Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

AMA Journal of Ethics
Volume 24, Number 1: E1-105 Jan 2022
https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/issue/inequity-along-medicaldental-divide

Inequity Along the Medical/Dental Divide
Dental and medical health systems in the United States have evolved as fully separate entities. This division exacerbates health inequity, since patients’ poor oral health affects their general health. The professionally entrenched view that what’s in patients’ mouths is somehow isolated from what’s going on in the rest of their bodies is one all clinicians need to resist, since this view can be a source of harm, particularly among vulnerable patients and communities. Practical and ethical strategies for better aligning medical and dental goals of care are considered in this issue.

Annals of Internal Medicine
January 2022 Volume 175, Issue 1
http://annals.org/aim/issue

Original Research
Influenza Vaccine Uptake and Missed Opportunities Among the Medicare-Covered Population With High-Risk Conditions During the 2018 to 2019 Influenza Season
A Retrospective Cohort Study
Bo-Hyun Cho, PhD, Cindy Weinbaum, MD, MPH, Yuping Tsai, PhD, Ram Koppaka, MD, PhD

Annals of Internal Medicine
January 2022 Volume 175, Issue 1
http://annals.org/aim/issue

Special Articles
Update on and Future Directions for Use of Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: National Institutes of Health Summit on Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19
FREE
César Boggiano, PhD, Robert W. Eisinger, PhD, Andrea M. Lerner, MD, James M. Anderson, MD, PhD,
… et al.
Pages:119–126

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Low incidence of COVID-19 case severity and mortality in Africa; Could malaria co-infection provide the missing link?
Despite reports of malaria and coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) co-infection, malaria-endemic regions have so far recorded fewer cases of COVID-19 and deaths from COVID-19, indicating a probable protection…
Authors: Silas Acheampong Osei, Robert Peter Biney, Alberta Serwah Anning, Lydia Nkuah Nortey and George Ghartey-Kwansah
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:78
Content type: Research
Published on: 22 January 2022

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccine surveillance study in Australian adults and children with cancer: an observational study of safety and serological and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (SerOzNET)
Cancer is associated with excess morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection by the novel pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 have been rap…
Authors: Amy Body, Elizabeth Ahern, Luxi Lal, Karen Gillett, Hesham Abdulla, Stephen Opat, Tracey O’Brien, Peter Downie, Stuart Turville, C. Mee Ling Munier, Corey Smith, C. Raina MacIntyre and Eva Segelov
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2022 22:70
Content type: Study protocol
Published on: 20 January 2022

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Humoral immune response after different SARS-CoV-2 vaccination regimens
The humoral immune response after primary immunisation with a SARS-CoV-2 vector vaccine (AstraZeneca AZD1222, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Vaxzevria) followed by an mRNA vaccine boost (Pfizer/BioNTech, BNT162b2; Moderna, …
Authors: Ruben Rose, Franziska Neumann, Olaf Grobe, Thomas Lorentz, Helmut Fickenscher and Andi Krumbholz
Citation: BMC Medicine 2022 20:31
Content type: Research article
Published on: 21 January 2022

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

COVID-19 myth-busting: an experimental study
COVID-19 misinformation is a danger to public health. A range of formats are used by health campaigns to correct beliefs but data on their effectiveness is limited. We aimed to identify A) whether three common…
Authors: Aimée Challenger, Petroc Sumner and Lewis Bott
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:131
Content type: Research article
Published on: 19 January 2022

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine and refusal to receive COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in northeastern Ethiopia
Major efforts are being made to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic using vaccines. Ethiopia began on March 13, 2021, to vaccinate healthcare workers (HCWs) for COVID-19 with the AstraZe…
Authors: Metadel Adane, Ayechew Ademas and Helmut Kloos
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:128
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 January 2022

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Association between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and generalized trust, depression, generalized anxiety, and fear of COVID-19
Although numerous studies have been published on the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, some possible predictors remain underexplored. In this study, we explored the associations of unwillingness and in…
Authors: Yoichi Sekizawa, Sora Hashimoto, Kenzo Denda, Sae Ochi and Mirai So
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:126
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 January 2022

