Clinical Trials
Volume 17 Issue 1, February 2020
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ctja/17/1

Data Management and Trial Conduct
A randomized evaluation of on-site monitoring nested in a multinational randomized trial
Nicole Wyman Engen, Kathy Huppler Hullsiek, Waldo H Belloso, Elizabeth Finley, Fleur Hudson, Eileen Denning, Catherine Carey, Mary Pearson, Jonathan Kaganfor the INSIGHT START Study Group
First Published October 24, 2019; pp. 3–14

Clinical Trials
Volume 17 Issue 1, February 2020
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ctja/17/1

Short Communications
A third trial oversight committee: Functions, benefits and issues
J Athene Lane, Carrol Gamble, William J Cragg, Doreen Tembo, Matthew R Sydes
First Published October 30, 2019; pp. 106–112

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 1 Feb 2020]

Exempting low-risk health and medical research from ethics reviews: comparing Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Netherlands
Disproportionate regulation of health and medical research contributes to research waste. Better understanding of exemptions of research from ethics review in different jurisdictions may help to guide modification of review processes and reduce research waste. Our aim was to identify examples of low-risk human health and medical research exempt from ethics reviews in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Netherlands.

Authors: Anna Mae Scott, Simon Kolstoe, M. C. ( Corrette) Ploem, Zoë Hammatt and Paul Glasziou
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:11
Content type: Research
Published on: 28 January 2020

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 76, January 2020
https://odihpn.org/magazine/the-crisis-in-yemen/

The Crisis in Yemen
by HPN
This edition of Humanitarian Exchange focuses on the crisis in Yemen. Since the war there began in 2014, thousands of civilians have been killed or injured and air strikes and ground operations have destroyed hospitals, schools and critical infrastructure. An estimated 80% of Yemenis need humanitarian assistance.

In the lead article, Laurie Lee highlights the critical role Yemenis and Yemeni organisations are playing in addressing the humanitarian challenges in the country, and how NGOs can better support them. Genevieve Gauthier and Marcus Skinner reinforce this point with reference to two local organisations, the Yemen Women’s Union and Al Hikma. Warda Saleh, the founder of another Yemeni grassroots organisation, discusses the increased risk of gender-based violence facing women and girls, while Ibrahim Jalal and Sherine El Taraboulsi-McCarthy focus on internal displacement and the opportunities for a more effective humanitarian response. Reflecting on child protection programming in Yemen, Mohammed Alshamaa  and Amanda Brydon conclude that multisectoral approaches with local authorities result in better and more sustainable outcomes. Padraic McCluskey and Jana Brandt consider the ethical dilemmas Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) faced in trying to balance quality and coverage in a mother and child hospital in Taiz. Lindsay Spainhour Baker and colleagues reflect on the challenges involved in gathering and analysing information on the humanitarian situation while Lamis Al-Iryani, Sikandra Kurdi and Sarah Palmer-Felgate discuss the findings from an evaluation of the Yemen Social Fund for Development (SFD) Cash for Nutrition programme. An article by Kristine Beckerle and Osamah Al-Fakih details Yemeni and international organisations’ efforts to document and mitigate harm to civilians caught up in the conflict. The edition ends with a piece by Fanny Pettibon, Anica Heinlein and Dhabie Brown outlining CARE’s advocacy on the arms trade.

Finally, readers will note that this edition is shorter than usual, largely because it was very difficult to persuade potential authors to write on the Yemen crisis. Many of the individuals and organisations we contacted were either too busy responding or were concerned that writing frankly about their work could negatively affect their operations. HPN has covered many similarly sensitive contexts in Humanitarian Exchange over the last 26 years, but this is the first time we have experienced such reluctance to engage. A worrying sign.

