POLIO Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC): WHO/OCHA Emergencies

EmergencieS

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Polio this week as of 02 December 2020
:: One of the largest polio immunization campaigns in the African Region this year has just concluded in Chad, where over 3.3 million children in 91 districts were vaccinated. This pushes the total number of children vaccinated against polio to over forty million across 16 countries in the Region, since campaigns resumed following a necessary pause in immunizations due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Summary of new WPV and cVDPV viruses this week (AFP cases and ES postitives):
:: Pakistan: one WPV1 case, 13 WPV1 positive environmental samples and five cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
:: Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo): five cVDPV2 cases
:: Mali: two cVDPV2 cases

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Editor’s Note:
A number of country pages below did not load at inquiry.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 05 Dec 2020]

Democratic Republic of the Congo – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 05 Dec 2020]
Iraq
:: Baghdad, 30 November 2020 – On Sunday, Iraqi health authorities, in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF began a mass polio vaccination campaign targeting more than 1.9 million children under the age of 5…

Angola
:: Battling COVID-19 rumours and hoaxes in Angola 03 December 2020

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Burkina Faso – No new digest announcements identified
Burundi – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi Floods – No new digest announcements identified
Measles in Europe – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
HIV in Pakistan – No new digest announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 05 Dec 2020]

Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Syrian Arab Republic: COVID-19 Humanitarian Update No. 21 As of 30 November 2020

Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
COVID-19
:: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Weekly Epidemiological Update (1 December 2020)

East Africa Locust Infestation – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO & Regional Offices [to 05 Dec 2020]

WHO & Regional Offices [to 05 Dec 2020]
3 December 2020 Joint News Release
Global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines estimated to generate economic benefits of at least US$ 153 billion in 2020–21, and US$ 466 billion by 2025, in 10 major economies, according to new report by the Eurasia Group

30 November 2020 News release
WHO calls for reinvigorated action to fight malaria

25 November 2020 News release
Every move counts towards better health – says WHO

 

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Weekly Epidemiological Record, 4 December 2020, vol. 95, 49 (pp. 609–628)
:: Immunization and Vaccine-related Implementation Research Advisory Committee (IVIR-AC)
:: WHO calls for reinvigorated action to fight malaria

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WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: Working with the media in Nigeria’s COVID-19 fight 03 December 2020
When Regina Otokpa, an Abuja-based journalist, co-authored a newspaper article on poor observance of mask-wearing and physical distancing directives in Nigeria, it caused some buzz.
:: Battling COVID-19 rumours and hoaxes in Angola 03 December 2020
“COVID-19 doesn’t kill anybody in Angola as we are immune due to malaria,” so goes one of the myriad falsehoods about the pandemic in the southern African country.
:: Over 3.3 million children vaccinated in Chad in large-scale polio campaign 02 December 2020
More than 3.3 million children have been vaccinated against polio in Chad in a just-concluded immunization drive – one of the largest of its kind in the African region this year as campaigns that were halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic resume.
:: How the world’s highest HIV-prevalence country turned around, and in record time 01 December 2020
Because her government aggressively pursued treatment as prevention for people living with HIV, Thembi Dlamini and several women in her support group have been able to counsel each other, give family advice and run an artisanal business. In other words, their government gave them a life together.
:: A double challenge: Tackling COVID-19 and malaria in Uganda 30 November 2020
A month after Uganda instituted stringent measures to curb the spread of COVID-19, the threat of another disease outbreak prompted a new nationwide campaign: “Why survive COVID-19 and die of malaria?” rang a slogan on the airwaves.
:: Tanzania intensifies malaria fight in hotspots 30 November 2020

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
No new digest content identified

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
:: 1 December 2020 News release
Reinvigorate response to HIV among challenges posed by pandemic: WHO
Between 2010 and 2019, the Region has taken large strides in its response to HIV. Epidemiological trends show that both new infections and HIV-related deaths are continuing to decl …

WHO European Region EURO
:: WHO works with Kyrgyz authorities to reduce risk of COVID-19 infection at border crossings 04-12-2020
:: WHO/Europe and the Turkic Council begin putting memorandum of understanding into action 03-12-2020
:: Latest update on the pandemic and preparations for COVID-19 vaccine deployment 03-12-2020
:: Building back better: people with disabilities in the workforce 03-12-2020
:: New WHO report reveals that while smoking continues to decline among European adolescents, the use of electronic cigarettes by young people is on the rise 02-12-2020

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
No new digest content identified

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: 2 December 2020 | Feature story
Evacuating to safer shelter in the time of COVID-19
In recent weeks, floods or typhoons have forced thousands of people from their homes in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Philippines and Viet Nam, and Pacific island countries and areas have braced for the cyclone season, which has just started.
:: 2 December 2020 | Feature story
Sharing COVID-19 experiences: The Republic of Korea response
When the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed in the Republic of Korea on 20 January 2020, the country immediately implemented a strategy to test, trace and treat and to build the trust needed to successfully manage the virus while preserving social and economic life as much as possible.

CDC/ACIP [to 05 Dec 2020]

CDC/ACIP [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
Latest News Releases, Announcements
CDC Statement Regarding ACIP Recommendations Thursday, December 3, 2020
… Dr. Redfield supports their recommendations and has signed the memo and accepted these interim recommendations…

Transcript for CDC Telebriefing on the COVID-19 Outbreak Wednesday, December 2, 2020
BRIEFING TO DISCUSS CHANGES TO CDC’S QUARANTINE GUIDANCE AND CONSIDERATIONS TO DOMESTIC TRAVEL.

Media Statement from CDC Director Robert R. Redfield, M.D., in Observance of World AIDS Day 2020 Tuesday, December 1, 2020.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Selected Resources
:: EARLY RELEASE: Summary of Guidance for Public Health Strategies to Address High Levels of Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Related Deaths, December 2020 Friday, December 04, 2020
:: COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing among Refugee, Immigrant, and Migrant (RIM) Populations: Important Considerations for Health Departments Friday, December 04, 2020
:: Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers Responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), May 2020 Friday, December 04, 2020
:: Information for School Nurses and Other Healthcare Personnel (HCP) Working in Schools and Child Care Settings Thursday, December 03, 2020
:: Frequently Asked Questions about COVID-19 Vaccination Thursday, December 03, 2020

Africa CDC [to 05 Dec 2020]

Africa CDC [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
Press Releases
Landmark alliance launches in Africa to fight COVID-19 misinformation
Brazzaville, 3 December 2020 – The World Health Organization (WHO) today launched a new alliance, the Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (AIRA), to coordinate actions and pool resources in combating misinformation around COVID-19 pandemic and other health emergencies in Africa.

