Effect of evidence updates on key determinants of measles vaccination impact: a DynaMICE modelling study in ten high-burden countries

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BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

Effect of evidence updates on key determinants of measles vaccination impact: a DynaMICE modelling study in ten high-burden countries
Model-based estimates of measles burden and the impact of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are crucial for global health priority setting. Recently, evidence from systematic reviews and database analyses have …
Authors: Han Fu, Kaja Abbas, Petra Klepac, Kevin van Zandvoort, Hira Tanvir, Allison Portnoy and Mark Jit
Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:281
Content type: Research article
Published on: 17 November 2021

Community perceptions of vaccination among influential stakeholders: qualitative research in rural India

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

Community perceptions of vaccination among influential stakeholders: qualitative research in rural India
In India and other low- and middle-income countries, multiple family and community members are influential in caregivers’ perceptions of vaccination. Existing literature indicates the primary caregiver, typica…
Authors: Baldeep K. Dhaliwal, Riti Chandrashekhar, Ananya Rattani, Rajeev Seth, Svea Closser, Anika Jain, David E. Bloom and Anita Shet
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:2122
Content type: Research article
Published on: 18 November 2021

Knowledge of mothers regarding children’s vaccinations in Greece: an online cross-sectional study

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

Knowledge of mothers regarding children’s vaccinations in Greece: an online cross-sectional study
One of the main reasons that influence parental choice to postpone or avoid children’s vaccination is insufficient knowledge. Mothers’ knowledge can be considered as an important factor when determining childc…
Authors: Konstantinos Giannakou, Maria Kyprianidou, Andria Hadjikou, Georgia Fakonti, Galatia Photiou, Eleana Tzira and Alexandros Heraclides
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:2119
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 November 2021

COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among Syrian population: a nationwide cross-sectional study

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among Syrian population: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 continues to spread globally and in the absence of an effective treatment, the vaccine remains the best hope for controlling this disease. In this study, we seek…
Authors: Mosa Shibani, Mhd Amin Alzabibi, Abd El-Fattah Mouhandes, Tamim Alsuliman, Angie Mouki, Hlma Ismail, Shahd Alhayk, Ahmad Abdulateef Rmman, Marah Mansour, Marah Marrawi, Nawras Alhalabi, Mhd Baraa Habib, Mhd Kutaiba Albuni, Ahmad Al-Moujahed and Bisher Sawaf
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:2117
Content type: Research
Published on: 18 November 2021

COVID19 vaccine intentions in South Africa: health communication strategy to address vaccine hesitancy

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

COVID19 vaccine intentions in South Africa: health communication strategy to address vaccine hesitancy
Vaccine hesitancy is emerging as a significant challenge in many parts of the world in the fight against the COVID19 pandemic. The continued infection amongst the unvaccinated can lead to a heightened risk of …
Authors: Umakrishnan Kollamparambil, Adeola Oyenubi and Chijioke Nwosu
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:2113
Content type: Research
Published on: 17 November 2021

Racial differences in institutional trust and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 20 Nov 2021)

 

Racial differences in institutional trust and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and refusal
Previous research has indicated that demographic differences affect COVID-19 vaccination rates. Trust, in both the vaccine itself and institutional trust, is one possible factor. The present study examines rac…
Authors: Anisah B. Bagasra, Sara Doan and Christopher T. Allen
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:2104
Content type: Research
Published on: 16 November 2021

Conversations With the Editors: The Emergence of Variants Amid Population-Wide SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Efforts: How Much Should We Worry?

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Clinical Therapeutics
October 2021 Volume 43 Issue 10 p1627-1808
http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current

 

CONVERSATIONS WITH THE EDITORS
Conversations With the Editors: The Emergence of Variants Amid Population-Wide SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Efforts: How Much Should We Worry?
Egon Ozer, Larry K. Kociolek, Ravi Jhaveri
Published online: July 25, 2021
p1630-1635

Behavioral Economics as a Model to Improve Adolescent and Adult Vaccination

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Clinical Therapeutics
October 2021 Volume 43 Issue 10 p1627-1808
http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current

 

Commentary
Behavioral Economics as a Model to Improve Adolescent and Adult Vaccination
Rachel Caskey
Published online: August 03, 2021
p1649-1653
Despite that fact that the first scientifically based smallpox vaccine was developed in the late 1700s, in 2021 we struggle to fully vaccinate adolescents and adults in the United States. Decades of scientific data support the efficacy and tolerability of vaccines in general, yet vaccine hesitancy remains common. Fear sits much deeper than logic within the human psyche, especially when it comes to vaccine decision making. The complexities of human psychology and decision making are the footings of vaccine hesitancy and yet may also provide an opportunity to shift vaccination behavior.