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

[Accessed 1 Feb 2020]

Neglected tropical diseases: an effective global response to local poverty-related disease priorities
Marking the end of the five-year programme initiated by the Chinese Government to lift more than 70 million people out of poverty, the year 2020 is a milestone. Poverty alleviation has moved strongly forward i…
Authors: Dirk Engels and Xiao-Nong Zhou
Content type: Scoping Review
28 January 2020

JAMA
January 28, 2020, Vol 323, No. 4, Pages 295-386
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
DNA-Based Population ScreeningPotential Suitability and Important Knowledge Gaps
Michael F. Murray, MD; James P. Evans, MD, PhD; Muin J. Khoury, MD, PhD
JAMA. 2020;323(4):307-308. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.18640
This Viewpoint describes principles of DNA-based population screening and knowledge gaps that must be addressed before increased use of DNA screening to identify persons with monogenic risk can be implemented in population screening programs.

JAMA
January 28, 2020, Vol 323, No. 4, Pages 295-386
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Strategic Need for Large Prospective Studies in Different Populations
Zhengming Chen, DPhil; Jonathan Emberson, MD; Rory Collins, MBBS
JAMA. 2020;323(4):309-310. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.19736
This Viewpoint emphasizes the ability of prospective vs retrospective cohort and case-control studies to reliably identify disease risk factors in populations and discusses the need to collect detailed information about lifestyle and other exposures from large numbers of individuals in various settings with different risk factor levels and disease incidence rates to provide more widely generalizable evidence about the relevance of human exposures to different health conditions.

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/1

Editor’s Choice
Searching for Improved Flu Vaccines—The Time Is Now
Robert L Atmar, Wendy A Keitel
J Infect Dis, Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020, Pages 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz545

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/1

Editor’s Choice
Vaccinating Mothers to Protect Their Babies Against Influenza
Cheryl Cohen, Marta C Nunes
J Infect Dis, Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020, Pages 5–7, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz387

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/221/1

Editor’s Choice
Assessment of Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy in Preventing Influenza Infection in Infants in England, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015
Jemma L Walker, Hongxin Zhao, Gavin Dabrera, Nick Andrews, Sarah L Thomas …
J Infect Dis, Volume 221, Issue 1, 1 January 2020, Pages 16–20, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz310
We show that maternal influenza vaccination provides significant protection for infants in the first 6 months of life against influenza-related hospitalization in both the A(H1N1)pdm09– and A(H3N2)–dominated seasons.

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
Volume 7, Issue 1 (2020)
https://digitalrepository.aurorahealthcare.org/jpcrr/

Quality Improvement
Enhancing Immunization Rates in Two Urban Academic Primary Care Clinics: A Before and After Assessment
Zeeshan Yacoob, Christopher Cook, Fabiana Kotovicz, Jessica J.F. Kram, Marianne Klumph, Marisa Stanley, Paul Hunter, and Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/
[Accessed 1 Feb 2020]

Abstracts from the 1st JoPPP Conference on Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
Authors: Salman Mehmood, Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan, Chinara Maratovna Razzakova, Liliya Eugenevna Ziganshina, Azjargal Ganbat, Tsetsegmaa Sanjjav, Bruce Sunderland, Gantuya Dorj, Gereltuya Dorj, Satibi Satibi, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Hardika Aditama, Ika Kartini, Rini Ambarsari, Fajar Pramesti, Peng Yeow Loh…
Content type: Meeting abstracts
29 January 2020

The Lancet
Feb 01, 2020 Volume 395Number 10221p311-388, e16-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Editorial
Emerging understandings of 2019-nCoV
The Lancet
“There is an emergency in China, but it has not yet become a global health emergency…WHO is following this outbreak every minute of every day”, said Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, on Jan 23. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak is emerging, but it is not yet a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). As we went to press, more than 500 cases have been confirmed in China, as well as in Japan, South Korea, Thailand, and the US. The virus can cause a severe respiratory illness, like SARS and MERS, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed. These characteristics are driving China’s urgent public health actions, as well as international concern. But much remains unknown. The pieces of the puzzle that is 2019-nCoV are only now beginning to come together.

Today, we publish the first clinical data from individuals confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV from Wuhan, China. Chaolin Huang and colleagues provide comprehensive findings for the first 41 laboratory-confirmed cases. 27 of these 41 cases had direct exposure to the Wuhan seafood market that is thought to be the initial site of infection from an animal source. All had viral pneumonia. The severity of illness is concerning: almost a third of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care; six patients died; five had acute cardiac injury; and four required ventilation.