Digital platforms have been inundated with COVID-19-related information since the pandemic began in late 2019. Information about the virus has been shared and viewed over 270 billion times online and mentioned almost 40 million times on Twitter and web-based news sites in the 47 countries of the WHO African Region between February and November 2020, according to UN Global Pulse, the United Nations’ Secretary-General’s initiative on big data and artificial intelligence…

Brazzaville, 3 December 2020 – The World Health Organization (WHO) today launched a new alliance, the Africa Infodemic Response Alliance (AIRA), to coordinate actions and pool resources in combating misinformation around COVID-19 pandemic and other health emergencies in Africa.

Digital platforms have been inundated with COVID-19-related information since the pandemic began in late 2019. Information about the virus has been shared and viewed over 270 billion times online and mentioned almost 40 million times on Twitter and web-based news sites in the 47 countries of the WHO African Region between February and November 2020, according to UN Global Pulse, the United Nations’ Secretary-General’s initiative on big data and artificial intelligence…

China CDC

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
News
Dec 5: Daily briefing on novel coronavirus cases in China
On Dec 4, 31 provincial-level regions and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on the Chinese mainland reported 17 new cases of confirmed infections.

National Medical Products Administration [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://english.nmpa.gov.cn/news.html
News
Vice-premier underlines progress in COVID-19 vaccine development
2020-12-03
BEIJING — Vice-Premier Sun Chunlan on Dec 2 said China has achieved major progress in the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines, with five vaccines having entered phase-III clinical trials.
Sun made the remarks as she and State Councilor Wang Yong inspected the work on COVID-19 vaccine development and production in Beijing.
Sun said 14 vaccines developed from five technological routes have entered clinical trials, five of which have entered phase-III clinical trials.
Emergency use and preparation for the production of the vaccines are progressing smoothly, she said.
Sun called for consistent efforts to carry out phase-III clinical trials of the vaccines with a scientific and rigorous approach, and ensure they meet relevant laws and regulations and international standards.
The vaccines should be developed safely and effectively and be able to withstand tests in various aspects, she noted.
Efforts should go into the preparation for mass production and the drafting of distribution plans when the vaccines are available for the public, Sun said…

Announcements

Announcements

 

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
News from The Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group: November 2020
November 5, 2020
Highlights include: new Allen Distinguished Investigators announced, a new podcast on SCANning for coronavirus, recent research on astrocytes, upcoming events, and more.

 

BARDA – U.S. Department of HHS [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.phe.gov/about/barda/Pages/default.aspx
BARDA News
No new digest content identified.

 

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
Press Releases and Statements
No new digest content identified.

 

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

 

CARB-X [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
News
12.01.2020  |
CARB-X is funding a German team of scientists to develop a new treatment for difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients
CARB-X is awarding up to US$1.75 million to the Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) in Saarbrücken, Germany, to develop an innovative treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

 

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://cepi.net/
Latest News
CEPI welcomes UK approval of Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine
UK’s temporary authorization of the Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine is a significant milestone in the global fight to control COVID-19
COVID-19 02 Dec 2020

Malaysia joins CEPI, donating US$3 million to advance vaccine R&D
The funding will allow the world to better prepare and respond to future outbreaks.
COVID-19 30 Nov 2020

 

EDCTP [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
01 December 2020
World AIDS Day 2020

 

Emory Vaccine Center [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
Vaccine Center News
No new digest content identified.

 

European Medicines Agency [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
News: EMA starts rolling review of Janssen’s COVID-19 vaccine Ad26.COV2.S
Last updated: 01/12/2020

 

 

News: EMA receives application for conditional marketing authorisation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2
Last updated: 01/12/2020

 

 

News: EMA receives application for conditional marketing authorisation of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
Last updated: 01/12/2020

 

European Vaccine Initiative [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/
Latest News
Dec 1 2020
World AIDS Day 2020

 

FDA [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements /Selected Details
December 4, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes First COVID-19 and Flu Combination Test for use with home-collected samples
… “Today’s authorization for a COVID-19 plus flu test using samples collected at home is a significant step toward FDA’s nationwide response to COVID-19. With the authorization of this test, the FDA is helping to address the ongoing fight against COVID-19 while in the middle of the flu season, which is important for many, including the most vulnerable of Americans. This is another example of the FDA working with test developers to bring important diagnostics to Americans,” said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D. “With just one swab or sample, combination tests that are authorized for use with home-collected samples can be used to get answers to Americans faster, in the comfort and relative safety of their home, which allows patients to continue to quarantine while awaiting results. This efficiency can go a long way to providing timely information for those sick with an unknown respiratory ailment.”…

December 4, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 4, 2020
:: The FDA has added content to the question-and-answer appendix in its guidance titled, “Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products During COVID-19 Public Health Emergency.” The updated guidance includes a new question and answer regarding considerations for disposing unused investigational drug product when a study participant cannot return it to the study site.
:: PrecisionFDA has launched the COVID-19 Precision Immunology App-a-thon. The agency encourages the scientific and analytics community to develop innovative applications to explore the relationship between personalized immune repertoires and COVID-19 disease variables and associated factors.

December 3, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 3, 2020
:: On Dec. 2, the FDA updated the SARS CoV-2 reference panel comparative data on our website to reflect the latest information. The FDA SARS-CoV-2 reference panel is an independent performance validation step for diagnostic tests of SARS-CoV-2 infection that are being used for clinical purposes.

December 1, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 1, 2020

November 30, 2020 – Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Announces Advisory Committee Meeting to Discuss Second COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate

 

FDA – COVID-19 Vaccines [to 05 Dec 2020]
www.fda.gov/covid19vaccines
Upcoming Events
12/17/2020: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
12/10/2020: Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
[See Regulatory Calendar above for details]

 

Fondation Merieux [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
7th Meeting of the GTFCC Working Group on Oral Cholera Vaccine Webinars
November 19 – December 10, 2020 – Webinars

Vaccine Acceptance Virtual Event Series – How to maintain and build trust in immunization
December 16, 2020 – 2:00pm – 4:30pm (CET) Virtual
An event to continue the dialogue and increase multi-sectoral efforts to promote vaccination acceptance and immunization programs resilience, now particularly challenged by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
The erosion in vaccination trust and additional disruptions in routine immunization programs caused by the current pandemic is becoming an increasing threat to public health. How to tackle it?
To keep the momentum in this critical topic, we would like to bring together the vaccine acceptance public in this 2.5-hour webinar.

