Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
JANUARY 21, 2020
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Statement on Creation of Nonprofit Agricultural Research Institute
SEATTLE, January 21, 2020 – The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is in the process of creating a new 501(c)(3) nonprofit, Bill & Melinda Gates Agricultural Innovations, LLC, which seeks to accelerate the development of innovations supported by the foundation’s Agricultural Development team. The entity, to be known as Gates Ag One, aims to speed up efforts to provide smallholder farmers in developing countries, many of whom are women, with access to the affordable tools and innovations they need to sustainably improve crop productivity and adapt to the effects of climate change.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://cepi.net/
Latest news
CEPI to fund three programmes to develop vaccines against the novel coronavirus, nCoV-2019
23 Jan 2020
[See Milestones above for detail]

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
News: Martina Schüssler-Lenz re-elected as chair of Committee for Advanced Therapies
Last updated: 24/01/2020

Press release: Ten recommendations to unlock the potential of big data for public health in the EU
Last updated: 20/01/2020
Ten recommendations to unlock the potential of big data for public health in the EU (PDF/175.06 KB) (new) First published: 20/01/2020 EMA/689902/2019

European Vaccine Initiative [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.

FDA [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
No new digest content identified.

Fondation Merieux [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
No new digest content identified.

Gavi [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
24 January 2020
Gavi statement following the death of Peter Salama

23 January 2020
World leaders commit to Gavi’s vision to protect the next generation with vaccines
As Gavi celebrates its 20th anniversary at Davos, Germany and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation pledged catalytic support to Gavi, citing remarkable progress since 2000
Davos, 23 January 2020 – Global leaders committed to Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance’s vision to immunise hundreds of millions of children in the world’s poorest countries as they celebrated Gavi’s 20th anniversary at the World Economic Forum (WEF), citing remarkable progress since its inception in 2000.
Demonstrating outstanding leadership in global health, Chancellor Angela Merkel announced at WEF that Germany will commit €600 million for the 2021-25 five-year period…
…The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation also announced on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos that it will renew its US$ 75 million contribution to the Gavi Matching Fund, an innovative public-private funding mechanism that secures resources to incentivise private sector investments in immunisation…

GHIT Fund [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News & Stories
News
Global Fund Appoints New Head of Technical Advice & Partnerships
24 January 2020
GENEVA – The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria today announced the appointment of Michael Byrne as Head of the Technical Advice & Partnerships Department as the Global Fund strengthens technical expertise in disease teams.
“To step up the fight and most effectively leverage additional funds, we are elevating the capacity of our disease teams to help achieve global targets,” said Peter Sands, Executive Director of the Global Fund. “Michael will lead these efforts, and they should make a significant difference in our work with partners to accelerate progress against HIV, TB and malaria.”
Byrne brings 30 years of experience in international development including 13 years at the Global Fund…

News
Global Fund Grant in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
23 January 2020
The Global Fund has reached agreement with partners for a consolidated grant for tuberculosis and malaria in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and implementation of the grant has begun.
Under this grant, the drug-susceptible tuberculosis and malaria component will be implemented by UNICEF and the World Health Organization. The multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) component will be implemented by the Eugene Bell Foundation. With these revised implementation arrangements, the Global Fund is confident that partners can serve more people affected by tuberculosis and malaria, and achieve required levels of assurance that the grant is being implemented effectively.
The agreement was made possible by extensive collaboration by technical and development partners, and by the Government of DPRK. The Global Fund remains committed to supporting the health of people in DPRK, and thanks all partners for their continuous cooperation and collaboration during the grant negotiations.

Voices
Ending Tuberculosis is Good for Business – New Initiative Launched to End Tuberculosis in the Workplace
22 January 2020

Hilleman Laboratories [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
No new digest content identified.

International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
No new digest content identified.

IVAC [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
No new digest content identified.

IVI [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

JEE Alliance [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
Greece
Greece denies healthcare to seriously ill refugee children on Lesbos
Press Release 23 Jan 2020

Access to medicines
Our 2020 wishlist – five New Year’s resolutions for medical care
Campaign 22 Jan 2020

Access to medicines
Gavi must ensure more children get new, more affordable pneumonia vaccine
Press Release 21 Jan 2020
:: A new vaccine against one of the world’s deadliest childhood diseases – pneumonia – is now available at a more affordable price than existing vaccines.
:: Vaccine funding organisation, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, has a $1.5 billion funding programme for the pneumonia vaccine, of which 80 per cent has already been paid to two pharma giants.
:: MSF urges Gavi – and WHO, UNICEF and the Gates Foundation – to ensure that the remaining amount is spent to ensure access to this third, more affordable, vaccine to protect children.

National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC 2020 Meetings
February 13-14, 2020 NVAC Meeting
June 9-10, 2020 NVAC Meeting
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)

Update
The Fight Against Cervical Cancer Starts with HPV Vaccination

NIH [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
NIH officials discuss novel coronavirus that recently emerged in China
January 23, 2020 — Research underway to address latest viral threat:
CI Paules et al. Coronavirus infections: More than just the common cold. Journal of the American Medical Association. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.0757 (2020).

PATH [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Selected Announcements
No new digest content identified.

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
23 January 2020
Empowering young people living with HIV to became agents of change in Thailand

20 January 2020
Supporting communities to be involved in the AIDS response in Thailand

20 January 2020
Cash transfer schemes reduce the chances of adolescent girls and young women contracting HIV
Efforts aimed at redressing gender inequalities and socioeconomic inequities can mitigate factors that fuel the HIV epidemic.
In a study in Eswatini, cash transfers aimed at keeping adolescent girls and young women in school and giving them greater financial independence resulted in the odds of the recipients becoming HIV-positive being 25% lower than for people who were not eligible for the incentive.
Studies from Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi and the United Republic of Tanzania show that cash transfers help young people, especially girls, stay in school longer and do better in their studies. Other evidence indicates that cash grants that enable girls to continue their schooling also delay their sexual debut, increase their use of health services, reduce teen pregnancies and early marriage, and can promote safer sexual behaviours.

UNICEF [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
UNICEF mourns death of Dr. Peter Salama
Statement by Henrietta Fore, UNICEF Executive Director
24/01/2020

Press release
On World Education Day, UNICEF unveils latest innovation to improve education in emergencies: The High Performance Tent
23/01/2020

Press release
1 in 3 adolescent girls from the poorest households has never been to school
As the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting begins tomorrow and education ministers convene at the Education World Forum today, UNICEF urges policy-makers to address ‘shameful’ disparities in public education spending
19/01/2020

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
[Undated]
The European Regional Office of the Vaccine Confidence Project™
Professor Heidi Larson has recently joined the Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination (CEV), University of Antwerp, as associate professor, as the CEV at the Antwerp University will host the European Regional Office of the Vaccine Confidence Project™ as of May 15, 2019, and will closely collaborate with Vaccine Confidence Project partners at European level on implementing the Vaccine Confidence Index™ and developing and evaluating interventions to address vaccine hesitancy.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
Newsletter – January 2020
Announcements: December webinar archived

Wellcome Trust [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
No new digest content identified.