Separately, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan and colleagues report clinical and microbiological data from a family of six people who had travelled to Wuhan and later presented with pneumonia to Shenzhen Hospital in Guangdong province. Five were identified as infected with 2019-nCoV. Notably, none had been to the Wuhan market, but two had visited a Wuhan hospital. The authors suggest these findings confirm human-to-human transmission. Together, these Articles provide an important initial picture of the clinical spectrum and transmission of this new disease.

In an accompanying Comment, Chen Wang, George Gao, and colleagues describe the early sharing of clinical data from the outbreak and emphasise the urgent need for more information about pathogenesis and viral transmission, as well as the pressing need to develop best supportive care and a vaccine. They also caution against overstating the mortality risk, as early reported case-fatality rates may be high due to bias towards detecting severe cases. As David Heymann reflects in another accompanying Comment, publication of these Articles provides peer-reviewed information urgently needed to refine the risk assessment and response, which are happening in real time.

China has quickly isolated and sequenced the virus and shared these data internationally. The lessons from the SARS epidemic—where China was insufficiently prepared to implement infection control practices—have been successfully learned. By most accounts, Chinese authorities are meeting international standards and isolating suspected cases and contacts, developing diagnostic and treatment procedures, and implementing public education campaigns. Dr Tedros has praised China for its transparency, data sharing, and quick response. Likewise, WHO has reacted fast and diligently. Despite massive attention and conjecture about the level of threat posed by 2019-nCoV, and whether WHO should declare a PHEIC, the agency’s emergency committee has not bowed to pressure to take such a decision until necessary. We commend WHO for its resilience.

There are still many gaps in our understanding. The early experiences of these patients and the response to their symptoms before cases were reported remain undocumented. The exposure and possible infection of health workers remain extremely worrying. We will not know for some time the consequences of the quarantine imposed in Wuhan on Jan 23, 2020. Chinese public health authorities are under enormous pressure to make difficult decisions with an incomplete, and rapidly changing, understanding of the epidemic. The shutdowns may seem a drastic step—whether they represent an effective control measure deserves careful investigation and much will likely depend on maintaining trust between authorities and the local population. News media that worsen fears by reporting a “killer virus“ only harm efforts to implement a succesful and safe infection control strategy.

Openness and sharing of data are paramount. There are enormous demands for rapid access to information about this new virus, the patients and communities affected, and the response. But equally crucial is the need to ensure that those data are reliable, accurate, and independently scrutinised. As for all public health emergencies, we will be making all related Lancet content fully and freely available.

The Lancet
Feb 01, 2020 Volume 395Number 10221p311-388, e16-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Comment
Trial results reporting: FDA Amendments Act Final Rule needs enforcement
Erik von Elm, Joerg J Meerpohl

The Lancet
Feb 01, 2020 Volume 395Number 10221p311-388, e16-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Lancet Migration: global collaboration to advance migration health
Miriam Orcutt, Paul Spiegel, Bernadette Kumar, Ibrahim Abubakar, Jocalyn Clark, Richard Horton on behalf of Lancet Migration

The Lancet
Feb 01, 2020 Volume 395Number 10221p311-388, e16-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Compliance with legal requirement to report clinical trial results on ClinicalTrials.gov: a cohort study
Nicholas J DeVito, Seb Bacon, Ben Goldacre

The Lancet
Feb 01, 2020 Volume 395Number 10221p311-388, e16-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Viewpoint
The complex challenges of HIV vaccine development require renewed and expanded global commitment
Linda-Gail Bekker, er al
Despite substantial progress in understanding and treating HIV/AIDS, existing tools have not effectively controlled the epidemic, and the potential threat of resurgence looms as the largest cohort of young people in history enters early adulthood. ¹ Treatment alone will not end the epidemic. ² ,  ³ ,  ⁴ The International AIDS Society – Lancet Commission ¹ recommends that global treatment efforts should be complemented with stronger investments in primary prevention, including research to accelerate the development of a preventive vaccine. Indeed, even a partially effective vaccine could help to change the course of the HIV epidemic and have a substantial public health impact. ⁵ ,  ⁶ ,  ⁷ ,  ⁸