 

Gavi [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
News releases
The COVID-19 vaccine race
Updated: 2 December 2020
Scientists around the world are working faster than ever to find vaccines that could stop the spread of COVID-19. Now, nearly a year on from the start of the pandemic, we have several promising vaccines on the brink of going through regulatory approval to be rolled out.
Here is a slightly more in-depth look at the candidate vaccines that are in phase 1 trials or beyond:

 

GHIT Fund [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

 

Global Fund [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News
Global Fund Board Appoints Tracy Staines as Inspector General
03 December 2020
The Board of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has appointed Tracy Staines, a distinguished auditor and seasoned executive, as Inspector General. Staines brings over 20 years of multi-sectoral experience in audit and risk management, including eight years at the Global Fund.

Without Equity, We Cannot End COVID-19, HIV Or Any Other Pandemic
01 December 2020 by Peter Sands and Mark Vermeulen
While COVID-19 continues to accelerate around the world, the last few weeks have seen new optimism in the fight against the pandemic. Pfizer and Moderna have shared data showing their vaccines are more than 90% effective. People now dare to dream that 2021 will bring a semblance of normality to their lives. The vaccine news is proof of the power of science. Yet our optimism must be tempered with caution. Will the world deliver vaccines to all? Will we see the commitment to finish the fight against COVID-19 sustained once people in rich countries have been vaccinated and are safe from the virus?
The fight against HIV offers a sobering reality-check…

Sue Ackerly Appointed as Global Fund Ombudsperson
30 November 2020
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, tuberculosis and Malaria today announced the appointment of Sue Ackerly as Ombudsperson, reinforcing its commitment to a strong and independent informal mechanism for staff and strengthening the Global Fund’s culture of diversity, inclusion and dignity.

 

Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness [GloPID-R] [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.glopid-r.org/news/
News
No new digest content identified.

 

Hilleman Laboratories [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

 

Human Vaccines Project [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

IAVI [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
PRESS RELEASES/FEATURES
December 3, 2020
IAVI Announces Launch of EDCTP-funded Socio-behavioral Project on Accessible HIV Prevention Tools for African Women
Universally accessible HIV Prevention Technologies for African girls and young women through Knowledge applied from behavioral Economics (UPTAKE) presents a unique multidisciplinary collaboration of five leading research institutions in both Africa and Europe

AMSTERDAM – DECEMBER 03, 2020 – IAVI today announced the initiation of UPTAKE, an innovative behavioral science research project with support from the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP). UPTAKE seeks to determine factors that facilitate future uptake of long-acting (LA) technologies to prevent HIV and unintended pregnancy in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya and Uganda. AGYW in sub-Saharan Africa aged 15-24 years are twice as likely to be living with HIV as men in the same age group.

Due to access and adherence issues, existing prevention products, such as condoms, voluntary medical male circumcision, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and treatment as prevention (TasP), continue to fall short in curbing HIV infections among AGYW. LA antiretroviral-based technologies represent a promising avenue for HIV prevention, with recent results from the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) HPTN 083 study demonstrating LA injectable cabotegravir used as PrEP to be highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition in women in sub-Saharan Africa. Future LA antibody-based technologies are also being explored. This study will determine and test behavioral factors that facilitate adoption and use of future LA HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (LA-PrEP) alone or in combination with marketed LA contraceptives in Kenya and Uganda.

Funded by a three-year €2.24 million grant from EDCTP and led by IAVI’s offices in Amsterdam and Nairobi, UPTAKE features a unique international consortium of five leading academic, public health, and product development organizations in Africa and Europe…

FEATURES
December 1, 2020
HIV Activist Winifred Ikilai: 5 Things to Know on World AIDS Day 2020

 

 

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
Supply Chain Integrity
Recommendations on common technical denominators for track and trace systems to allow for interoperability: open for public consultation
November 27, 2020
The International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) has developed a draft paper with recommendations on common technical denominators for track and trace (T&T) systems. It aims to facilitate the implementation of interoperable systems for medicines around the world.
In this paper, regulators emphasise that interoperability of T&T systems would help to protect public health by improving information sharing in case of quality defects, reducing shortages, contributing to the fight against falsified medicines and supporting pharmacovigilance activities.
The draft recommendations are available for public consultation until 28 February 2021:
Recommendations on common technical denominators for track and trace systems to allow for interoperability
Stakeholders can send their comments on the document via an online form to icmratrackandtrace@ema.europa.eu.
The draft recommendations were developed in consultation with the World Health Organisation (WHO), representatives from international medicines regulatory authorities and experts from the private sector.
ICMRA intends to publish the final document in 2021 after considering the responses to the public consultation…

 

 

International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

 

 

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
Press Releases/Announcements
No new digest content identified.

 

IFRC [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Global
Red Cross and Red Crescent societies report massive surge in volunteer numbers in response to COVID-19
Geneva, 2 December 2020 – Hundreds of thousands of new volunteers worldwide have joined their National Red Cross and Red Crescent Society this year, providing vital support to their local communities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2 December 2020

Global
IFRC: Success of COVID-19 vaccine relies on our ability to address “mistrust pandemic”
New York/Geneva, 30 November 2020 – The President of the world’s largest humanitarian organization has warned that efforts to roll out a potential COVID-19 vaccine could fail unless equally ambitious efforts to counteract rapidly rising levels of mistrust and misinformation are put in place.
Speaking ahead of a United Nations High-Level Special Session on the COVID-19 Pandemic taking place this week in New York, Mr Francesco Rocca, President of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), said:
“We welcome the news that a viable COVID-19 vaccine may be imminent. However, we caution that a vaccine in-and-of-itself will not be enough to end this pandemic.
“To beat COVID-19, we also need to defeat the parallel pandemic of mistrust that has consistently hindered our collective response to this disease, and that could undermine our shared ability to vaccinate against it.”…

 

Institut Pasteur [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.pasteur.fr/en/press-area
Press documents
No new digest content identified.

 

IRC International Rescue Committee [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.rescue.org/press-release-index
Media highlights [Selected]
Press Release
IRC calls for truly global COVID-19 action and global ceasefire ahead of UN General Assembly Session on Covid-19
December 3, 2020

Press Release
New UN data shows 40% increase in people in need; IRC calls on world leaders to step up and fund frontline response
December 1, 2020

 

IVAC [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates; Events
No new digest content identified.