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Examining COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes among 2SLGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted 2SLGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness. Little is known about vaccine attitudes and uptake among this population. To address this, the objectives of this…
Authors: Alex Abramovich, Nelson Pang, Sharumathy Kunasekaran, Amanda Moss, Tara Kiran and Andrew D. Pinto
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:122
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 January 2022

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Vaccination against influenza among Lebanese health care workers in the era of coronavirus disease 2019
Health-care workers (HCWs) are at a higher occupational risk of contracting and transmitting influenza. Annual vaccination is an essential tool to prevent seasonal influenza infection. However, HCWs vaccine he…
Authors: Dalal Youssef, Atika Berry, Janet Youssef and Linda Abou-Abbas
Citation: BMC Public Health 2022 22:120
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 January 2022

BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
February 2022 – Volume 27 – 1
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/27/1

Evidence synthesis
Effectiveness of tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, to inform COVID-19 diagnosis: a rapid systematic review (1 October, 2020) Free
David Jarrom, Lauren Elston, Jennifer Washington, Matthew Prettyjohns, Kimberley Cann, Susan Myles, Peter Groves

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 44, Issue 1 Pages: 1-39 January–February 2022
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

Articles Open Access
The Ethical Implications of Big Data Research in Public Health: “Big Data Ethics by Design” in the UK-REACH Study
Ruby Reed-Berendt, Edward S. Dove, Manish Pareek, on behalf of the UK-REACH Study Collaborative Group
Pages: 2-17
First Published: 22 December 2021

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 44, Issue 1 Pages: 1-39 January–February 2022
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

Articles
Biobank Participants’ Attitudes toward Requiring Understanding for Biobank Consent
T.J. Kasperbauer, Colin Halverson, Abigail Garcia, Karen K. Schmidt, Peter H. Schwartz
Pages: 18-28
First Published: 22 December 2021

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 44, Issue 1 Pages: 1-39 January–February 2022
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

 
Research Documents for Populations with Limited English Proficiency: Translation Approaches Matter
Sonia Colina, Miriam Rodríguez-Guerra, Nicole Marrone, Maia Ingram, Karla J. Navarro, Genesis Arizmendi, Laura Coco

Pages: 29-39
First Published: 22 December 2021

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 44, Issue 1 Pages: 1-39 January–February 2022
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

Articles
Biobank Participants’ Attitudes toward Requiring Understanding for Biobank Consent
T.J. Kasperbauer, Colin Halverson, Abigail Garcia, Karen K. Schmidt, Peter H. Schwartz
Pages: 18-28
First Published: 22 December 2021

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 22 Jan 2022]

Global research activity on mathematical modeling of transmission and control of 23 selected infectious disease outbreak
Mathematical analysis and modeling allow policymakers to understand and predict the dynamics of an infectious disease under several different scenarios. The current study aimed to analyze global research activity on mathematical modeling of transmission and control of several infectious diseases with a known history of serious outbreaks.
Authors: Waleed M. Sweileh
Content type: Research
21 January 2022

Health Economics, Policy and Law 
Volume 17 – Special Issue 1 – January 2022
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/health-economics-policy-and-law/latest-issue

SPECIAL ISSUE: Country Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Articles analyzing country responses in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, U.S., Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, France, Italy

Human Gene Therapy
Volume 33, Issue 1-2 / January 2022
https://www.liebertpub.com/toc/hum/33/1-2

Review Free
An Overview of Cell and Gene Therapy Development in China
Yitong Wang, Tingting Qiu, Shuyao Liang, and Mondher Toumi
Pages:14–24
Published Online:6 September 2021
https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2021.126
Abstract
China, the first country worldwide to approve a gene therapy in 2003, almost lost the advantage for a head start in cell and gene therapy (CGT) development due to a lack of clear and strict regulatory frameworks. The rapid advancements of CGTs’ development worldwide as well as their therapeutic potential have triggered the government to conduct a spate of regulatory reforms to promote normative development of CGTs in China. Encouraged by policy support, the remarkable progress for CGTs in China has been observed over the past few years, thereby catapulting China back into the forefront of CGTs worldwide. This article aims to provide an overview of regulatory reforms, the current development landscape of CGTs, as well as key contributors and challenges for CGT development in China.