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

High cholera vaccination coverage following emergency campaign in Haiti: Results from a cluster survey in three rural Communes in the South Department, 2017
Ashley Sharp, Alexandre Blake, Jérôme Backx, Isabella Panunzi, Robert Barrais, Fabienne Nackers, Francisco Luquero, Yves Gaston Deslouches, Sandra Cohuet
Research Article | published 31 Jan 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007967
Author summary
After Hurricane Matthew hit Southern Haiti on October 4, 2016, there was an outbreak of Cholera. The Government launched a campaign to vaccinate residents using an oral vaccine, which has been proven to protect people against the disease. MSF supported the campaign in three rural areas, offering the vaccine in local clinics and going from door to door. We didn’t know how many people were living there at the time so we couldn’t say for sure if we had vaccinated enough people. To find out how many people were vaccinated we did a survey, choosing households at random and asking them if and where they received the vaccine. This showed that on average around 90% of people were vaccinated, which is a very high proportion. We can take encouragement from this that mass vaccination campaigns like this can work well, even in rural settings. Our survey showed that about half of people got their vaccine from a clinic and the other half from door-to-door vaccinators, so it’s probably important to use both approaches. Most people heard about the campaign through members of the local community called ‘criers’. This shows how important it is to engage with the local community during a vaccination campaign.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

What constitutes a neglected tropical disease?
Peter J. Hotez, Serap Aksoy, Paul J. Brindley, Shaden Kamhawi
Editorial | published 30 Jan 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008001
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) currently classifies 20 diseases and conditions as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). However, since its inception in 2007, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases has considered an expanded list that includes additional diseases with the chronic and/or debilitating, and poverty-promoting features of NTDs. Described here is an update of our current scope, which attempts to embrace all of the NTDs, and a discussion of the status of some of the more debated medical conditions in terms of whether or not they constitute an NTD.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

World neglected tropical diseases day
Peter J. Hotez, Serap Aksoy, Paul J. Brindley, Shaden Kamhawi
Editorial | published 29 Jan 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007999

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

When money talks: Judging risk and coercion in high-paying clinical trials
Christina Leuker, Lasare Samartzidis, Ralph Hertwig, Timothy J. Pleskac
Research Article | published 31 Jan 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227898
Abstract
Millions of volunteers take part in clinical trials every year. This is unsurprising, given that clinical trials are often much more lucrative than other types of unskilled work. When clinical trials offer very high pay, however, some people consider them repugnant. To understand why, we asked 1,428 respondents to evaluate a hypothetical medical trial for a new Ebola vaccine offering three different payment amounts. Some respondents (27%) used very high pay (£10,000) as a cue to infer the potential risks the clinical trial posed. These respondents were also concerned that offering £10,000 was coercive— simply too profitable to pass up. Both perceived risk and coercion in high-paying clinical trials shape how people evaluate these trials. This result was robust within and between respondents. The link between risk and repugnance may generalize to other markets in which parties are partially remunerated for the risk they take and contributes to a more complete understanding of why some market transactions appear repugnant.

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

The cost-effectiveness of using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) versus pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), in South African adults
Charles Feldman, Sipho K. Dlamini, Shabir A. Madhi, Susan Meiring, Anne von Gottberg, Janetta C. de Beer, Margreet de Necker, Marthinus P. Stander
Research Article | published 29 Jan 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227945

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

Impact of maternal dTpa vaccination on the incidence of pertussis in young infants
Frederico Friedrich, Maria Clara Valadão, Marcos Brum, Talitha Comaru, Paulo Márcio Pitrez, Marcus Herbert Jones, Leonardo A. Pinto, Marcelo C. Scotta
Research Article | published 28 Jan 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228022