The Wistar Institute [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Release
Jan. 24, 2020
TP53 Genetic Variant Found in Individuals of African Descent is Linked to Iron Overload but May Improve Response to Malaria
Iron accumulation and defects in the antibacterial function of macrophages caused by the P47S variant result in a less severe inflammatory response.

Press Release
Jan. 23, 2020
Wistar Joins Global Effort to Expedite Coronavirus Vaccine Development for Outbreak Originating in China
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations Supports DNA Vaccine Based on Key Wistar Technology.
[See detail under Coronavirus above]

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
No new digest content identified.

::::::

ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

BIO [to 25 Jan 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

IFPMA [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
No new digest content identified.

PhRMA [to 25 Jan 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
No new digest content identified.

Industry Watch [to 25 Jan 2020]
:: Pfizer Vaccines Launches Global Centers of Excellence Network to Conduct Real-World Research on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Affecting Adults
University of Louisville Named First Center of Excellence
January 23, 2020
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) announced today the launch of its Vaccines Division’s Centers of Excellence Network, a global program of collaborations with academic institutions to conduct real-world epidemiologic research to accurately identify and measure the burden of specific vaccine-preventable diseases and potentially evaluate vaccine effectiveness affecting adults. Pfizer Vaccines has designated the University of Louisville as its first Center of Excellence with a second global center anticipated in the first half of 2020.
“The Centers of Excellence will complete comprehensive, disease surveillance and real-world vaccine effectiveness studies, which are distinctly different from clinical safety and efficacy research,” said Luis Jodar, Pfizer Vaccines, Chief Medical and Scientific Affairs Officer. “With strategically located research centers around the world, we anticipate being able to better define and understand global disease burden in adults and vaccine effectiveness, which will help provide robust evidence to national policymakers and health officials who develop recommendations for the use of vaccines in immunization programs worldwide.”
As Pfizer’s first Center of Excellence site, the University of Louisville will initially conduct two separate, large population-based epidemiological studies in adults: a one-year study of the incidence of infectious diarrhea with funding provided by Pfizer up to $6.5 million and a one-year study of the incidence of pneumonia with funding provided by Pfizer up to $4.5 million…

:: Moderna Announces Funding Award from CEPI to Accelerate Development of Messenger RNA (mRNA) Vaccine Against Novel Coronavirus
Collaboration includes the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and leverages flexibility of Moderna’s mRNA vaccine technology
January 23, 2020

:: Inovio Selected by CEPI to Develop Vaccine Against New Coronavirus Jan 23, 2020

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
February 2020 Volume 58, Issue 2, p165-312
http://www.ajpmonline.org/current

Research Articles
Hepatitis B Birth Dose Effects on Childhood Immunization in the U.S.
Daniel T. Vader, Brian K. Lee, Alison A. Evans
p208–215
Published in issue: February 2020

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Debate
Legal and ethical framework for global health information and biospecimen exchange – an international perspective
The progress of electronic health technologies and biobanks holds enormous promise for efficient research. Evidence shows that studies based on sharing and secondary use of data/samples have the potential to significantly advance medical knowledge. However, sharing of such resources for international collaboration is hampered by the lack of clarity about ethical and legal requirements for transfer of data and samples across international borders.
Authors: Lara Bernasconi, Selçuk Şen, Luca Angerame, Apolo P. Balyegisawa, Damien Hong Yew Hui, Maximilian Hotter, Chung Y. Hsu, Tatsuya Ito, Francisca Jörger, Wolfgang Krassnitzer, Adam T. Phillips, Rui Li, Louise Stockley, Fabian Tay, Charlotte von Heijne Widlund, Ming Wan…
Content type: Debate
21 January 2020

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Research Article
The research burden of randomized controlled trial participation: a systematic thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence
Participation in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may be quite demanding and could represent an important burden for patients. We aimed to explore this research burden (i.e., the psychological, physical, an…
Authors: Nivantha Naidoo, Van Thu Nguyen, Philippe Ravaud, Bridget Young, Philippe Amiel, Daniel Schanté, Mike Clarke and Isabelle Boutron
Citation: BMC Medicine 2020 18:6
Published on: 20 January 2020

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Strengthening routine immunization in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional provincial assessment of front-line services
Routine immunization programs face many challenges in settings such as Papua New Guinea with dispersed rural populations, rugged geography and limited resources for transport and health. Low routine coverage c…
Authors: Christopher J. Morgan, Olga P. M. Saweri, Nicholas Larme, Elizabeth Peach, Pele Melepia, Lucy Au, Michelle J. L. Scoullar, Mohammad Salim Reza, Lisa M. Vallely, Barbara I. McPake and James G. Beeson
Citation: BMC Public Health 2020 20:100
Content type: Research article
Published on: 23 January 2020

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume 26, Number 2—February 2020
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/

Perspective
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Transmission [PDF – 442 KB – 8 pages]
M. E. Killerby et al.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume 26, Number 2—February 2020
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/

Synopses
Public Health Program for Decreasing Risk for Ebola Virus Disease Resurgence from Survivors of the 2013–2016 Outbreak, Guinea [PDF – 493 KB – 6 pages]
M. Keita et al.

Ethics & Human Research
Volume 42, Issue 1 Pages: 1-40 January–February 2020
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

Off‐Trial Access :: Deception :: Crowdsourced Research :: Single IRBs
Articles
Oversight of Right‐to‐Try and Expanded Access Requests for Off‐Trial Access to Investigational Drugs
Carolyn Riley Chapman, Jared Eckman, Alison S. Bateman‐House
Pages: 2-13
First Published: 22 January 2020

The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/30/1

Crowdsourced Research: Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Exploitation
Adrian Kwek

Pages: 22-35
First Published: 22 January 2020

The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/30/1

Health policy
Cost-effectiveness of public health interventions against human influenza pandemics in France: a methodological contribution from the FLURESP European Commission project
Ariel Beresniak, Caterina Rizzo, John Oxford, Paweł Goryński, Adriana Pistol …
Eur J Public Health, Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 43–49, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz074

The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/30/1

Individual preferences for voluntary vs. mandatory vaccination policies: an experimental analysis
Nicolas W Meier, Robert Böhm, Lars Korn, Cornelia Betsch
Eur J Public Health, Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 50–55, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz181

