pages: 13-27
First Published: 19 March 2020

Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review

Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 21 Mar 2020]

 

Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review
A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley. In this scoping review, 65 research articles published before 31 January 2020 were analyzed and discussed to better understand the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, dates of publication, journal language, authors’ affiliations, and methodological characteristics were included in the analysis. All the findings and statements in this review regarding the outbreak are based on published information as listed in the references.
Authors: Sasmita Poudel Adhikari, Sha Meng, Yu-Ju Wu, Yu-Ping Mao, Rui-Xue Ye, Qing-Zhi Wang, Chang Sun, Sean Sylvia, Scott Rozelle, Hein Raat and Huan Zhou
Content type: Scoping Review
17 March 2020

Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

JAMA
March 17, 2020, Vol 323, No. 11, Pages 1021-1104
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Original Investigation
Caring for the Critically Ill Patient
Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China
Dawei Wang, MD; Bo Hu, MD; Chang Hu, MD; et al.
free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585
This single-center case series describes the demographics, symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, and clinical course of 138 patients hospitalized with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) in Wuhan, China, highlighting presumed human-to-human hospital-associated transmission in many cases.
Audio Interview: COVID-19 Update From China
Editorial
Editorial Concern—Possible Reporting of the Same Patients With COVID-19 in Different Reports
Howard Bauchner, MD; Robert M. Golub, MD; Jody Zylke, MD

Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China

JAMA
March 17, 2020, Vol 323, No. 11, Pages 1021-1104
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Research Letter
Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Infections Involving 13 Patients Outside Wuhan, China
De Chang, MD, PhD; Minggui Lin, MD; Lai Wei, MD; et al.
free access has active quiz has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2020;323(11):1092-1093. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1623
This case series uses patient hospital data to summarize the clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging findings of 13 patients with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection admitted to hospitals in Beijing in January 2020.

Randomized Clinical Trials of Artificial Intelligence

JAMA
March 17, 2020, Vol 323, No. 11, Pages 1021-1104
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

 

Editorial
Randomized Clinical Trials of Artificial Intelligence
Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH
JAMA. 2020;323(11):1043-1045. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1039
As patient data are increasingly captured digitally, the opportunities to deploy artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning, are increasing rapidly. Machine learning is automated learning by computers using tools such as artificial neural networks to search data iteratively for optimal solutions.1 Typical applications include searching for novel patterns (eg, latent cancer subtypes2), making a diagnosis or outcome prediction (eg, diabetic retinopathy3), and optimizing treatment decisions (eg, fluid and vasopressor titration for septic shock4). Although many express excitement regarding the promise of AI, others express concern about adverse consequences, such as loss of physician and patient autonomy or unintended bias, and still others claim that the entire endeavor is largely hype, with virtually no data that actual patient outcomes have improved.5,6

Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Editorial
Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Mary E Wilson, MD, Lin H Chen, MD
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa015
A novel coronavirus, probably of bat origin, has caused an outbreak of severe respiratory infection in humans in Wuhan, China and has been dispersed globally by travelers. The WHO has declared the spread of the infection a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Editorial
Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Mary E Wilson, MD, Lin H Chen, MD
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa015, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa015
A novel coronavirus, probably of bat origin, has caused an outbreak of severe respiratory infection in humans in Wuhan, China and has been dispersed globally by travelers. The WHO has declared the spread of the infection a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Perspectives
Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak
A Wilder-Smith, MD, D O Freedman, MD
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020
Public health measures were decisive in controlling the SARS epidemic in 2003. Isolation is the separation of ill persons from non-infected persons. Quarantine is movement restriction, often with fever surveillance, of contacts when it is not evident whether they have been infected but are not yet symptomatic or have not been infected. Community containment includes measures that range from increasing social distancing to community-wide quarantine. Whether these measures will be sufficient to control 2019-nCoV depends on addressing some unanswered questions.

Are all vaccines safe for the pregnant traveller? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Reviews
Are all vaccines safe for the pregnant traveller? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Roni Nasser, MD, Stav Rakedzon, MD, Yaakov Dickstein, MD, Amjad Mousa, MD, Ido Solt, MD
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taz074, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taz074

Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis with IC51: systematic review on immunogenicity, duration of protection and safety

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis with IC51: systematic review on immunogenicity, duration of protection and safety
Kerstin Kling, Thomas Harder, Zane Younger, Gerd Burchard, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa016, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa016

Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue/27/2

 

Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China
Isaac I Bogoch, MD, Alexander Watts, PhD, Andrea Thomas-Bachli, PhD, Carmen Huber, MSA, Moritz U G Kraemer, DPhil
J Travel Med, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 2020, taaa011, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa011
An epidemic of a novel coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China, in late December 2019 and has since spread to several large Chinese cities. Should a scenario arise where this coronavirus spreads more broadly across China, we evaluate how patterns of international disease transmission could change.