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
[Accessed 1 Feb 2020]

The unreasonable effectiveness of deep learning in artificial intelligence
Terrence J. Sejnowski
PNAS first published January 28, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907373117
Abstract
Deep learning networks have been trained to recognize speech, caption photographs, and translate text between languages at high levels of performance. Although applications of deep learning networks to real-world problems have become ubiquitous, our understanding of why they are so effective is lacking. These empirical results should not be possible according to sample complexity in statistics and nonconvex optimization theory. However, paradoxes in the training and effectiveness of deep learning networks are being investigated and insights are being found in the geometry of high-dimensional spaces. A mathematical theory of deep learning would illuminate how they function, allow us to assess the strengths and weaknesses of different network architectures, and lead to major improvements. Deep learning has provided natural ways for humans to communicate with digital devices and is foundational for building artificial general intelligence. Deep learning was inspired by the architecture of the cerebral cortex and insights into autonomy and general intelligence may be found in other brain regions that are essential for planning and survival, but major breakthroughs will be needed to achieve these goals.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (RPSP/PAJPH)
https://www.paho.org/journal/en

Latest articles
27 Jan 2020
A comparison of national essential medicines lists in the Americas
Original research | English |
Abstract
Objectives.
To compare national essential medicines lists (NEMLs) from countries in the Region of the Americas and to identify potential opportunities for improving those lists.
Methods.
In June of 2017, NEMLs from 31 countries in the Americas were abstracted from documents included in a World Health Organization (WHO) repository. The lists from the Americas were compared to each other and to NEMLs from outside of the Americas, as well as with the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 20th edition (“WHO Model List”) and the list of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Regional Revolving Fund for Strategic Public Health Supplies (“Strategic Fund”).
Results.
The number of differences between the NEMLs from the Americas and the WHO Model List were similar within those countries (median: 295; interquartile range (IQR): 265 to 347). The NEMLs from the Americas were generally similar to each other. While the NEMLs from the Americas coincided well with the Strategic Fund list, some medicines were not included on any of those NEMLs. All the NEMLs in the Americas included some medicines that were withdrawn due to adverse effects by a national regulatory body (median: 8 withdrawn medicines per NEML; IQR: 4 to 12).
Conclusions.
The NEMLs in the Americas were fairly similar to each other and to the WHO Model List and the Strategic Fund list. However, some areas of treatment and some specific medicines were identified that the countries should reassess when revising their NEMLs.

Science Translational Medicine
29 January 2020 Vol 12, Issue 528
https://stm.sciencemag.org/

Research Articles
Mapping global variation in dengue transmission intensity
By Lorenzo Cattarino, Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer, Natsuko Imai, Derek A. T. Cummings, Neil M. Ferguson
Science Translational Medicine29 Jan 2020 Restricted Access
A downloadable high-resolution map of global dengue transmission intensity helps predict the potential impact of control strategies.

Tropical Medicine & International Health
Volume 25, Issue 1 Pages: i-iv, 1-141, e1-e13 January 2020
Special Issue: Adolescent Health in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Original Articles
The age of opportunity: prevalence of key risk factors among adolescents 10–19 years of age in nine communities in sub‐Saharan Africa
Yemane Berhane et al
Pages: 15-32
First Published: 07 November 2019

Tropical Medicine & International Health
Volume 25, Issue 1 Pages: i-iv, 1-141, e1-e13 January 2020
Special Issue: Adolescent Health in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Issue Edited by: Justine Nnakate Bukenya, Chelsey R. Canavan, Till Barnighausen, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Editorial
Strengthening our knowledge base and research capacity for improved adolescent health in sub‐Saharan Africa: a South–South–North collaboration
Justine Nnakate Bukenya et al
Pages: 2-4
First Published: 27 November 2019

Tropical Medicine & International Health
Volume 25, Issue 1 Pages: i-iv, 1-141, e1-e13 January 2020
Special Issue: Adolescent Health in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Sexual and reproductive health knowledge among adolescents in eight sites across sub‐Saharan Africa
Jocelyn E. Finlay et al
Pages: 44-53
First Published: 05 November 2019