The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/30/1

Infectious disease
Identifying people at risk for influenza with low vaccine uptake based on deprivation status: a systematic review
Vladimir Vukovic, Roberto Lillini, Silvia Lupi, Francesca Fortunato, Michela Cicconi …
Eur J Public Health, Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 132–141, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky264

Health Research Policy and Systems

[Accessed 25 Jan 2020]

A scoping review of the uses and institutionalisation of knowledge for health policy in low- and middle-income countries
There is growing interest in how different forms of knowledge can strengthen policy-making in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) health systems. Additionally, health policy and systems researchers are incre…

Authors: Adam D. Koon, Lauren Windmeyer, Maryam Bigdeli, Jodi Charles, Fadi El Jardali, Jesse Uneke and Sara Bennett
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2020 18:7
Content type: Review
Published on: 20 January 2020

Human Gene Therapy
Volume 31, Issue 1-2 / January 2020
https://www.liebertpub.com/toc/hum/31/1-2

Editorials Free Access
2020: Gene Therapy Enters Its Fourth Decade
Terence R. Flotte and Guangping Gao
Published Online: 21 Jan 2020

Human Gene Therapy
Volume 31, Issue 1-2 / January 2020
https://www.liebertpub.com/toc/hum/31/1-2

Reviews Free
Public Acceptability of Gene Therapy and Gene Editing for Human Use: A Systematic Review
Juliette Delhove, Ivana Osenk, Ivanka Prichard, and Martin Donnelley
Pages:20–46
Published Online:5 December 2019
https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2019.197
Abstract
Gene therapy and gene editing technologies are complex and it can be difficult for the public to understand their possible benefits or side effects. However, patient and public support is critical for the successful adoption of any new technology. Given the recent advances in gene therapy and gene editing, their potential clinical benefits, and the significant attention that has been given to the first-known successful attempt at permanent and heritable changes to the human genome, a systematic review was performed to assess beliefs and attitudes toward gene therapy and gene editing for human use, and to highlight the factors that influence acceptability. A systematic search following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was undertaken in April 2018 to identify articles examining opinions and attitudes regarding the acceptability of gene therapy and gene editing. Overall, 1,561 records were retrieved from 4 databases (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science). Duplicates were removed, and titles and abstracts independently screened, leaving 86 full-text articles assessed for eligibility. Following full-text review, 33 were included, with 5 articles added after forward/backward searching. An additional three articles were added following an updated search in March 2019 (total n=41). Findings from the studies were integrated according to common themes: the impact of demographics; risks versus benefits of success; treatment specifics (e.g., medical vs. other reasons; disease severity and status; somatic vs. germ line; and mode of delivery); moral or ethical issues; and changes with time. In general, perceptions were positive, particularly for medical reasons and fatal diseases, but were also influenced by perceived risk. Somatic therapies had higher levels of acceptability than germ line therapies. While available in various forms, limitations exist in the measurement of perceptions of gene therapy and gene editing. Treatment acceptability is essential for future clinical trials, so it is important for scientists and clinicians to be clear about the risks and benefits of these technologies, and how these are communicated to the public, while encouraging education about genetic therapies to a broad range of individuals.

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

[Accessed 25 Jan 2020]

Crowdsourcing in health and medical research: a systematic review
Authors: Cheng Wang, Larry Han, Gabriella Stein, Suzanne Day, Cedric Bien-Gund, Allison Mathews, Jason J. Ong, Pei-Zhen Zhao, Shu-Fang Wei, Jennifer Walker, Roger Chou, Amy Lee, Angela Chen, Barry Bayus and Joseph D. Tucker

Content type: Scoping Review
20 January 2020

International Health
Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2020
https://academic.oup.com/inthealth/issue/12/1

Original Articles
Re-evaluating herd protection by Vi typhoid vaccine in a cluster randomized trial
Mohammad Ali, Dipika Sur, Suman Kanungo, Firdausi Qadri, Deok Ryun Kim …
Int Health, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 36–42, https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz069

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 220, Issue 12, 15 December 2019
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/220/12

PERSPECTIVE
Editor’s Choice
Eradicating Measles: A Call for an Exceptional Coordinated Global Effort
David N Durrheim, Jon K Andrus, Günter Pfaff, Shahina Tabassum, Hyam Bashour …
J Infect Dis, Volume 220, Issue 12, 15 December 2019, Pages 1870–1872, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz011

Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 220, Issue 12, 15 December 2019
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/220/12

REVIEW ARTICLE
The Double-Edged Sword of Military Response to Societal Disruptions: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Military Personnel as Pathogen Transmitters
Juliana N Zemke, Jose L Sanchez, Junxiong Pang, Gregory C Gray
J Infect Dis, Volume 220, Issue 12, 15 December 2019, Pages 1873–1884, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz400
vvvMilitary personnel are at risk of serving as inadvertent vectors of infectious pathogens into or out of deployment zones. Such events published in peer-reviewed literature are summarized to provide historical context and suggestions for prevention and containment of future outbreaks.

Medical Decision Making (MDM)
Volume 40 Issue 1, January 2020
http://mdm.sagepub.com/content/current

Original Articles
Does Animation Improve Comprehension of Risk Information in Patients with Low Health Literacy? A Randomized Trial
Enhanced visual effects, like animation, have the potential to improve comprehension of probabilistic risk information, particularly for those with lower health literacy
Ashley J. Housten, Geetanjali R. Kamath, Therese B. Bevers, Scott B. Cantor, Nickell Dixon, Andre Hite, Michael A. Kallen, Viola B. Leal, Liang Li, Robert J. Volk
First Published December 3, 2019; pp. 17–28

Nature
Volume 577 Issue 7791, 23 January 2020
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

Editorial | 21 January 2020
Stop the Wuhan virus
Vigilance, preparedness, speed, transparency and global coordination are now crucial to stopping a new infectious disease from becoming a global emergency.