In emergencies, health research must go beyond public engagement toward a true partnership with those affected

Nature Medicine
Volume 26 Issue 3, March 2020
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/26/issues/3

 

Comment | 28 January 2020
In emergencies, health research must go beyond public engagement toward a true partnership with those affected
An Ebola virus outbreak taking place in the complex political and social context of The Democratic Republic of the Congo has forced the research community to reflect on their approach to community engagement. Katharine Wright and Michael Parker, on behalf of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics Working Group on research in global health emergencies, say that those affected need to influence research choices from the very beginning and that the value of their knowledge must be recognized.
Katharine Wright, Michael Parker[…] & Paulina Tindana

The Dishonesty of Informed Consent Rituals

New England Journal of Medicine
March 19, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 12
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

 

Perspective
The Dishonesty of Informed Consent Rituals
Matt Bivens, M.D.
Out of respect for patient autonomy, we ritually inform patients of self-evident risks, even as we mock the very idea of informed consent by routinely prescribing combined medications that we must know will cost 10 times as much as the separate components.

Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination with a high-density microarray patch: Results from a randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

 

Research Article
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination with a high-density microarray patch: Results from a randomized, controlled phase I clinical trial
Angus H. Forster, Katey Witham, Alexandra C. I. Depelsenaire, Margaret Veitch, James W. Wells, Adam Wheatley, Melinda Pryor, Jason D. Lickliter, Barbara Francis, Steve Rockman, Jesse Bodle, Peter Treasure, Julian Hickling, Germain J. P. Fernando
Research Article | published 17 Mar 2020 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003024

Immunogenicity of a killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 21 Mar 2020)

 

Immunogenicity of a killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Fahima Chowdhury, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Afroza Akter, Md Saruar Bhuiyan, Ashraful Islam Khan, Motaher Hossain, Imam Tauheed, Tasnuva Ahmed, Shaumik Islam, Tanzeem Ahmed Rafique, Shah Alam Siddique, Nabila Binta Harun, Khaleda Islam, John D. Clemens, Firdausi Qadri
Research Article | published 16 Mar 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007989
Abstract
After the large influx of Rohingya nationals (termed Forcibly Displaced Myanmar National; FDMN) from Rakhine State of Myanmar to Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh, it was apparent that outbreaks of cholera was very likely in this setting where people were living under adverse water and sanitation conditions. Large campaigns of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) were carried out as a preemptive measure to control cholera epidemics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune responses of healthy adults and children after administration of two doses of OCV at 14 days interval in FDMN population and compare with the response observed in Bangladeshi’s vaccinated earlier. A cross-sectional immunogenicity study was conducted among FDMNs of three age cohort; in adults (18+years; n = 83), in older children (6–17 years; n = 63) and in younger children (1–5 years; n = 80). Capillary blood was collected at three time points to measure vibriocidal antibodies using either plasma or dried blood spot (DBS) specimens. There was a significant increase of responder frequency of vibriocidal antibody titer at day 14 in all groups for Vibrio cholerae O1 (Ogawa/Inaba: adults-64%/64%, older children-70%/89% and younger children-51%/75%). There was no overall difference of vibriocidal antibody titer between FDMN and Bangladeshi population at baseline (p = 0.07–0.08) and at day 14, day 28 in all age groups for both serotypes. The seroconversion rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) of either serotype were comparable using both plasma and DBS specimens. These results showed that OCV is capable of inducing robust immune responses in adults and children among the FDMN population which is comparable to that seen in Bangladeshi participants in different age groups or that reported from other cholera endemic countries. Our results also suggest that the displaced population were exposed to V. cholerae prior to seeking shelter in Bangladesh.

Knowledge gaps and acquisition about HPV and its vaccine among Brazilian medical students

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 21 Mar 2020]

 

Knowledge gaps and acquisition about HPV and its vaccine among Brazilian medical students
Annielson de Souza Costa, Jéssica Menezes Gomes, Ana Cláudia Camargo Gonçalves Germani, Matheus Reis da Silva, Edige Felipe de Sousa Santos, José Maria Soares Júnior, Edmund Chada Baracat, Isabel Cristina Esposito Sorpreso
Research Article | published 19 Mar 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230058

Clinical trials of drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (RPSP/PAJPH)
https://www.paho.org/journal/en

 

Latest articles
20 Mar 2020
Clinical trials of drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment
Brief communication | English |
Rosa and Santos
The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed in December 2019 about a coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). Subsequently, on March 12, 2020, 125,048 cases and 4,614 deaths were reported. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus, from the genus Betacoronavirus, that is distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. WHO has named the novel coronavirus disease as COVID-19. More than 80 clinical trials have been launched to test coronavirus treatment, including some drug repurposing or repositioning for COVID-19. Hence, we performed a search in March 2020 of the clinicaltrials.gov database. The eligibility criteria for the retrieved studies were: contain a clinicaltrials.gov base identifier number; describe the number of participants and the period for the study; describe the participants’ clinical conditions; and utilize interventions with medicines already studied or approved for any other disease in patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). It is essential to emphasize that this article only captured trials listed in the clinicaltrials.gov database. We identified 24 clinical trials, involving more than 20 medicines, such as human immunoglobulin, interferons, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, bevacizumab, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Although drug repurposing has some limitations, repositioning clinical trials may represent an attractive strategy because they facilitate the discovery of new classes of medicines; they have lower costs and take less time to reach the market; and there are existing pharmaceutical supply chains for formulation and distribution.