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Comparison of the implementation of human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination programs in the United States: Implications for future vaccines
Catherine Constable, Arthur Caplan
Pages 954-962

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Research article Open access
Using models to shape measles control and elimination strategies in low- and middle-income countries: A review of recent applications
F.T. Cutts, E. Dansereau, M.J. Ferrari, M. Hanson, … A.K. Winter

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Barriers to healthcare workers reporting adverse events following immunization in four regions of Ghana
Jane F. Gidudu, Anna Shaum, Alex Dodoo, Samuel Bosomprah, … Hilda H. Ampadu

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Sexual behaviors and intention for cervical screening among HPV-vaccinated young Chinese females
Gilbert T. Chua, Frederick K. Ho, Keith T. Tung, Rosa S. Wong, … Patrick Ip

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Using classification and regression tree analysis to explore parental influenza vaccine decisions
Yuki Lama, Gregory R. Hancock, Vicki S. Freimuth, Amelia M. Jamison, Sandra Crouse Quinn

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Research article Open access
Decision-making about HPV vaccination in parents of boys and girls: A population-based survey in England and Wales
Jo Waller, Alice Forster, Mairead Ryan, Rebecca Richards, … Laura Marlow

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Governing off-label vaccine use: An environmental scan of the Global National Immunization Technical Advisory Group Network
Karina A. Top, Abdoulreza Esteghamati, Melissa Kervin, Louise Henaff, … Noni E. MacDonald

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Financial cost analysis of a strategy to improve the quality of administrative vaccination data in Uganda
Kirsten Ward, Kevin Mugenyi, Adam MacNeil, Henry Luzze, … Sarah W. Pallas

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Strengthening national teams of experts to support HPV vaccine introduction in Eastern Mediterranean countries: Lessons learnt and recommendations from an international workshop
Carine Dochez, Salah Al Awaidy, Ezzeddine Mohsni, Kamal Fahmy, Mohammed Bouskraoui

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Vaccine hesitancy and self-vaccination behaviors among nurses in southeastern France
Rose Wilson, Anna Zaytseva, Aurélie Bocquier, Amale Nokri, … Pierre Verger

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Research article Open access
Religious affiliation and immunization coverage in 15 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
Janaína Calu Costa, Ann M. Weber, Gary L. Darmstadt, Safa Abdalla, Cesar G. Victora

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

Review article Abstract only
Children vaccination coverage surveys: Impact of multiple sources of information and multiple contact attempts
Marilou Kiely, Nicole Boulianne, Denis Talbot, Manale Ouakki, … Gaston De Serres

Vaccine
Volume 38, Issue 5 Pages 951-1276 (29 January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/38/issue/5

History of Vaccinology paper
Review article Abstract only
Pertussis vaccines: The first hundred years
Nicole Guiso, Bruce D. Meade, Carl Heinz Wirsing von König

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

Open Access Article
Assessment of the Clinical and Economic Impact of Different Immunization Protocols of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in Internationally Adopted Children
by Sara Boccalini , Angela Bechini , Cecilia Maria Alimenti , Paolo Bonanni , Luisa Galli and Elena Chiappini
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010060 (registering DOI) – 01 Feb 2020
Abstract
The appropriate immunization of internationally adopted children (IAC) is currently under debate and different approaches have been suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of different strategies of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) immunization in IAC in Italy. A decision analysis model was developed to compare three strategies: presumptive immunization, pre-vaccination serotesting and vaccination based on documentation of previous immunization. Main outcomes were the cost of strategy, number of protected IAC, and cost per child protected against MMRV. Moreover, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. The strategy currently recommended in Italy (immunize based on documentation) is less expensive. On the other hand, the pre-vaccination serotesting strategy against MMRV together, improves outcomes with a minimum cost increase, compared with the presumptive immunization strategy and compared with the comparator strategy. From a cost-effectiveness point of view, vaccination based on serotesting results in being the most advantageous strategy compared to presumptive vaccination. By applying a chemiluminescent immunoassay test, the serology strategy resulted to be clinically and economically advantageous. Similar results were obtained excluding children aged <1 year for both serology methods. In conclusion, based on our analyses, considering MMRV vaccine, serotesting strategy appears to be the preferred option in IAC.