New England Journal of Medicine
January 23, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Original Articles
Vaccination of Infants with Meningococcal Group B Vaccine (4CMenB) in England S.N. Ladhani and Others

New England Journal of Medicine
January 23, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Meningococcal B Vaccine and Meningococcal Carriage in Adolescents in Australia H.S. Marshall and Others

New England Journal of Medicine
January 23, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Editorial
Good News and Bad News — 4CMenB Vaccine for Group B Neisseria meningitidisL. H. Harrison and D.S. Stephens

New England Journal of Medicine
January 23, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Clinical Decisions
Choosing a Mass Immunization Program against Meningococcal
BK. Wu, E.K. Mulholland, and K.M. Edwards

New England Journal of Medicine
January 23, 2020 Vol. 382 No. 4
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Clinical Decisions
Choosing a Mass Immunization Program against Meningococcal BK. Wu, E.K. Mulholland, and K.M. Edwards

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Implementation of a mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in both rural and urban regions in southern Malawi
Carlos Sánchez-Soriano, Andrew D. Gibson, Luke Gamble, Jordana L. Burdon Bailey, Dagmar Mayer, Frederic Lohr, Patrick Chikungwa, Julius Chulu, Ian G. Handel, Barend M. deC. Bronsvoort, Richard J. Mellanby, Stella Mazeri
Research Article | published 23 Jan 2020 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008004

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Towards a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance on the farm: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey across livestock systems in five African countries
Mark A. Caudell, Alejandro Dorado-Garcia, Suzanne Eckford, Chris Creese, Denis K. Byarugaba, Kofi Afakye, Tamara Chansa-Kabali, Folorunso O. Fasina, Emmanuel Kabali, Stella Kiambi, Tabitha Kimani, Geoffrey Mainda, Peter E. Mangesho, Francis Chimpangu, Kululeko Dube, Bashiru Boi Kikimoto, Eric Koka, Tendai Mugara, Bachana Rubegwa, Samuel Swiswa
Research Article | published 24 Jan 2020 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220274

Public Health
Volume 178 Pages 1-182 (January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/178/suppl/C

Review article Full text access
Assessing sociodemographic differences in human papillomavirus vaccine impact studies in the United States: a systematic review using narrative synthesis
L.R. Avni-Singer, A. Yakely, S.S. Sheth, E.D. Shapiro, … C.R. Oliveira
Pages 137-150

Public Health
Volume 178 Pages 1-182 (January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/178/suppl/C

Research article Full text access
Supporting informed decision-making about vaccination: an analysis of two official websites
M. Vivion, C. Hennequin, P. Verger, E. Dubé
Pages 112-119

Public Health
Volume 178 Pages 1-182 (January 2020)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/178/suppl/C

Research article Open access
Consent for newborn screening: screening professionals’ and parents’ views
F. Ulph, N. Dharni, R. Bennett, T. Lavender
Pages 151-158

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
https://www.dovepress.com/risk-management-and-healthcare-policy-archive56

Original Research
Pharmacovigilance Perception and Knowledge Among Pharmacists and Interns in Saudi Arabia
Alshayban D, Mahmoud MA, Islam MA, Alshammari S, Alsulaiman D
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ²⁰²⁰, 13:55-61
Published Date: 24 January 2020

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 25 Jan 2020)

Open Access Article
Vaccination Programs for Adults in Europe, 2019
by Dimitrios C. Cassimos , Evgnosia Effraimidou , Snezana Medic , Theoharis Konstantinidis , Maria Theodoridou and Helena C. Maltezou
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010034 – 20 Jan 2020
Viewed by 97
Abstract
Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults. Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries. Results: Vaccination programs for adults were in place in all countries. However, there were considerable differences between countries in terms of number of vaccinations, target populations and frame of implementation (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). In particular the following vaccination policies were in place: influenza (42 countries), tetanus (31), diphtheria (30), pneumococcus (29), hepatitis B (20), pertussis (18), measles (14), human papilloma virus (14), meningococcus tetravalent A,C,W,Y (14), rubella (13), hepatitis A (11), mumps (11), poliomyelitis (10), herpes zoster (9), varicella (8), tick-born encephalitis (8), meningococcus B (6), rabies (6), Haemophilus influenzae type b (5), tuberculosis (3), typhoid fever (3), meningococcus C (2), and yellow fever (1). Seventeen countries implement mandatory vaccinations, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. Conclusions: There are significant differences in vaccination programs for adults in Europe. Routine vaccination programs for adults need to be strengthened. A consensus-based vaccination program is needed.
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness)

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Journal of Adolescent Health
Available online 20 January 2020
Original article
Calling the Shots? Adolescents’ Influence on Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision-Making During Clinical Encounters
ATHR Fenton, TJ Eun, JA Clark, RB Perkins
The aim of the study was to examine adolescents’ influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making and receipt during clinical visits.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
The Wuhan Coronavirus: Is China’s Quarantine Ethical? – The Atlantic
China’s attempt to curb a viral outbreak is a radical experiment in authoritarian medicine
James Hamblin
January 24, 2020

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Coronavirus
China reports rising death toll from coronavirus 
January 25, 2020

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
The Wuhan Virus: How to Stay Safe
As China’s epidemic continues to spread, things may seem scary. Here are ten simple precautions that can protect you from contracting the coronavirus.
Report | January 25, 2020,
Laurie Garrett

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
Europe
With Wuhan Virus Genetic Code in Hand, Scientists Begin Work on a Vaccine
By Reuters Jan 25, 2020

Washington Post
https://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
January 23, 2020
Why HTA and Pooled Purchasing Must Be at the Heart of Global Health Transitions
As middle income countries transition from donor support and increasingly use domestic funds to finance health programmes that have previously received substantial external aid, it is imperative that they build and use Health Technology Assessment capacities so that they can prioritise investment in good value technologies and services.
Kalipso Chalkidou and Robert Hecht

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new relevant content]

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 25 Jan 2020
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

WHO :: Urgent health challenges for the next decade
13 January 2020
As a new year and a new decade kick off, WHO is releasing a list of urgent, global health challenges. This list, developed with input from our experts around the world, reflects a deep concern that leaders are failing to invest enough resources in core health priorities and systems. This puts lives, livelihoods and economies in jeopardy. None of these issues are simple to address, but they are within reach. Public health is ultimately a political choice.

We need to realize that health is an investment in the future. Countries invest heavily in protecting their people from terrorist attacks, but not against the attack of a virus, which could be far more deadly, and far more damaging economically and socially. A pandemic could bring economies and nations to their knees. Which is why health security cannot be a matter for ministries of health alone.

All the challenges in this list demand a response from more than just the health sector. We face shared threats and we have a shared responsibility to act. With the deadline for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals quickly approaching, the United Nations General Assembly has underscored that the next 10 years must be the “decade of action“.

This means advocating for national funding to address gaps in health systems and health infrastructure, as well as providing support to the most vulnerable countries. Investing now will save lives – and money – later. The cost of doing nothing is one we cannot afford.

Governments, communities, and international agencies must work together to achieve these critical goals. There are no shortcuts to a healthier world. 2030 is fast approaching, and we must hold our leaders accountable for their commitments.

Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General 

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

Wuhan – Coronavirus
 
CEPI Blog
Newly discovered coronavirus in Wuhan China
CEO, Richard Hatchett discusses how the rapid publication of the genetic sequence of the newly discovered beta coronavirus could help speed up the development of diagnostic tests, case…
17 Jan 2020
The world faces a new disease threat from a previously unknown pneumonia-causing virus in China – but the good news is scientists already have vital genetic data that will help speed the development of diagnostic tests, case detection and, potentially, a vaccine.

The decision by Chinese authorities to release the genetic sequence of the newly discovered beta coronavirus (labelled 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization) for researchers worldwide exemplifies the transparency needed to tackle unfolding public health emergencies.

The rapid publication of genetic sequences, less than a month after the ‘mystery’ disease caused the first of a cluster of pneumonia cases in the Chinese city of Wuhan, demonstrates the speed we can now achieve in identifying and characterizing new threats (by comparison, the sequencing and sharing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus took 6 months from initial case identification in November 2002).

Understanding the genetic make-up of 2019-nCoV is vital for learning how closely related it is to SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), the other beta coronaviruses that have presented significant epidemic threats in recent years. Sequencing facilitates the development of PCR-based diagnostics, which in turn will help hospitals and public health authorities test for new cases and track the global spread of the disease. The genome data is also essential as researchers seek to fast-track work on a vaccine using cutting-edge technology platforms. Such platforms use standard components as a backbone but can be adapted to fight specific diseases by plugging in their genetic sequences as this information becomes available.

Disease outbreaks present a unique opportunity for research, but this can only happen if experts in different countries share information promptly. China’s openness in this case is therefore hugely welcome.

So far, two people have died and dozens of others have been hospitalised with pneumonia in China. Over the past week, two confirmed cases have also been reported in Thailand, with an additional case in Japan. While there was no relation between cases, all three had recently visited Wuhan. With possible limited human-to-human transmission, the World Health Organization is braced for the possibility of 2019-nCoV spreading further, especially ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday, beginning on January 25, when many millions of Chinese citizens are expected to travel.

CEPI has been monitoring the situation since the outbreak was first reported and we are working closely with WHO, who is leading the development of a coordinated international response. Within CEPI, we have convened our response steering committee to explore how we can contribute to the global effort to better understand and fight this disease. Our Scientific Advisory Committee has met twice and advised that we take early steps in vaccine development in case the situation worsens, and we have kept the Executive and Investment Committee of CEPI’s Board apprised of both these recommendations and developments more generally.

While additional investigation into 2019-nCoV is now needed to ascertain transmission routes and the source of exposure, the decision by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Academy of Science and the Chinese Academy of Medical Science to share the genome sequence of the new virus with the world is a model for how scientists and government agencies must collaborate to tackle future disease threats.

 
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CDC [U.S.] Public Health Screening to Begin at 3 U.S. Airports for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“2019-nCoV”)
Friday, January 17, 2020
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department of Homeland Security’s Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will implement enhanced health screenings to detect ill travelers traveling to the United States on direct or connecting flights from Wuhan, China. This activity is in response to an outbreak in China caused by a novel (new) coronavirus (2019 nCoV), with exported cases to Thailand and Japan.

Starting January 17, 2020, travelers from Wuhan to the United States will undergo entry screening for symptoms associated with 2019-nCoV at three U.S. airports that receive most of the travelers from Wuhan, China: San Francisco (SFO), New York (JFK), and Los Angeles (LAX) airports.

“To further protect the health of the American public during the emergence of this novel coronavirus, CDC is beginning entry screening at three ports of entry. Investigations into this novel coronavirus are ongoing and we are monitoring and responding to this evolving situation,” said Martin Cetron, M.D., Director of CDC’s Division of Global Migration and Quarantine.

Based on current information, the risk from 2019-nCoV to the American public is currently deemed to be low. Nevertheless, CDC is taking proactive preparedness precautions.

Entry screening is part of a layered approach used with other public health measures already in place to detect arriving travelers who are sick (such as detection and reporting of ill travelers by airlines during travel and referral of ill travelers arriving at a US port of entry by CBP) to slow and reduce the spread of any disease into the United States.

CDC is deploying about 100 additional staff to the three airports (SFO, JFK, and LAX) to supplement existing staff at CDC quarantine stations located at those airports…

 
::::::
 
13 January 2020   News release
WHO statement on novel coronavirus in Thailand
The World Health Organization (WHO) is working with officials in Thailand and China following reports of confirmation of the novel coronavirus in a person in Thailand.
The person was a traveler from Wuhan, China, and was identified by Thai officials on 8 January, and hospitalized that day. The person is recovering from the illness according to Thai officials.
The possibility of cases being identified in other countries was not unexpected, and reinforces why WHO calls for on-going active monitoring and preparedness in other countries. WHO has issued guidance on how to detect and treat persons ill with the new virus.
The genetic sequencing shared by China enables more countries to rapidly diagnose patients.
WHO reiterates that it is essential that investigations continue in China to identify the source of this outbreak and any animal reservoirs or intermediate hosts.
Given developments, WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus will consult with Emergency Committee members and could call for a meeting of the committee on short notice.

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::::::
 

Lack of new antibiotics threatens global efforts to contain drug-resistant infections
17 January 2020   WHO News release

Declining private investment and lack of innovation in the development of new antibiotics are undermining efforts to combat drug-resistant infections, says the World Health Organization (WHO).

Two new reports reveal a weak pipeline for antibiotic agents. The 60 products in development (50 antibiotics and 10 biologics) bring little benefit over existing treatments and very few target the most critical resistant bacteria (Gram-negative bacteria).

While pre-clinical candidates (those in early-stage testing) are more innovative, it will take years before they reach patients.

“Never has the threat of antimicrobial resistance been more immediate and the need for solutions more urgent,” says Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. “Numerous initiatives are underway to reduce resistance, but we also need countries and the pharmaceutical industry to step up and contribute with sustainable funding and innovative new medicines.”

The reports (Antibacterial agents in clinical development – an analysis of the antibacterial clinical development pipeline and its companion publication, Antibacterial agents in preclinical development) also found that research and development for antibiotics is primarily driven by small- or medium-sized enterprises with large pharmaceutical companies continuing to exit the field…

 
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::::::
 

IAVI Makes Available Unique Dataset and Samples from Pioneering HIV/AIDS Study in Africa to Researchers

NEW YORK — 14 JANUARY 2020 — Today IAVI, a nonprofit scientific research organization dedicated to addressing urgent, unmet global health challenges, announces the launch of IAVI DataSpace, an open-access, online portal to a one-of-a-kind dataset from a study of early HIV infection in a unique sub-Saharan African cohort. Researchers from across the world are invited to interact with the data through powerful visualization tools that help them understand the interplay between HIV and the human immune system and the complex dynamics of HIV transmission. IAVI DataSpace, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), is backed by an extensive sample library also available to researchers.