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 79, May 2021
https://odihpn.org/magazine/localisation-and-local-humanitarian-action/

Localisation and local humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange is localisation+ and local humanitarian action. Five years ago this week, donors, United Nations (UN) agencies,  non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) committed within the Grand Bargain to increase multi-year investments in the institutional capacities of local and national responders, and to provide at least 25% of humanitarian funding to them as directly as possible. Since then, there is increasing consensus at policy and normative level, underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic, that local leadership should be supported.  Localisation has gone from a fringe conversation among policy-makers and aid agencies in 2016 to a formal priority under the Grand Bargain. Wider global movements on anti-racism and decolonisation have also brought new momentum to critical reflections on where power, knowledge and capacity reside in the humanitarian system. Yet progress has been slow and major gaps remain between the rhetoric around humanitarian partnerships, funding and coordination and practices on the ground.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Research Letter
Immunogenicity of Extended mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing Intervals
Brian Grunau, MD, MHSc; David M. Goldfarb, MD; Michael Asamoah-Boaheng, MPhil; et al.
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2022;327(3):279-281. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.21921
This study investigates the immunogenicity of extended mRNA vaccine dosing intervals.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children by COVID-19 Vaccination Status of Adolescents in France
Michael Levy, MD, PhD; Morgan Recher, MD, PhD; Hervé Hubert, MD, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2022;327(3):281-283. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23262
This study examines the risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among those aged 12 years or older by COVID-19 vaccination status during September 2021 and October 2021 in France.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

Viewpoint
A National Strategy for the “New Normal” of Life With COVID
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD; Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH; Celine R. Gounder, MD, ScM
free access has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2022;327(3):211-212. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24282
This Viewpoint discusses how US policy makers should address how the nation can move forward as the pandemic persists.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

A National Strategy for COVID-19 Testing, Surveillance, and Mitigation Strategies
David Michaels, PhD, MPH; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD; Rick A. Bright, PhD
free access has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2022;327(3):213-214. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24168
This Viewpoint discusses the areas on which the US needs to improve its public health infrastructure in order to reduce COVID-19 transmission and achieve a “new normal”: testing, surveillance, masking, and ventilation.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

A National Strategy for COVID-19 Medical Countermeasures Vaccines and Therapeutics
Luciana L. Borio, MD; Rick A. Bright, PhD; Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD
free access has multimedia has audio
JAMA. 2022;327(3):215-216. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24165
This Viewpoint proposes a multistep plan that US can implement to achieve a “new normal” of living, in which the combined risk of all viral respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, does not exceed the risk during prepandemic years.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

The First 2 Years of COVID-19Lessons to Improve Preparedness for the Next Pandemic
Jennifer B. Nuzzo, DrPH, SM; Lawrence O. Gostin, JD
free access
JAMA. 2022;327(3):217-218. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24394
This Viewpoint examines the lessons that the COVID-19 pandemic can provide public health institutions and health care personnel to advance preparedness, detection, and response regarding future pandemics.

JAMA
January 18, 2022, Vol 327, No. 3, Pages 199-294
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

The Pandemic Preparedness ProgramReimagining Public Health
Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS; I. Glenn Cohen, JD
free access
JAMA. 2022;327(3):219-220. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23656
This Viewpoint reviews the leading objectives of the pandemic preparedness proposal, discusses the outcome of comparable past federal efforts, and emphasizes the imperative of intragovernmental coordination.

JAMA Network
COVID-19 Update January 22, 2022

These articles on COVID-19 were published across the JAMA Network in the last week.