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

Open Access Article
The Impact of School and After-School Friendship Networks on Adolescent Vaccination Behavior
by Daniele Mascia , Valentina Iacopino , Emanuela Maria Frisicale , Antonia Iacovelli , Stefania Boccia and Andrea Poscia
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010055 – 29 Jan 2020
Abstract
Psychological and social characteristics of individuals are important determinants of their health choices and behaviors. Social networks represent “pipes” through which information and opinions circulate and spread out in the social circle surrounding individuals, influencing their propensity toward important health care interventions. This paper aims to explore the relationship between students’ vaccination health choices and their social networks. We administered a questionnaire to students to collect data on individual students’ demographics, knowledge, and attitudes about vaccinations, as well as their social networks. Forty-nine pupils belonging to 4 classrooms in an Italian secondary school were enrolled in the study. We applied a logistic regression quadratic assignment procedure (LR-QAP) by regressing students’ positive responsive behavior similarity as a dependent variable. LRQAP findings indicate that students’ vaccination behavior similarity is significantly associated with after-school social ties and related social mechanisms, suggesting that pupils are more likely to share information and knowledge about health behaviors through social relationships maintained after school hours rather than through those established during the school day. Moreover, we found that vaccination behaviors are more similar for those students having the same ethnicity as well as for those belonging to the same class. Our findings may help policymakers in implementing effective vaccination strategies

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 1 Feb 2020)

Open Access Article
Determining Factors for Pertussis Vaccination Policy: A Study in Five EU Countries
by Anabelle Wong , Annick Opinel , Simon Jean-Baptiste Combes , Julie Toubiana and Sylvain Brisse
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010046 – 26 Jan 2020
Viewed by 278
Abstract
Pertussis vaccination policy varies across Europe, not only in the type of vaccine—whole cell (wP) vs. acellular (aP1/2/3/5)—but also in the schedule and recommendation for parents. This study aims to investigate the determining factors for the type of vaccine, immunization schedule and maternal immunization recommendation. From March to May 2019, experts in national health agencies and major academic or research institutions from Denmark, France, Poland, Sweden and the UK were invited to a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts using a codebook formulated by three coders. Inter-coder agreement was assessed. Fifteen expert interviews were conducted. The identified driving factors for pertussis vaccine policy were classified into three domains: scientific factors, sociological factors, and pragmatic factors. The determining factors for the type of vaccine were prescriber’s preference, concern of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), effectiveness, and consideration of other vaccine components in combined vaccines. The determining factors for infant schedule were immunity response and the potential to improve coverage and timeliness. The determining factors for maternal immunization were infant mortality and public acceptability. To conclude, socio-political and pragmatic factors were, besides scientific factors, important in determining the pertussis vaccine type, schedule of childhood immunization and recommendations for parents

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

American Journal of Law & Medicine
First Published January 23, 2020
Research Article
Informed Consent to Vaccination: Theoretical, Legal, and Empirical Insights
Dorit Rubinstein Reiss, Nili Karako-Eyal
https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858819892745 
Abstract
Informed consent matters — so does protecting people from infectious diseases. This paper examines what the appropriate informed consent process for vaccines should look like and how the process is conceptualized by law and health authorities. Drawing on the extensive theoretical and empirical literature on informed consent and vaccination, this article sets out what an ideal informed consent process for vaccination would consist of, highlighting the need for autonomous decisions. To be autonomous, decisions need to be based on full, accessible information and reached without coercion. We suggest that the information provided must address the nature of the procedure — including benefits to the child, benefits to society, and risks. Parents should have their concerns and misconceptions addressed. The information needs to be accessible and include an opportunity to ask questions. Based on this ideal model we examined in detail the legal framework surrounding informed consent to vaccination and the process as conceptualized by health authorities in two countries, Israel and the United States, to assess whether they meet the requirements. These two countries are similar in some of their values, for example, the importance of individual autonomy, and face similar problems related to vaccine hesitancy. At the same time, there are meaningful differences in their vaccine policies and the current structures of their informed consent processes, allowing for a meaningful comparison. We found neither country met our ideal informed consent process, and suggested improvements both to the materials and to the processes used to obtain informed consent.

PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News
January 2020, Volume 845, Issue 1, pp 16–16
Clinical Study
Is adolescent immunisation for pertussis cost effective in Canada?
K Anyiwe et al
Background
Adolescent tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (Tdap) immunization helps prevent pertussis infection. Timing of Tdap receipt represents an important facet of successful adolescent pertussis immunization. Potential strategies for timing of vaccine administration are each associated with different benefits – including disease prevention – and costs. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-utility of adolescent pertussis immunization strategies in Canada.
Conclusion
Analysis assumes a policy context where immunization of pregnant women is recommended. Findings suggest that alternate adolescent Tdap vaccine strategies – either immunization of 10 year olds, or removal of the adolescent vaccine – are more cost-effective than the current practice of immunizing 14 year olds.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Ideas
Coronavirus Is Coming—And Trump Isn’t Ready
In order to combat the disease, the president will have to trust the kind of government experts he has disdained and dismissed.
January 30, 2020

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Published Date 30 Jan 2020
Coronavirus: The US laboratory developing a vaccine

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Coronavirus
The scientist leading the coronavirus vaccine race [CEPI]

Pharmaceutical companies work to repurpose existing genetic technology
January 30, 2020

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
China  
Jan 31, 2020 Snapshot
How to Prepare for a Coronavirus Pandemic
A roadmap for the worst-case scenario.
Tom Inglesby

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
What Can Be Done to Stop the Wuhan Virus
In a special conference call with subscribers, science columnist Laurie Garrett and senior editor James Palmer discuss the potential global effects of the new coronavirus.
Transcript | FP Editors

How China’s Coronavirus Is Spreading—and How to Stop It
Studies are building toward a tentative clinical profile of the outbreak.
Report | Annie Sparrow

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Coronavirus outbreak
Paranoia and frustration as China places itself under house arrest
Cities are becoming ghost towns, while at the heart of the outbreak people are being disinfected after taking the bins out
Lily Kuo, Sat 1 Feb 2020

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Health
Researchers Are Racing to Make a Coronavirus Vaccine. Will It Help?
New technology and better coordination have sped up development. But a coronavirus vaccine is still months — and most likely years — away.
By Knvul Sheikh and Katie Thomas
Jan. 28

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Governor opposes vote to overturn vaccine exemption law
AUGUSTA, Maine — Governor Janet Mills said Friday she opposes a referendum that would overturn Maine’s law eliminating religious and philosophical exemptions for vaccinations.
In a radio address, Mills, a Democrat, said she signed the law last year to better protect the health and welfare of residents across Maine.
Jan 31, 2020

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
January 31, 2020
Coronavirus and Low-Income Countries: Ready to Respond?
As the first suspected cases of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV are investigated in Ivory Coast and Angola, none of the 45 low-income countries that have undertaken a national preparedness assessment have been qualified as ready to respond.
Amanda Glassman

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
Critical Questions
The Novel Coronavirus Outbreak
January 28, 2020 |
By J. Stephen Morrison, Jude Blanchette, Scott Kennedy, Stephanie Segal

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
January 30, 2020
Health
Refuge From Disease
Mitigating potential communicable disease in refugee populations is a subset of efforts for human rights, equality, and dignity. A basic multilateral framework could improve health care in these situ…
Report by Swee Kheng Khor and David L. Heymann
January 30, 2020

Public Health Threats and Pandemics
The World Health Organization
Since its postwar founding, the UN agency has garnered both praise and criticism for its response to international public health crises.
Backgrounder by CFR.org Editors

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 1 Feb 2020
[No new relevant content]