The data and samples were collected in IAVI’s landmark USAID-funded Protocol C epidemiological study between 2006 and 2017. The study followed 613 participants newly infected with HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa, including heterosexual men and women with a regular HIV-positive sex partner; at-risk young women, including sex workers; and men who have sex with men. The data convey years of immunological events from the earliest stages of HIV infection. Aggregate data from the Protocol C cohort are freely available on the portal; researchers who wish to analyze anonymized participant-level data and samples may request access.

Professor Jill Gilmour, Ph.D., Executive Director, Human Immunology, and Principal Investigator, IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory (HIL) at Imperial College London, said, “We are gratified that USAID support is allowing us to make this truly unique dataset widely available to the HIV research community, and especially to researchers in Africa. These data represent diverse African populations, risk groups, and viral genetics of HIV acquired through various modes of transmission, giving researchers insights into the complexity of HIV transmission and infection. The fact that Protocol C researchers collected samples from a complete spectrum of viral control — from participants who had poor viral control to those called elite controllers — makes us hopeful that these data could drive discoveries eventually leading to new HIV prevention tools and even novel treatment approaches.”…

 
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Stronger Food and Drug Regulatory Systems Abroad
National Academies   15 Jan 2020
Overview
By recent estimates, unsafe food kills over 400,000 people a year—a third ofthem children under 5, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, poor quality medicines cause about 70,000 excess deaths from childhood pneumonia and roughly 8,500 to 20,000 deaths from malaria every year. Ensuring the safety and quality of food and medicines in a country is an important role of government and essential for public health.
The capacity of regulatory systems abroad is of special interest to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Global Policy and Strategy, the office that commissioned this study and a similar one released in 2012. This report discusses changes in the field since the 2012 study and outlines a strategy to strengthen food and medical products regulatory systems in low- and middle-income countries, recommending actions at the global, national and agency levels (see condensed recommendations table).

PDF: http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2020/stronger-food-and-drug-regulatory-systems-abroad.aspx?utm_source=HMD+Email+List&utm_campaign=6f808a19d4-ncpf-pw-Dec1_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_211686812e-6f808a19d4-180590365&mc_cid=6f808a19d4&mc_eid=f3b6c2ba44

Emergencies

Ebola – DRC+
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Ebola Outbreak in DRC 75: 14 January 2020
Situation Update
From 6 to 12 January 2020, eight new confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) were reported from Mabalako, Beni, and Musienene Health Zones in North Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Of these cases, three were reported in Beni Health Zone, where no cases had been reported for 29 days, and one was reported in Musienene Health Zone, where no cases had been reported for 132 days. These four cases are linked to the transmission chain that originated in Aloya Health Area, Mabalako Health Zone, and were not unexpected given known links between Mabalako and Beni…

…Vaccines
:: From 8 August 2018 to 12 January 2020, 265 309 people were vaccinated with the rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine.
:: Vaccination with the Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo vaccine continued in Karisimbi Health Zone, with 5684 people vaccinated since its introduction on 14 November 2019.

…Risk communication, social mobilization and community engagement
:: Traditional healers and managers of private structures which had contact with suspected EVD cases participated in response activities after community dialogue in Aloya, Mabalako Health Zone.
:: A forum for popular expression was also organized with village chiefs and civil society leaders to address questions related to vaccination activities in Métal and Aloya Health Zones.
:: Teams continue to involve local actors in communication and vaccination activities in Lwemba and Biakato.

::::::

DR Congo: Red Cross volunteers attacked during Ebola burial
Goma/Nairobi/Geneva, 15 January 2020 – Two volunteers from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) Red Cross were seriously injured following an attack during a safe and dignified burial of a suspected Ebola case near Mambasa, in eastern DR Congo on Monday, 13 January. The volunteers are now in hospital, receiving medical care and psychosocial support.

DR Congo Red Cross teams have faced incidents of violence and aggression from communities resisting safe and dignified burial protocols since the start of the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu and Ituri.  In this most recent attack, the family had consented to the burial but rumours and panic quickly spread among the community resulting in a violent assault against the Red Cross team.

Grégoire Mateso Mbuta, President of the DR Congo Red Cross Society said: “This incident is a stark reminder of the serious risks our volunteers face when they carry out the dangerous task of safe and dignified burials. While we deplore any violence towards our volunteers or staff, we understand first hand, the fear and frustration that communities harbour and shall continue to render the needed services to the affected populations.”

The current Ebola outbreak, which began on 1 August 2018, is unfolding in an area affected by a two decades-long conflict that has claimed countless lives and raised fear and hostility towards responders.

Building community trust and acceptance has been at the core of the Red Cross’ Ebola response operations. This investment has paid off. Since the beginning of the outbreak nearly 20,000 successful safe and dignified burials have been conducted with a consistently high success rate.
Red Cross volunteers continue to work within affected communities, listening to concerns and gathering feedback that is then analysed and used to provide improved support to people in need. As a result, community resistance for safe and dignified burials has drastically declined over the course of the operation.

Nicole Fassina, Ebola Operations Manager for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) said: “While we experienced an overall improvement in community’s acceptance of burials, this attack underscores why we cannot become complacent. The Red Cross will continue to engage and involve communities in the Ebola response if we want to bring this outbreak to end.”

::::::

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/

Polio this week as of 14 January 2020
:: Pakistan intensifies cVDPV2 response efforts, focusing on comprehensive outbreak response, strengthened routine immunization, communication and enhanced surveillance.

Summary of new viruses this week (AFP cases and ES positives):
:: Pakistan:  seven WPV1 cases; and, five WPV1-positive environmental samples
:: Angola:  two cVDPV2 cases
:: Benin:  one cVDPV2 case
:: Central African Republic (CAR):  two cVDPV2 cases
:: Ghana:  one cVDPV2 case; and, six cVDPV2-positive environmental samples
:: Malaysia:  one cVDPV1-positive environmental sample; and, one cVDPV2-positive environmental sample
:: Philippines:  two cVDPV2 cases
:: Togo:  two cVDPV2 cases

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Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 18 Jan 2020]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Ebola Outbreak in DRC 75: 14 January 2020
[See Ebola above for detail]

Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 18 Jan 2020]
Iraq
:: WHO assesses capacity and preparedness of Al Jumhury Teaching Hospital for influenza
Erbil, Iraq, 14 January 2020

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Angola – No new digest announcements identified
Burkina Faso [in French] – No new digest announcements identified
Burundi – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
HIV in Pakistan – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi floods – No new digest announcements identified
Measles in Europe – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 18 Jan 2020]

Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Syrian Arab Republic: Recent Developments in Northwestern Syria Situation Report No. 6 – As of 15 January 2020

Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth – No new digest announcements identified
EBOLA OUTBREAK IN THE DRC – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO & Regional Offices [to 18 Jan 2020]
17 January 2020 News release
From political commitment to concrete reality: moving ahead on UHC in 2020

17 January 2020 News release
Lack of new antibiotics threatens global efforts to contain drug-resistant infections

13 January 2020 News release
WHO statement on novel coronavirus in Thailand

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Weekly Epidemiological Record, 17 January 2020, vol. 95, 03 (pp. 13–24)
Report of the third Global Forum of Malaria-eliminating Countries, 18–20 June 2019, Wuxi, China

::::::

WHO African Regions Immunization Technical Advisory Group (RITAG)
:: Call for nominations pdf, 147kb Deadline for applications: 28 February 2020
:: RITAG Terms of Reference pdf, 211kb
:: RITAG application annexes pdf, 91kb

::::::

GIN November and December 2019 pdf, 2.83Mb
13 January 2020

::::::

WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: Three African countries halt polio outbreaks 20 December 2019
Kenya, Mozambique and Niger have curbed polio outbreaks that erupted in different episodes over the past 24 months, allowing them to regain their polio-free status, World Health Organization (WHO) announced today.
:: WHO unveils plan to tackle rising HIV drug resistance in Africa 06 December 2019
WHO and partners unveil a five-year plan to monitor, prevent and respond to growing HIV drug resistance in Africa. HIV drug resistance is threatening the significant progress made in the global fight against the virus.

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
No new digest content identified.

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: WHO/Europe and Norway discuss improving affordable access to innovative medicines 16-01-2020
:: Violence against children: tackling hidden abuse 13-01-2020

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: WHO responds to urgent health needs in El Geneina, West Darfur 14 January 2020
:: WHO assesses hospital’s influenza preparedness in Erbil 14 January 2020

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: China virus outbreak shows Asia needs to step up infection preparation
Region is safer after epidemic lessons but new diseases always arising 15 January 2020

CDC/ACIP [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
Friday, January 17, 2020
Public Health Screening to Begin at 3 U.S. Airports for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“2019-nCoV”)
[See Milestones above for detail]

Africa CDC [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
2020-01-12
China to share with WHO new-type coronavirus’ genome sequence: official
[See Milestones above for detail]

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
Hodgkin lymphoma recruits and trains immune cells to help it thrive
January 14, 2020
Study also highlights possible new targets for treatment, how to better tailor cancer therapies for individual patients

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
01.13.2020
CARB-X funds Trellis Bioscience to support the development of a monoclonal antibody designed to disrupt superbugs’ protective coating so that antibiotics can kill them
CARB-X is awarding Trellis Bioscience, of Redwood City, California, USA, up to $3.2 million in non-dilutive funding, with the possibility of $3.8 million more if certain project milestones are met, to develop an innovative monoclonal antibody designed to disrupt the protective biofilm that makes bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://cepi.net/
Latest news
Newly discovered coronavirus in Wuhan China
Our CEO, Richard Hatchett, discusses how the rapid publication of the genetic sequence of the newly discovered beta coronavirus could help speed up the development of diagnostic tests, case…
Blog 17 Jan 2020
[See Milestones above for detail]

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News & Press Releases
News: Mandatory use of international standard for the reporting of side effects to improve safety of medicines
Last updated: 15/01/2020
At its December 2019 meeting, EMA’s Management Board agreed to the mandatory use of a consistent international format, the ISO ICSR format, for reporting individual cases of suspected side effects in patients across the world. This follows a recommendation from EMA’s safety committee (PRAC) in October 2019. The use of the new international standard will become mandatory as of 30 June 2022 for all reporting to EudraVigilance, the European database of suspected side effects with medicines authorised in the European Economic Area (EEA).

The ISO ICSR standard is based on the ICH E2B(R3) modalities for the reporting of suspected side effects of medicines in individual case safety reports (ICSRs). Compared to the older reporting formats it improves the quality of data collected and increases the ability to search and analyse these data. This will better support regulatory authorities and companies to detect and address safety issues with medicines and therefore protect patients. In addition, the ISO standard strengthens personal data protection in the records of ICSRs collected by regulatory authorities and companies.

A guide , jointly developed by EMA and the Heads of Medicines Agencies (HMA), was published in 2015 to help pharmaceutical companies, sponsors of clinical trials and medicines regulatory authorities in EU Member States prepare for the use of the new standard. The guide specifically defines the electronic transmission process of ICSRs, the format and content of the ICSR, the business rules for report validation, as well as classification and data quality principles. It also assists software providers and IT developers in the development of pharmacovigilance and safety databases…

European Vaccine Initiative [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
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FDA [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
Press Announcements
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Fondation Merieux [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
News, Events
The Malagasy Ministry of Education and Technical and Vocational training and the Mérieux Foundation sign an agreement to promote good health practices in schools
January 9, 2020 – Anosy, Antananarivo (Madagascar)
Her Excellency, Marie Thérèse Volahaingo, Minister of the Malagasy Ministry of Education and Technical and Vocational Training, and Luciana Rakotoarisoa, Manager of the Mérieux Foundation in Madagascar, have signed a partnership agreement for the distribution of health education kits throughout the country’s schools…

Gavi [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.gavi.org/
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GHIT Fund [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News & Stories
Updates
Data Service: Country Coordinating Mechanism Contacts
17 January 2020

Updates
Data Explorer: Location Detail Pages
14 January 2020

Hilleman Laboratories [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
News
Hilleman Laboratories Expands into Maternal and Child Health; Plans to Develop a Novel Vaccine Against Group B Streptococcus
16th January 2020, New Delhi: In a bid to strengthen its vaccine portfolio and expand into areas of unmet need, Hilleman Laboratories, a global research and development organization focused on delivering high-impact and affordable vaccines, announced today about plans to venture into the area of maternal and child health.

In this regard, Hilleman Labs is undertaking research and development of an effective and affordable vaccine against Group B Streptococcus to add a positive impact to women and children living in low middle-income countries.