 

IVI [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News, Announcements, Events
EuBiologics partners up with IVI in COVID-19 vaccine development
December 3, 2020, SEOUL, South Korea – The International Vaccine Institute (IVI) and EuBiologics exchanged an MOU to cooperate in clinical development of the COVID-19 vaccine the company is currently developing. The signing ceremony at IVI headquarters on December 2 was attended by Dr. Jerome Kim, Director General, and Dr. Manki Song, Deputy Director General of Science from IVI, co-CEO Dr. Yeong Ok Baik co-CEO Seuk-Keun Choi from EuBiologics…

How to take action on AMR during the COVID-19 pandemic, a webinar co-hosted by IVI, ICARS, and the Embassy of Denmark in Korea
December 1, 2020
Free webinar, Evidence to Action: Advancing the Antimicrobial Resistance Agenda during a Pandemic, will be held on Thursday, December 3, 2020 at 9:00 Central European Time (17:00 Korean Standard Time). Registration available at ivi.int/evidence-to-action/ 

 

JEE Alliance [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

 

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic
Responding to COVID-19: Global Accountability Report 2 – June to August 2020
Report 2 Dec 2020
…From June to August, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) continued to respond to the pandemic through its existing programmes, as well as dedicated COVID-19 interventions in more than 250 projects in 63 countries….

HIV/AIDS
HIV is in a state of silent crisis in Central African Republic
Project Update 30 Nov 2020

HIV/AIDS
Bending the HIV curve in Kenya’s Ndhiwa sub-county
Project Update 30 Nov 2020

 

National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
Upcoming Meetings/Latest Updates
No new digest content identified.

 

NIH [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
News Releases
High-dose influenza vaccine shows no additional benefit for heart disease patients
December 4, 2020 — NIH-funded study finds higher dose is not more effective at reducing serious flu complications in this high-risk group.

NIH Statement on World AIDS Day 2020
December 1, 2020 — We reflect both on the remarkable progress that has been made against HIV as well as the considerable challenges that remain.

NIH announces restructured HIV clinical trials networks
November 30, 2020 —
Grant awards set stage for next seven years of science-driven HIV clinical research.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, today announced the clinical investigators and institutions that will lead four NIH HIV clinical trials networks over the next seven years to conduct the innovative, efficient clinical research needed to accelerate progress against the HIV pandemic. NIAID also awarded grants to 35 U.S. and international institutions selected as HIV clinical trials units (CTUs). NIAID and co-funding NIH Institutes intend to provide approximately $375.3 million in the first year to support the networks…

Experimental Vaccine for Deadly Tickborne Virus Effective in Cynomolgus Macaques
November 30, 2020 — Monkeys protected against CCHFV, which infects thousands of people annually.

 

PATH [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Press Release
PATH’s statement on the World Health Organization’s World Malaria Report, 2020
November 30, 2020 by PATH
Country-led, data-centered approaches are saving millions of lives in the fight against malaria. However, we have more work to do.
A statement from PATH’s Director of Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Center for Malaria Control and Elimination, Kammerle Schneider:
“This week, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the 2020 World Malaria Report, its annual update on global malaria control and elimination. This year’s report reflects on 20 years of collaboration and progress against malaria and calls on the global community to maintain essential malaria services to mitigate the impact of COVID-19.
“PATH is proud of the progress the global community has made in reducing the burden of malaria over the past two decades—1.5 billion cases and 7.6 million deaths have been averted because of sustained political commitment and increased investment in the development and scale-up of effective tools and approaches. Further, we are on track to achieve two milestones laid out in the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030: Ten countries where malaria was endemic in 2015 are now on track for elimination and WHO-certified malaria-free countries continue to maintain no local transmission.
“However, progress against malaria has plateaued over the past four years—global malaria case incidence declined by 27% between 2000 and 2015, as compared to less than 2% from 2015 to 2019…

 

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

UNAIDS [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
4 December 2020
Dakar addiction centre reaches out to women

3 December 2020
Snapshots on how UNAIDS is supporting the HIV response during COVID-19

2 December 2020
HIV community activists tackle COVID-19 in Lesotho

1 December 2020
In South Africa, young women leading HIV and violence prevention say men’s involvement is key

 

UNICEF [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press releases, Statements
Press release
12/03/2020
UNICEF issues record US$6.4 billion emergency funding appeal to reach more than 190 million children impacted by humanitarian crises and the COVID-19 pandemic
Funds will support essential programs for children and families in need across 149 countries and territories through 2021

Press release
12/01/2020
Norway commits more than $163 million to UNICEF education, health and inclusivity programmes for children

 

Unitaid [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://unitaid.org/
Featured News
03 December 2020
Republic of Korea contributes US$1 million to increase access to COVID-19 diagnostics
Geneva – Unitaid is pleased to announce that the Republic of Korea has contributed a US$1 million to support the Diagnostic Partnership of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (ACT-A). This extra funding comes in addition to the core financial support provided by the Republic of Korea to Unitaid.
Effective and rapid testing strategies are crucial to ensure the COVID-19 pandemic is brought to an end. The ACT-A has identified that an estimated 500 million COVID-19 diagnostic tests will be needed in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) by mid-2021…

01 December 2020
Unitaid reaffirms its commitment to the fight against HIV in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
This World AIDS Day 2020, Unitaid reaffirms its commitment to the fight against HIV, while calling for innovative solutions to overcome stagnating progress towards global targets and challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Despite significant gains achieved in the fight against HIV, global targets for 2020 have been missed.
:: In 2019, there were 1.7 million new infections, with key populations accounting for 62% of new infections globally, and young women and girls accounting for 48% in sub-Saharan Africa.
:: Of the 38 million people living with HIV in 2019, 12 million individuals did not have access to treatment.
Global efforts to meet international targets were already off-track in 2019, and progress has been further derailed by the COVID-19 pandemic…

01 December 2020
Groundbreaking Agreement Reduces by 75% the Cost of HIV Treatment for Children in Low-and Middle-Income Countries
New formulation is dispersible and strawberry-flavoured, enabling the youngest children living with HIV to be treated with the best available medication
New price agreement with Viatris and Macleods will significantly lower cost for yearly paediatric HIV treatment from over $480 per child to under $120 per child[1]
Innovative partnership has accelerated development of first generic paediatric dispersible formulation of dolutegravir (DTG), the recommended first-line HIV treatment
A long-awaited HIV treatment designed specifically for children will now be available in low-and middle-income countries, thanks to a landmark agreement from Unitaid and the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI)…

 

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
Announcements
No new digest content identified.