Journal of Travel Medicine
Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2022
https://academic.oup.com/jtm/issue

Editor’s Choice
A disease severity scale for the evaluation of vaccine and other preventive or therapeutic interventions for travellers’ diarrhoea
Nicole Maier, PhD, Mark S Riddle, MD, DrPH, Ramiro Gutiérrez, MD, Jamie A Fraser, MPH, Patrick Connor, MD …
Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2022, taab139, https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab139

The Lancet
Jan 22, 2022 Volume 399 Number 10322 p335-410
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Editorial
Antimicrobial resistance: time to repurpose the Global Fund
The Lancet
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major cause of death globally, with a burden likely to be higher than that of HIV or malaria, according to the most comprehensive assessment of bacterial AMR to date published in The Lancet. The data presented in this analysis are striking: in 2019, the deaths of 4·95 million people were associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections. 1·27 million deaths were directly caused by AMR. For the first time, the study provides estimates for 204 countries and territories, as well as data for the regional impacts of AMR. This study also reports details of AMR burden for 23 bacterial pathogens—Escherichia coli is accountable for the most deaths—and 88 pathogen–drug combinations, with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus causing the highest number of deaths. These new findings are pivotal to inform location-specific policy decisions and clinical practice.

The threat of AMR has long been signalled. And the steps needed to tackle AMR—boosting public awareness, better surveillance, improved diagnostics, more rational use of antibiotics, access to clean water and sanitation, embracing One Health, and investments in new antimicrobials and vaccines—have been consistently recommended in reports such as The Lancet Infectious Diseases Commission on Antibiotic Resistance in 2013 and the O’Neill report in 2016. There have been some noteworthy responses during the past decade. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System was launched by WHO in 2015. The Fleming Fund (an aid programme supporting 24 countries across Africa and Asia to tackle AMR) was established in 2015. In December, 2021, G7 Finance Ministers issued statements to support antibiotic development.

But action has been episodic and uneven, resulting in global inequities in AMR. Sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia have the highest burden of AMR according to the new study, likely driven by high infection rates and a lack of access to antibiotics, compounded by serious data gaps. Innovation has been extremely slow. Vaccines are available for only one of the six leading pathogens described in the study. The clinical pipeline for antibiotics is too small to tackle the increasing emergence and spread of AMR. A lot of research has described the problem of AMR, but not enough has been done to study the solutions or how to change the political conversation.

National leaders now have an obligation to move AMR to a higher position in their political agendas. Research efforts should be accelerated to address knowledge and innovation gaps and to inform policy and practices. Access to effective antibiotics must be ensured. Above all, AMR must be seen as a global issue, which needs a globally coherent plan with a One Health approach. AMR has too often been viewed as an abstract risk to health, a potential cause of illness and death at some point in the future. This way of thinking makes it easy to ignore. But the new comprehensive estimates show that AMR is killing large numbers of people now. The harms of AMR are with us today. The COVID-19 pandemic could even accelerate the problem of AMR due to antibiotic misuse and prolonged hospital stays. This fact demands that actions to address AMR be scaled up urgently.

One immediate opportunity must be seized. Later this year, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria will hold its Seventh Replenishment meeting. The focus for inviting donor investment is likely to remain on the three diseases that have been the hallmark of its success. However, the Fund is actively considering how to broaden its remit in response to a very different global context—notably, the need for further measures to strengthen pandemic preparedness and create resilient health systems in an era of climate crisis. 2022 is also the 20th anniversary of The Global Fund’s inception. Now is the right moment to review its fundamental purpose. The Fund was established to invest in programmes to end the infectious diseases that cause the greatest burden of illness and death, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. It has proven itself a highly effective instrument for protecting susceptible populations from preventable and treatable diseases. The existing burden of AMR and its future threat should be an urgent stimulus to revise and widen The Global Fund’s mission. It is now time for the Fund to embrace AMR as one of its core responsibilities. And donors should invest generously in such a renewed and reinvigorated Fund.