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of serious neonatal infections including septicaemia, pneumonia and less frequently meningitis, and urinary tract infections, chorioamnionitis, endometritis and bacteremia in women. GBS is an opportunistic commensal constituting a part of the intestinal and vaginal physiologic flora in almost 25% of healthy adult women. Maternal colonization is the principal route of GBS transmission. GBS converts from the asymptomatic mucosal carriage state to a major bacterial pathogen causing severe invasive infections…

Dr Davinder Gill, CEO, Hilleman Laboratories, said, “Hilleman Labs has embarked on a project to develop a safe, effective and affordable vaccine against Group B Streptococcus. In this project, we will use our expertise in the conjugate vaccine technology in which we have substantial experience. We will design, assemble and test the vaccine within our R&D centre in India.” We will pay close attention to Group B Streptococcus strains that are prevalent in India and South East Asia. Thereafter, we will partner with a vaccine manufacturing company for further development, manufacture and sale of the vaccine. Since there is currently no approved vaccine for Group B Streptococcus, our initiative is an important one for women and children living in low middle-income countries,” he added…

Human Vaccines Project [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
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IAVI [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
January 14, 2020
IAVI Makes Available Unique Dataset and Samples from Pioneering HIV/AIDS Study in Africa to Researchers
[See Milestones above for detail]

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities [ICMRA]
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Research
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International Generic and Biosimilar Medicines Association [IGBA]
https://www.igbamedicines.org/
News
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IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/
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IFRC [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
DR Congo: Red Cross volunteers attacked during Ebola burial
15 January 2020
[See Ebola above for detail]

IVAC [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
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IVI [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
IVI and Sweden renew partnership to accelerate vaccines for global public health
January 13, 2020 – SEOUL, South Korea – The International Vaccine Institute (IVI), a Seoul, Korea-based international organization, announced today that the Swedish International Cooperation Agency (Sida) will continue to support IVI’s mission to accelerate vaccine research and development for global health with a total contribution of SEK 50 million (approximately 5.24 million USD) over the next five years as part of a longstanding partnership between the Swedish government and IVI…
Sweden was one of the first countries to sign the IVI Establishment Agreement in 1997 and started funding IVI in 2002 through Sida. Since IVI’s first research collaboration with the University of Gothenburg and Swedish Biological Laboratories in 2000, Sweden has played an invaluable role in developing IVI’s landmark oral cholera vaccine (OCV), Shanchol, and later, Euvichol and Euvichol Plus, vaccines developed through technology transfer from IVI and prequalified by the WHO. To date, over 42 million doses of these low-cost OCVs have been deployed worldwide…

JEE Alliance [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
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MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.msf.org/
Latest [Selected Announcements]
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National Vaccine Program Office – U.S. HHS [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.hhs.gov/vaccines/about/index.html
NVAC 2020 Meetings
February 13-14, 2020 NVAC Meeting
June 9-10, 2020 NVAC Meeting
September 23-24, 2020 Meeting (Virtual)

NIH [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
Panel identifies need for improved implementation of preventive services and reduced health disparities
January 15, 2020 — Scientists urged to engage stakeholders inside and outside the health care system.

PATH [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
Selected Announcements
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Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
Statements and Press Releases
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UNAIDS [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
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UNICEF [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Statement
Libya: Tens of thousands of children at risk amidst violence and chaos of unrelenting conflict
Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore
17/01/2020

Press release
First drone and data academy opens in Africa to improve service delivery for children
NEW YORK/ LILONGWE, 13 January 2020 – The first African Drone and Data Academy (ADDA) opened today in Lilongwe, Malawi, UNICEF announced.
The move is part of efforts to promote the use of drones in programmes and services that will impact the lives of children and young people.
“Humanitarian and development programme delivery in Africa and beyond can benefit significantly from the application of drone technology,” said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore. “The African Drone and Data Academy will be instrumental in equipping young people with the skills they need to use the technology to benefit children and their communities.”
Building on the work of Africa’s first humanitarian corridor launched in Malawi in 2017, the academy will develop expertise in the use of drones for humanitarian, development and commercial purposes across the continent through a 12-week course. It plans to train approximately 150 students to build and pilot drones by 2021. Funding from UNICEF’s partners will provide free tuition to the first cohort of 26 students from across Africa…

Media Advisory
Countries gather for the Global Forum on Childhood Pneumonia
World’s first conference on childhood pneumonia to take place in Barcelona from Jan 29-31
13/01/2020

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
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Vaccine Confidence Project [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
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Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
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Wellcome Trust [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 15 January 2020
It’s now beyond doubt: we need to reimagine the way research works
by Beth Thompson
The findings of our survey of more than 4,000 researchers expose the stark pressures that many face. But together, we can learn from one another’s good practice and come up with new ways to improve research culture.

The Wistar Institute [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
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World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2020/
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ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
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BIO [to 18 Jan 2020]
https://www.bio.org/press-releases
Press Releases
China Phase I Agreement Represents Important Step Towards Addressing Biotech Issues
Washington, D.C. (January 15, 2020) – BIO President and CEO Jim Greenwood released the following statement today regarding the signing of Phase One of the trade agreement with China: “…“We are currently reviewing the details, but we are pleased to see important commitments for agricultural biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals, and GM microorganisms, in addition to commitments related to forced technology transfer and intellectual property. We look forward to working closely with the Administration to monitor the implementation and enforcement of these provisions…”

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
News
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IFPMA [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
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PhRMA [to 18 Jan 2020]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
Press Release
ICYMI: 2019 brings innovative medicines to patients
Andrew Powaleny   January 17, 2020
New reports from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) show a total of 56 novel new medicines were approved in 2019. Among these, 48 were approved by the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and 8 were approved by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). While medicine approval numbers vary each year, 2019 saw exciting advancements in drug development. These strong approval figures demonstrate biopharmaceutical companies’ unwavering commitment to developing innovative treatments for patients, offering hope for improved health outcomes…

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 18 Jan 2020)

Editorial
Filling the gaps in global antimicrobial resistance research/surveillance
Authors: Luis Furuya-Kanamori and Laith Yakob
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:39
Published on: 14 January 2020

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 18 Jan 2020)

Do patients and research subjects have a right to receive their genomic raw data? An ethical and legal analysis
As Next Generation Sequencing technologies are increasingly implemented in biomedical research and (translational) care, the number of study participants and patients who ask for release of their genomic raw data is set to increase. This raises the question whether research participants and patients have a legal and moral right to receive their genomic raw data and, if so, how this right should be implemented into practice.
Authors: Christoph Schickhardt, Henrike Fleischer and Eva C. Winkler
Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2020 21:7
Content type: Research article
Published on: 16 January 2020

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 18 Jan 2020)

Vaccinating children against influenza: overall cost-effective with potential for undesirable outcomes
The present study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of an influenza vaccination program for children in the Netherlands. This requires an evaluation of the long-term impact of such a program on the burden …
Authors: Pieter T. de Boer, Jantien A. Backer, Albert Jan van Hoek and Jacco Wallinga
Citation: BMC Medicine 2020 18:11
Content type: Research article
Published on: 14 January 2020