 

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Research and Reports
No new digest content identified.

 

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
News
No new digest content identified.

 

Wellcome Trust [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Explainer | 2 December 2020
Seven vital questions about RNA Covid-19 vaccines
The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines are more than 90% effective, as reported in phase III clinical trials – and the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the first Covid-19 vaccine to be licensed. This is a historic moment and the result of a global, collaborative research effort.

Opinion | 3 December 2020
Why we’re launching a new round of PhD funding for health professionals
Sara Marshall, Head of Clinical and Physiological Sciences, Wellcome
When research and healthcare come together, everyone benefits. That’s why we’re announcing a new call for PhD programmes to support health professionals in their research careers.

 

The Wistar Institute [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

WFPHA: World Federation of Public Health Associations [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.wfpha.org/
Latest News
WFPHA Supports the Proposal for the Temporary Suspension of Intellectual Property Rights for Necessary Products to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic!
The World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) has sent an open letter to the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the Secretary-General of the United Nations (SG-UN) to support the proposal for the temporary suspension of Intellectual Property Rights for necessary products to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

On December 9, a session of the TRIPS Council of the WTO will be held. The main discussion issue will be the proposal submitted by South Africa and India and co-sponsored by Kenya and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) to adopt a “waiver”, a temporary suspension of intellectual property rights of applicable knowledge to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a waiver would be subject to the protections available through patents, copyrights, undisclosed information projection, integrated circuits and enforcement, as provided in WTO agreements for exceptional situations such as the COVID-19 public health pandemic.

The proposal seeks to resolve the restrictions by low, lower-middle, and higher-middle income countries (as defined by The World Bank) to have timely affordable access under competitive market conditions to COVID-19 diagnostic kits, medical devices such as respirators and particularly vaccines and medicines to combat the virus. A pandemic cannot be resolved in a small number of countries.

The widest possible access internationally is required to bring the COVID-19 pandemic to an end.

 

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
No new digest content identified.

 

 

::::::

 

ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

 

BIO [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
New Website Will Combat Vaccine Myths, Boost Public Confidence, Increase Acceptance
December 4, 2020
Public opinion polls show there is significant mistrust among the American public in the safety and efficacy of vaccines. So today, the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) announced the launch of COVIDVaccineFacts.org. As a subsidiary website of BIO, COVIDVaccineFacts.org is an educational tool that links healthcare providers and the public to scientific and evidenced-based information related to the vaccine development process. Vaccine safety, efficacy, availability, and affordability are among the topics covered on the website.
On the website, which is translated in English and Spanish, users will find answers to a number of “frequently asked questions” related to vaccine development, including:
:: What is a vaccine?
:: How are vaccines developed?
:: How is everyone moving so quickly to develop a vaccine for Covid-19?
: How will we know a Covid-19 vaccine is safe and effective?
:: When will my family and I receive a vaccine for Covid-19?
BIO will continue to update the website and add new questions in the coming months.
The text on this website has been independently reviewed by health experts. It also incorporates several visual elements to help explain concepts like herd immunity, emergency use authorization, and more…
… Click here to visit the site.

 

 

Editor’s Note:
We took a moment to use the search function on this new site and explored the following keywords: consent, mandate, refusal, hesitancy, ethics, equity, access, and allocation. There were no results.

 

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News; Upcoming events
No new digest content identified.

 

ICBA – International Council of Biotechnology Associations [to 05 Dec 2020]
https://internationalbiotech.org/news/
News
No new digest content identified.

 

IFPMA [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
No new digest content identified.

 

PhRMA [to 05 Dec 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
PhRMA Statement on ACIP Recommendations for COVID-19 Allocation
December 3, 2020
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America president and CEO, Stephen J. Ubl issued the following statement on ACIP Recommendations for COVID-19 Allocation:
…“As states and territories prepare for the arrival of critically needed COVID-19 vaccines and seek to address key issues regarding priority of vaccine distribution, PhRMA supports ACIP’s prioritization of essential health care, public health industry workers and those most at risk as part of their allocation decisions.
“As we continue to fight COVID-19, we are committed to ensuring that the highest of standards of research, clinical testing and manufacturing are upheld throughout the vaccine research and development process. Our companies have further pledged ‘to make the safety and well-being of vaccinated individuals the top priority in development of the first Covid-19 vaccines.’ This commitment to safety isn’t new — it’s what the industry does day in and day out.

Guest Post: Bringing our best to the fight against COVID-19
Guest Contributor   |     December 3, 2020
…A guest post by Michel Pairet, a member of the Board of Managing Directors in charge of Innovation at Boehringer Ingelheim and Clive R. Wood, Global Head of Discovery Research:
As the world grapples with the challenge of another potentially more deadly upsurge in COVID-19 infections, we at Boehringer Ingelheim, along with the rest of the global scientific community, are digging deep into our knowledge and pipeline to find new options to combat this disease. Every statistic has a human story associated with it and it is this, together with our scientists’ deep commitment to rapidly find effective treatments to fight this devastating disease, that compels us to do everything we can to help patients who are suffering and relieve pressure on health care systems around the world…

Journal Watch

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

Impact of repeated yearly vaccination on immune responses to influenza vaccine in an elderly population

American Journal of Infection Control
December 2020 Volume 48Issue 12p1415-1570
http://www.ajicjournal.org/current

 

Major Articles
Impact of repeated yearly vaccination on immune responses to influenza vaccine in an elderly population
Satoko Kitamura, MD et al
Highlights
:: One hundred and 11 volunteers aged >61 years were vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine over 5 consecutive years.
:: Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were determined in each of 5 consecutive years.
:: Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity.
:: Annual seasonal vaccination was not associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness.
:: Vaccine strain changes were associated with specific immune responses among those undergoing yearly vaccination.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Prevalence Among Adults Aged 19–45 Years: An Analysis of the 2017 National Health Interview Survey

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
December 2020 Volume 59Issue 6p773-914
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

 

Research Articles
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Prevalence Among Adults Aged 19–45 Years: An Analysis of the 2017 National Health Interview Survey
Monica L. Kasting, Anna R. Giuliano, Shannon M. Christy, Caroline E. Rouse, Sharon E. Robertson,
Erika L. Thompson
Published online: November 05, 2020
p837-849
This study estimates the pre-recommendation prevalence of human papillomavirus vaccination and factors associated with vaccination in 2 age groups (19–26 years [young adults] and 27–45 years [mid-adults]), forming a baseline to monitor future coverage among U.S. adults.