The Lancet
Jan 22, 2022 Volume 399 Number 10322 p335-410
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Comment
The health and wellbeing of Indigenous adolescents: a global collective for an equitable and sustainable future
Global Collective for Indigenous Adolescent Health and Evidence-Based Action

The Lancet
Jan 22, 2022 Volume 399 Number 10322 p335-410
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Offline: COVID-19 as culture war
Richard Horton

The Lancet
Jan 22, 2022 Volume 399 Number 10322 p335-410
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Viewpoint
COVID-19 vaccine strategies must focus on severe disease and global equity
Peter B McIntyre, et al.
[Excerpt]
Global COVID-19 vaccine strategies in 2022
:: COVID-19 vaccine strategies should continue to prioritise prevention of severe disease
:: Variants of concern such as delta and potentially omicron render strategies aimed at SARS-CoV-2 transmission unlikely to have more than a short-term effect on preventing severe COVID-19
:: In countries with a high prevalence of previous infection and a low proportion of the population being older than 60 years prioritising delivery of the first dose will have the greatest effect on preventing severe COVID-19
:: In countries with a low prevalence of previous infection and a high proportion of the population being older than 60 years, protection against severe disease in adults requires at least two doses
:: In people who are severely immunocompromised or older than 60 years, evidence supports booster doses of mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines to prevent severe disease; booster doses for all adults could compromise timely global availability of first doses

Nature
Volume 601 Issue 7893, 20 January 2022
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/601/issues/7893

News Feature | 18 January 2022
The pandemic’s true death toll: millions more than official counts
Countries have reported some five million COVID-19 deaths in two years, but global excess deaths are estimated at double or even quadruple that figure.

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 40 Issue 1, January 2022
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/40/issues/1

World View | 07 January 2022
Expanding global access to genetic therapies
It is time to rethink intellectual property and pricing practices that prevent global access to genetic therapies.
Anne W. T. Muigai

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 40 Issue 1, January 2022
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/40/issues/1

Review Article | 20 December 2021
Single-cell immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection
This Review provides an overview of existing studies using single-cell technologies to provide insights over the immune responses and molecular mechanisms at work in COVID-19.
Yuan Tian, Lindsay N. Carpp, Raphael Gottardo

Nature Biotechnology
Volume 40 Issue 1, January 2022
https://www.nature.com/nbt/volumes/40/issues/1

Analysis | 06 September 2021
Integrated analysis of plasma and single immune cells uncovers metabolic changes in individuals with COVID-19
The immune cells of individuals with COVID-19 show metabolic changes.
Jihoon W. Lee, Yapeng Su, James R. Heath

New England Journal of Medicine
January 20, 2022 Vol. 386 No. 3
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Perspective
Research Participation in Marginalized Communities — Overcoming Barriers

K. Armstrong and C. Ritchie

New England Journal of Medicine
January 20, 2022 Vol. 386 No. 3
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Clinical Practice
Rapid Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2 P.K. Drain

PharmacoEconomics
Volume 40, issue 1, January 2022
https://link.springer.com/journal/40273/volumes-and-issues/40-1

Systematic Review
Incorporating Equity Concerns in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors (first, second and last of 4) Thomas Ward, Ruben E. Mujica-Mota, Antonieta Medina-Lara
Published: 29 October 2021

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Reporting bias in clinical trials: Progress toward transparency and next steps
Mayookha Mitra-Majumdar, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Perspective | published 19 Jan 2022 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003894

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 22 Jan 2022)

Clinical impact of vivax malaria: A collection review
Aung Pyae Phyo, Prabin Dahal, Mayfong Mayxay, Elizabeth A. Ashley
Collection Review | published 18 Jan 2022 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003890

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 22 Jan 2022]

Research Article
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors according to sex: A population-based survey in Salvador, Brazil
Nivison Nery Jr., Juan P. Aguilar Ticona, Cristiane W. Cardoso, Ana Paula Pitanga Barbuda Prates, Helena Cristina Alves Vieira, Andrea Salvador de Almeida, Mirela Maisa da Silva Souza, Olivete Borba dos Reis, Maysa Pellizzaro, Moyra Machado Portilho, Renan Rosa da Anunciação, Renato Victoriano, Rosangela Oliveira dos Anjos, Hernán Dario Argibay, Douglas Oliveira Carmo Lima, Isadora Lima Mesquita, Wesley Mota Conceição, Perla Machado Santana, Elaine Carvalho Oliveira, Pamela Santos Nascimento Santana, Claudia Ida Brodskyn, Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga, Manuela da Silva Solcà, Mitermayer Galvão Reis, Federico Costa, Guilherme S. Ribeiro
Research Article | published 21 Jan 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262649