Time for NIH to lead on data sharing

Science
20 March 2020 Vol 367, Issue 6484
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

Special Issue: Antarctica
Policy Forum
Time for NIH to lead on data sharing
By Ida Sim, Michael Stebbins, Barbara E. Bierer, Atul J. Butte, Jeffrey Drazen, Victor Dzau, Adrian F. Hernandez, Harlan M. Krumholz, Bernard Lo, Bernard Munos, Eric Perakslis, Frank Rockhold, Joseph S. Ross, Sharon F. Terry, Keith R. Yamamoto, Deborah A. Zarin, Rebecca Li
Science20 Mar 2020 : 1308-1309 Full Access
A draft policy is generally supportive but should start mandating data sharing
Summary
The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), the largest global funder of biomedical research, is in the midst of digesting public comments toward finalizing a data sharing policy. Although the draft policy is generally supportive of data sharing (1), it needs strengthening if we are to collectively achieve a long-standing vision of open science built on the principles of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) (2) data sharing. Relying on investigators to voluntarily share data has not, thus far, led to widespread open science practices (3); thus, we suggest steps that NIH could take to lead on scientific data sharing, with an initial focus on clinical trial data sharing.

Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes

Science
20 March 2020 Vol 367, Issue 6484
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

 

Research Articles
Insights into human genetic variation and population history from 929 diverse genomes
By Anders Bergström, Shane A. McCarthy, Ruoyun Hui, Mohamed A. Almarri, Qasim Ayub, Petr Danecek, Yuan Chen, Sabine Felkel, Pille Hallast, Jack Kamm, Hélène Blanché, Jean-François Deleuze, Howard Cann, Swapan Mallick, David Reich, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Pontus Skoglund, Aylwyn Scally, Yali Xue, Richard Durbin, Chris Tyler-Smith
Science20 Mar 2020 Restricted Access
Genomes from diverse human populations record human genetic diversity and illuminate the history of our species.
Genomes from around the globe
Genomic sequencing of diverse human populations to understand overall genetic diversity has lagged behind in-depth examination of specific populations. To add to our understanding of human genetic diversity, Bergström et al. generated whole-genome sequences surveying individuals in the Human Genome Diversity Project, which is a panel of global populations that has been instrumental in understanding the history of human populations. The authors’ study adds data about African, Oceanian, and Amerindian populations and indicates that diversity tends to result from differences at the single-nucleotide level rather than copy number variation. An analysis of archaic sequences in modern populations identifies ancestral genetic variation in African populations that likely predates modern humans and has been lost in most non-African populations.

Priorities for developing respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in different target populations

Science Translational Medicine
18 March 2020 Vol 12, Issue 535
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

 

Review
Priorities for developing respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in different target populations
By Simon B. Drysdale, Rachael S. Barr, Christine S. Rollier, Christopher A. Green, Andrew J. Pollard, Charles J. Sande
Science Translational Medicine18 Mar 2020 Restricted Access
About 38 candidate vaccines and monoclonal antibodies are in clinical development for treating respiratory syncytial virus in different populations.

Strong vaccine responses during chemotherapy are associated with prolonged cancer survival

Science Translational Medicine
18 March 2020 Vol 12, Issue 535
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

 

Research Articles
Strong vaccine responses during chemotherapy are associated with prolonged cancer survival
By Cornelis J. M. Melief, Marij J. P. Welters, Ignace Vergote, Judith R. Kroep, Gemma G. Kenter, Petronella B. Ottevanger, Wiebren A. A. Tjalma, Hannelore Denys, Mariette I. E. van Poelgeest, Hans W. Nijman, Anna K. L. Reyners, Thierry Velu, Frederic Goffin, Roy I. Lalisang, Nikki M. Loof, Sanne Boekestijn, Willem Jan Krebber, Leon Hooftman, Sonja Visscher, Brent A. Blumenstein, Richard B. Stead, Winald Gerritsen, Sjoerd H. van der Burg
Science Translational Medicine18 Mar 2020 Full Access
A strong vaccine-induced T cell response during standard-of-care chemotherapy correlates with survival in patients with advanced cervical cancer.

Tdap vaccination during pregnancy interrupts a twenty-year increase in the incidence of pertussis

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 12 Pages 2643-2748 (10 March 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/12

 

Research article Abstract only
Tdap vaccination during pregnancy interrupts a twenty-year increase in the incidence of pertussis
Dean Langsam, Emilia Anis, Eric J. Haas, Ruslan Gosinov, … Dan Yamin
Pages 2700-2706