Populist Nationalism Threatens Health and Human Rights in the COVID-19 Response

American Journal of Public Health
December 2020 110(12)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

COVID-19
Populist Nationalism Threatens Health and Human Rights in the COVID-19 Response
Global Health, Government, Human Rights, Social Science
Caitlin R. Williams, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum and Benjamin Mason Meier
110(12), pp. 1766–1768
COVID-19 demands international cooperation, yet populist nationalism is resurgent, threatening public health, human rights, and global governance. In responding to the pandemic, populist nationalism and global solidarity represent distinct paths, with enduring consequences for health and human rights.

COVID-19 and the Rise of Participatory SIGINT: An Examination of the Rise in Government Surveillance Through Mobile Applications

American Journal of Public Health
December 2020 110(12)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

SURVEILLANCE
COVID-19 and the Rise of Participatory SIGINT: An Examination of the Rise in Government Surveillance Through Mobile Applications
Global Health, Government, Human Rights, Social Science, Ethics
Rose Bernard, Gemma Bowsher and Richard Sullivan
110(12), pp. 1780–1785
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant growth in government surveillance techniques globally, primarily through the use of cell phone applications. However, although these applications can have actionable effects on public health efforts to control pandemics, the participatory or voluntary nature of these measures is obscuring the relationship between health information and traditional government surveillance techniques, potentially preventing effective oversight. Public health measures have traditionally been resistant to the integration of government-led intelligence techniques, such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), because of ethical and legal issues arising from the nature of surveillance techniques.
We explore this rise of participatory SIGINT and its nature as an extension of biosurveillance through 3 drivers: the rise of surveillance capitalism, the exploitation of a public health crisis to obscure state of exception politics with a moral imperative, and the historically enduring nature of emergency-implemented surveillance measures.
We conclude that although mobile applications may indeed be useful in containing pandemics, they should be subject to similar oversight and regulation as other government intelligence collection techniques.

Global Policy Surveillance: Creating and Using Comparative National Data on Health Law and Policy

American Journal of Public Health
December 2020 110(12)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

REGISTRY
Global Policy Surveillance: Creating and Using Comparative National Data on Health Law and Policy
Global Health, Health Law, Statistics/Evaluation/Research, Health Policy, Other Statistics/Evaluation/Research
Matthew M. Kavanagh, Benjamin Mason Meier, Mara Pillinger, Hanna Huffstetler and Scott Burris
Throughout the world, laws play an important role in shaping population health. Law making is an intervention with measurable effects yet often unfolds without evaluation or monitoring. Policy surveillance—the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance—can help bridge this gap by capturing important features of law in numeric form in structured longitudinal data sets.
Currently deployed primarily in high-income countries, methods for cross-national policy surveillance hold significant promise, particularly given the growing quality and accessibility of global health data. Global policy surveillance can enable comparative research on the implementation and health impact of laws, their spread, and their political determinants. Greater transparency of status and trends in law supports health policy advocacy and promotes public accountability. Collecting, coding, and analyzing laws across countries presents numerous challenges—especially in low-resource settings.
With insights from comparative politics and law, we suggest methods to address those challenges. We describe how longitudinal legal data have been used in limited, but important, ways for cross-national analysis and propose incorporating global policy surveillance into core global public health practice.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Estimation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Thimphu, Bhutan, in 2011–2012 and 2018 A Cross-sectional Study

Annals of Internal Medicine
1 December 2020 Volume 173, Issue 11
http://annals.org/aim/issue

 

Original Research
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Estimation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Thimphu, Bhutan, in 2011–2012 and 2018 A Cross-sectional Study
Iacopo Baussano, MD, Ugyen Tshomo, MD, Vanessa Tenet, MSc, Daniëlle A.M. Heideman, PhD, … et al.
In 2010, Bhutan implemented a nationwide human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program targeting girls aged 12 to 18 years. This analysis examined the prevalence of HPV in 2011–2012 and 2018 and estimated vaccine effectiveness by using data from a single city.

Human Papillomavirus Immunization and the Elimination of Cervical Carcinoma

Annals of Internal Medicine
1 December 2020 Volume 173, Issue 11
http://annals.org/aim/issue

 

Editorials
Human Papillomavirus Immunization and the Elimination of Cervical Carcinoma
Timothy Palmer, MBBS and Kate Cuschieri, BSc, PhD
Baussano and colleagues described how an HPV immunization program in Bhutan is helping to achieve the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating cervical cancer. The editorialists discuss what other countries must do to achieve the level of HPV vaccine uptake needed to eliminate cervical cancer.

Barriers and facilitators of clinician and researcher collaborations: a qualitative study

BMC Health Services Research
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres/content
(Accessed 05 Dec 2020)

 

Barriers and facilitators of clinician and researcher collaborations: a qualitative study
The poor translation of research findings into routine clinical practice is common in all areas of healthcare. Having a better understanding of how researchers and clinicians experience engagement in and with research, their working relationships and expectations of each other, may be one way to help to facilitate collaborative partnerships and therefore increase successful translation of research into clinical practice.
Authors: Julie Williams, Tom J. Craig and Debbie Robson
Citation: BMC Health Services Research 2020 20:1126
Content type: Research article
Published on: 5 December 2020

Comparative analysis of COVID-19 guidelines from six countries: a qualitative study on the US, China, South Korea, the UK, Brazil, and Haiti

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 05 Dec 2020)

 

Comparative analysis of COVID-19 guidelines from six countries: a qualitative study on the US, China, South Korea, the UK, Brazil, and Haiti
In late January, a worldwide crisis known as COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the WHO. Within only a few weeks, the outbreak took on pandemic proportions, affecting o…
Authors: Ji Youn Yoo, Samia Valeria Ozorio Dutra, Dany Fanfan, Sarah Sniffen, Hao Wang, Jamile Siddiqui, Hyo-Suk Song, Sung Hwan Bang, Dong Eun Kim, Shihoon Kim and Maureen Groer
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:1853
Content type: Research article
Published on: 3 December 2020

Complete basic childhood vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in East Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 05 Dec 2020)

 