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 22 Jan 2022]

Analysis of social combinations of COVID-19 vaccination: Evidence from a conjoint analysis
Hanako Ohmura
Research Article | published 21 Jan 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261426

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 22 Jan 2022]

Vaccines to prevent COVID-19: A living systematic review with Trial Sequential Analysis and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Steven Kwasi Korang, Elena von Rohden, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Giok Ong, Owen Ngalamika, Faiza Siddiqui, Sophie Juul, Emil Eik Nielsen, Joshua Buron Feinberg, Johanne Juul Petersen, Christian Legart, Afoke Kokogho, Mathias Maagaard, Sarah Klingenberg, Lehana Thabane, Ariel Bardach, Agustín Ciapponi, Allan Randrup Thomsen, Janus C. Jakobsen, Christian Gluud
Research Article | published 21 Jan 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260733

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 22 Jan 2022]

The impact of free vaccination policies under the Korean Influenza National Immunization Program: Trends in influenza vaccination rates in South Korea from 2010 to 2019
Jeongmin Seo, Juwon Lim
Research Article | published 20 Jan 2022 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262594

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
December 28, 2021; vol. 118 no. 52
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/52

Social Sciences
Open Access
Ethics and society review: Ethics reflection as a precondition to research funding
Michael S. Bernstein, Margaret Levi, David Magnus, Betsy A. Rajala, Debra Satz, and Charla Waeiss
PNAS December 28, 2021 118 (52) e2117261118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117261118
Significance
Research fields that hold transformative possibilities for improving the human condition also raise risks of negative ethical and societal outcomes. These ethical and societal risks fall outside the purview of most research reviews. We introduce an iterative review process that draws these fields into reflection and mitigation of ethical and societal risks by conditioning access to grant funding on completion of the process. A 1-y evaluation of our approach with an artificial intelligence funding program at our university suggests that this approach is well-received by researchers and positively influenced the design of their research. This process has also generated lists of common risks and mitigation strategies, to provide scaffolding for future processes.
Abstract
Researchers in areas as diverse as computer science and political science must increasingly navigate the possible risks of their research to society. However, the history of medical experiments on vulnerable individuals influenced many research ethics reviews to focus exclusively on risks to human subjects rather than risks to human society. We describe an Ethics and Society Review board (ESR), which fills this moral gap by facilitating ethical and societal reflection as a requirement to access grant funding: Researchers cannot receive grant funding from participating programs until the researchers complete the ESR process for their proposal. Researchers author an initial statement describing their proposed research’s risks to society, subgroups within society, and globally and commit to mitigation strategies for these risks. An interdisciplinary faculty panel iterates with the researchers to refine these risks and mitigation strategies. We describe a mixed-method evaluation of the ESR over 1 y, in partnership with a large artificial intelligence grant program at our university. Surveys and interviews of researchers who interacted with the ESR found 100% (95% CI: 87 to 100%) were willing to continue submitting future projects to the ESR, and 58% (95% CI: 37 to 77%) felt that it had influenced the design of their research project. The ESR panel most commonly identified issues of harms to minority groups, inclusion of diverse stakeholders in the research plan, dual use, and representation in datasets. These principles, paired with possible mitigation strategies, offer scaffolding for future research designs.

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
December 28, 2021; vol. 118 no. 52
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/52

Open Access
The role of non–COVID-specific and COVID-specific factors in predicting a shift in willingness to vaccinate: A panel study
Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Daniel Romer, Patrick E. Jamieson, Kenneth M. Winneg, and Josh Pasek
PNAS December 28, 2021 118 (52) e2112266118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2112266118

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health (RPSP/PAJPH)
https://www.paho.org/journal/en

 19 Jan 2022
COVID-19 morbidity and mortality associated with chronic disorders, healthcare services, and inequity: evidence for a syndemic
Original research | Portuguese |