Complete basic childhood vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in East Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys
Complete childhood vaccination remains poor in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite major improvement in childhood vaccination coverage worldwide. Globally, an estimated 2.5 million children die annually from vaccine-p…
Authors: Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Koku Sisay Tamirat and Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:1837
Content type: Research article
Published on: 1 December 2020

Improvement of Parent’s awareness, knowledge, perception, and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination after a structured-educational intervention

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 05 Dec 2020)

 

Improvement of Parent’s awareness, knowledge, perception, and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination after a structured-educational intervention
Regardless of the disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV), the vaccine has not been included in the Indonesia National Immunization Program. Since 2017 there was a demonstration program of the HPV vaccina…
Authors: Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Nisrina Maulida Rozanti, Lamria Besty Simangunsong and Abdul Wahab
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:1836
Content type: Research article
Published on: 1 December 2020

Social, cultural and economic aspects of antimicrobial resistance

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 98, Number 12, December 2020, 821-908
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/98/12/en/

 

Social, cultural and economic aspects of antimicrobial resistance
— Timo Minssen, Kevin Outterson, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Pedro Henrique D Batista, Clare I R Chandler, Francesco Ciabuschi, Stephan Harbarth, Aaron S Kesselheim, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Kathleen Liddell, Michael T Osterholm, Lance Price & Steven J Hoffman
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.275875

Potential effects of vaccinations on the prevention of COVID-19: rationale, clinical evidence, risks, and public health considerations

Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 19 (109) 2020
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

 

Review
Potential effects of vaccinations on the prevention of COVID-19: rationale, clinical evidence, risks, and public health considerations
Janet Sultana , Giampiero Mazzaglia , Nicoletta Luxi , Antonino Cancellieri , Annalisa Capuano , Carmen Ferrajolo , Chiara de Waure , Guido Ferlazzo & Gianluca Trifirò
Pages: 919-936
Published online: 06 Oct 2020

How involvement of community pharmacies improves accessibility to and awareness about flu vaccination? – An example from Estonia

Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 19 (109) 2020
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

 

Article
How involvement of community pharmacies improves accessibility to and awareness about flu vaccination? – An example from Estonia
Kristiina Sepp , Carmen Kukk , Afonso Cavaco & Daisy Volmer
Pages: 983-990
Published online: 05 Oct 2020

Simulation exercises and after action reviews – analysis of outputs during 2016–2019 to strengthen global health emergency preparedness and response

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 05 Dec 2020]

 

Research
Simulation exercises and after action reviews – analysis of outputs during 2016–2019 to strengthen global health emergency preparedness and response
Authors: Frederik Anton Copper, Landry Ndriko Mayigane, Yingxin Pei, Denis Charles, Thanh Nam Nguyen, Candice Vente, Cindy Chiu de Vázquez, Allan Bell, Hilary Kagume Njenge, Nirmal Kandel, Zheng Jie Marc Ho, Abbas Omaar, Stéphane de la Rocque and Stella Chungong
Content type:
1 December 2020
Under the International Health Regulations (2005) [IHR (2005)] Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, after action reviews (AAR) and simulation exercises (SimEx) are two critical components which measure the functionality of a country’s health emergency preparedness and response under a “real-life” event or simulated situation. The objective of this study was to describe the AAR and SimEx supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) globally in 2016–2019.

FDA efficiency for approval process of COVID-19 therapeutics

Infectious Agents and Cancer
http://www.infectagentscancer.com/content
[Accessed 05 Dec 2020]

 

Review
FDA efficiency for approval process of COVID-19 therapeutics
Authors: Christine Cassidy, Danielle Dever, Laura Stanbery, Gerald Edelman, Lance Dworkin and John Nemunaitis
1 December 2020
This review article examines the expedited FDA review process for remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine, and analyzes data and results from early clinical studies of both drugs.

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Status at 14 Days in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19A Randomized Clinical Trial

JAMA
December 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 21, Pages 2131-2222
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Original Investigation
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Status at 14 Days in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19A Randomized Clinical Trial
Wesley H. Self, MD, MPH; Matthew W. Semler, MD; Lindsay M. Leither, DO; et al.
free access has active quiz has audio
JAMA. 2020;324(21):2165-2176. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22240
This randomized trial compares the effects of hydroxychloroquine vs placebo on clinical status at 14 days (home, requiring noninvasive or invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hospitalized, died) among adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Key Points
Question:  Does treatment with hydroxychloroquine improve clinical outcomes of adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
Findings:  In this randomized clinical trial that included 479 hospitalized adults with respiratory symptoms from COVID-19, the distribution of the day 14 clinical status score (measured using a 7-category ordinal scale) was not significantly different for patients randomized to receive hydroxychloroquine compared with placebo (adjusted odds ratio, 1.02).
Meaning:  These findings do not support the use of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults.

Association of Use of a Meningococcus Group B Vaccine With Group B Invasive Meningococcal Disease Among Children in Portugal

JAMA
December 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 21, Pages 2131-2222
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Association of Use of a Meningococcus Group B Vaccine With Group B Invasive Meningococcal Disease Among Children in Portugal
Fernanda M. P. Rodrigues, PhD; Robin Marlow, PhD; Maria João Simões, PhD; et al.
has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(21):2187-2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.20449
This case-control study uses national hospital and immunization records in Portugal to estimates the difference in incidence of invasive group B meningococcal disease among children and adolescents who were immunized vs not immunized with 4CMenB, a 4-component meningococcus group B vaccine licensed in 2013.

Therapy for Early COVID-19 A Critical Need

JAMA
December 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 21, Pages 2131-2222
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Viewpoint
Therapy for Early COVID-19A Critical Need
Peter S. Kim, MD; Sarah W. Read, MD, MHS; Anthony S. Fauci, MD
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(21):2149-2150. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22813
In this Viewpoint, Fauci and NIAID colleagues review leading candidates for treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to prevent disease progression and longer-term complications, including emerging antiviral drugs, immune-modulating agents, and antibody-based therapies, and the challenges of developing randomized trials to rapidly evaluate the safety and efficacy of each.

The Challenges Ahead With Monoclonal Antibodies From Authorization to Access

JAMA
December 1, 2020, Vol 324, No. 21, Pages 2131-2222
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

The Challenges Ahead With Monoclonal AntibodiesFrom Authorization to Access
Robert H. Goldstein, MD, PhD; Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2020;324(21):2151-2152. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.21872
This Viewpoint discusses questions about clinical indication, supply, distribution, and cost and coverage that will need to be resolved if monoclonal antibodies are be granted Emergency Use Authorization or licensure and become available as treatment for COVID-19.

The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for quality :: Why continuing uncertainties are no reason to postpone challenge trials for coronavirus vaccines :: Uncertainty, error and informed consent to challenge trials of COVID-19 vaccines: response to Steel et al

Journal of Medical Ethics
December 2020 – Volume 46 – 12
http://jme.bmj.com/content/current

 

Covid 19 Current Controversies
The carnage of substandard research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for quality (1 October, 2020) Free
Katrina A Bramstedt
Abstract
Worldwide there are currently over 1200 research studies being performed on the topic of COVID-19. Many of these involve children and adults over age 65 years. There are also numerous studies testing investigational vaccines on healthy volunteers. No research team is exempt from the pressures and speed at which COVID-19 research is occurring. And this can increase the risk of honest error as well as misconduct. To date, 33 papers have been identified as unsuitable for public use and either retracted, withdrawn, or noted with concern. Asia is the source of most of these manuscripts (n=19; 57.6%) with China the largest Asian subgroup (n=11; 57.9%). This paper explores these findings and offers guidance for responsible research practice during pandemics.

Why continuing uncertainties are no reason to postpone challenge trials for coronavirus vaccines (13 July, 2020)
Robert Steel, Lara Buchak, Nir Eyal

Uncertainty, error and informed consent to challenge trials of COVID-19 vaccines: response to Steel et al (8 September, 2020) Free
Arnon Keren, Ori Lev

An African plan to control COVID-19 is urgently needed :: Action needed now to prevent further increases in measles and measles deaths in the coming years

The Lancet
Dec 05, 2020 Volume 396 Number 10265 p1777-1860, e90
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Editorial
An African plan to control COVID-19 is urgently needed
The Lancet

Comment
Action needed now to prevent further increases in measles and measles deaths in the coming years
Kim Mulholland, Katrina Kretsinger, Liya Wondwossen, Natasha Crowcroft
… The coming months are likely to see increasing numbers of unimmunised children who are susceptible to measles, many living in poor, remote communities where health systems are less resilient, and malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency are increasing. All these factors are likely to increase measles CFRs, creating the environment for measles to return in 2021, accompanied by increased mortality and the serious consequences of measles that were common decades ago.9
14 This is despite the fact that we have a highly cost-effective way to prevent this disease through measles vaccination.19
Three pillars of action are needed to address this concerning situation. First, urgent action is required to address the immediate risk of measles outbreaks by helping countries to reach unimmunised children through catch-up and campaigns. Second, countries need to prepare for the expected outbreaks. WHO and partners have developed a Strategic Response Plan to assist with measles outbreak prevention, preparedness, and response, and have launched a call to action and funding appeal.20
These additional resources would complement the support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which does not extend to many middle-income countries. Finally, the international community must not lose sight of measles and rubella elimination targets. The Measles & Rubella Initiative’s new Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2021–2030,21 aligned with WHO’s Immunization Agenda 2030,22
provides a plan for strengthening routine immunisation and surveillance. These are the solutions to end the cycle of inadequate immunisation and outbreaks of the past decade. Without concerted efforts now, it is likely that the coming years will see an increase in measles and its severe, frequently fatal, complications.

Tackling COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

The Lancet
Dec 05, 2020 Volume 396 Number 10265 p1777-1860, e90
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Tackling COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Ahmed Salim Al-Mandhari, Richard J Brennan, Abdinasir Abubakar, ana Hajjeh
The main challenges to the COVID-19 response in the EMR include information sharing, expanding public health measures, protecting health workers, achieving behaviour change, ensuring continuity of essential health services, and establishing reliable supply chains.

Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing

Lancet Digital Health
Dec 2020 Volume 2 Number 12 e629-e680
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Review
Artificial intelligence in COVID-19 drug repurposing
Yadi Zhou, et al
Summary
Drug repurposing or repositioning is a technique whereby existing drugs are used to treat emerging and challenging diseases, including COVID-19. Drug repurposing has become a promising approach because of the opportunity for reduced development timelines and overall costs. In the big data era, artificial intelligence (AI) and network medicine offer cutting-edge application of information science to defining disease, medicine, therapeutics, and identifying targets with the least error. In this Review, we introduce guidelines on how to use AI for accelerating drug repurposing or repositioning, for which AI approaches are not just formidable but are also necessary. We discuss how to use AI models in precision medicine, and as an example, how AI models can accelerate COVID-19 drug repurposing. Rapidly developing, powerful, and innovative AI and network medicine technologies can expedite therapeutic development. This Review provides a strong rationale for using AI-based assistive tools for drug repurposing medications for human disease, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Time to reality check the promises of machine learning-powered precision medicine

Lancet Digital Health
Dec 2020 Volume 2 Number 12 e629-e680
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Viewpoint
Time to reality check the promises of machine learning-powered precision medicine
Jack Wilkinson, et al
Summary
Machine learning methods, combined with large electronic health databases, could enable a personalised approach to medicine through improved diagnosis and prediction of individual responses to therapies. If successful, this strategy would represent a revolution in clinical research and practice. However, although the vision of individually tailored medicine is alluring, there is a need to distinguish genuine potential from hype. We argue that the goal of personalised medical care faces serious challenges, many of which cannot be addressed through algorithmic complexity, and call for collaboration between traditional methodologists and experts in medical machine learning to avoid extensive research waste.

Cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine for malaria during pregnancy: an analysis using efficacy results from Uganda and Kenya, and pooled data

Lancet Global Health
Dec 2020 Volume 8 Number 12 e1444-e1564
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine for malaria during pregnancy: an analysis using efficacy results from Uganda and Kenya, and pooled data
Silke Fernandes, et al.

Cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus single screening and treatment for the control of malaria in pregnancy in Papua, Indonesia: a provider perspective analysis from a cluster-randomised trial

Lancet Global Health
Dec 2020 Volume 8 Number 12 e1444-e1564
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Cost-effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus single screening and treatment for the control of malaria in pregnancy in Papua, Indonesia: a provider perspective analysis from a cluster-randomised trial
Lucy Paintain, et al.

Meningococcal carriage 7 years after introduction of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso: results from four cross-sectional carriage surveys

Lancet Infectious Diseases
Dec 2020 Volume 20 Number 12 p1349-1482, e298-e311
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Meningococcal carriage 7 years after introduction of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine in Burkina Faso: results from four cross-sectional carriage surveys
Sarah Mbaeyi, et al.
Open Access