Physician Perspectives on Including Pregnant Women in Covid-19 Clinical Trials: Time for a Paradigm Change

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Ethics & Human Research
Volume 43, Issue 6 Pages: 1-48 November–December 2021
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/25782363/current

 

Articles
Physician Perspectives on Including Pregnant Women in Covid-19 Clinical Trials: Time for a Paradigm Change
Marie-Julie Trahan, Annabelle Cumyn, Matthew P. Cheng, Emily G. McDonald, Stephen E. Lapinsky, Nick Daneman, Haim A. Abenhaim, Isabelle Malhamé
Pages: 19-27
First Published: 26 October 2021

Localisation and local humanitarian action

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Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 79, May 2021
https://odihpn.org/magazine/localisation-and-local-humanitarian-action/

 

Localisation and local humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange is localisation+ and local humanitarian action. Five years ago this week, donors, United Nations (UN) agencies,  non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) committed within the Grand Bargain to increase multi-year investments in the institutional capacities of local and national responders, and to provide at least 25% of humanitarian funding to them as directly as possible. Since then, there is increasing consensus at policy and normative level, underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic, that local leadership should be supported.  Localisation has gone from a fringe conversation among policy-makers and aid agencies in 2016 to a formal priority under the Grand Bargain. Wider global movements on anti-racism and decolonisation have also brought new momentum to critical reflections on where power, knowledge and capacity reside in the humanitarian system. Yet progress has been slow and major gaps remain between the rhetoric around humanitarian partnerships, funding and coordination and practices on the ground.

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty
http://www.idpjournal.com/content
[Accessed 20 Nov 2021]

 

Scoping Review
Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) becomes increasingly fierce due to the emergence of variants. Rapid herd immunity through vaccination is needed to block the mutation and prevent the emergence of variants that can completely escape the immune surveillance. We aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the real world and to establish a reliable evidence-based basis for the actual protective effect of the COVID-19 vaccines, especially in the ensuing waves of infections dominated by variants.
Authors: Qiao Liu, Chenyuan Qin, Min Liu and Jue Liu
14 November 2021

Association of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Risk of Breakthrough Infection Following mRNA Vaccination in Qatar

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JAMA
November 16, 2021, Vol 326, No. 19, Pages 1891-1983
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Original Investigation
Association of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Risk of Breakthrough Infection Following mRNA Vaccination in Qatar
Laith J. Abu-Raddad, PhD; Hiam Chemaitelly, MSc; Houssein H. Ayoub, PhD; et al.
free access has active quiz
JAMA. 2021;326(19):1930-1939. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.19623
This cohort study assesses protection from SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection after mRNA vaccination among persons with vs without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Intent From April/May to June/July 2021

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JAMA
November 16, 2021, Vol 326, No. 19, Pages 1891-1983
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Intent From April/May to June/July 2021
Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH; Kyla Thomas, PhD; Megha D. Shah, MD, MPH, MS; et al.
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(19):1971-1974. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18761
This study uses data from a nationally representative longitudinal study of adults in the US to examine individual-level change in vaccine intent and uptake between April and July 2021.

Social deprivation as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality among women and men in the UK Biobank: nature of risk and context suggests that social interventions are essential to mitigate the effects of future pandemics

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Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
November 2021 – Volume 75 – 11
https://jech.bmj.com/content/75/11

 

Social deprivation as a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality among women and men in the UK Biobank: nature of risk and context suggests that social interventions are essential to mitigate the effects of future pandemics (27 April, 2021)
Mark Woodward, Sanne A E Peters, Katie Harris

Indigenous Peoples, concentrated disadvantage, and income inequality in New Mexico: a ZIP code-level investigation of spatially varying associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and confirmed COVID-19 cases (23 March, 2021) Free

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Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
November 2021 – Volume 75 – 11
https://jech.bmj.com/content/75/11

 

Social inequalities
Indigenous Peoples, concentrated disadvantage, and income inequality in New Mexico: a ZIP code-level investigation of spatially varying associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and confirmed COVID-19 cases (23 March, 2021) Free
Kimberly R Huyser, Tse-Chuan Yang, Aggie J Yellow Horse

Estimating total spending by source of funding on routine and supplementary immunisation activities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: a financial modelling study

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The Lancet
Nov 20, 2021 Volume 398 Number 10314 p1851-1938
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Articles
Estimating total spending by source of funding on routine and supplementary immunisation activities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: a financial modelling study
Gloria Ikilezi, Angela E Micah, Steven D Bachmeier, Ian E Cogswell, Emilie R Maddison, Hayley N Stutzman, Golsum Tsakalos, Logan Brenzel, Joseph L Dieleman
Open Access
Childhood immunisation is one of the most cost-effective health interventions. However, despite its known value, global access to vaccines remains far from complete. Although supply-side constraints lead to inadequate vaccine coverage in many health systems, there is no comprehensive analysis of the funding for immunisation. We aimed to fill this gap by generating estimates of funding for immunisation disaggregated by the source of funding and the type of activities in order to highlight the funding landscape for immunisation and inform policy making.

Fc-engineered antibody therapeutics with improved anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy

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Nature
Volume 599 Issue 7885, 18 November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/599/issues/7885

 

Article | 21 September 2021
Fc-engineered antibody therapeutics with improved anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy
Optimization of monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for enhanced Fc-effector function increase their effectiveness for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in multiple animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Rachel Yamin, Andrew T. Jones, Stylianos Bournazos

A synthetic antibiotic class overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance

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Nature
Volume 599 Issue 7885, 18 November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/599/issues/7885

 

Article | 27 October 2021
A synthetic antibiotic class overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance
Structure-guided design and component-based synthesis are used to produce iboxamycin, a novel ribosome-binding antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Matthew J. Mitcheltree, Amarnath Pisipati, Andrew G. Myers

The natural selection of good science

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Nature Human Behaviour
Volume 5 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nathumbehav/volumes/5/issues/11

 

Article | 17 May 2021
The natural selection of good science
Scientists fear that systemic incentives lead to poor science. Stewart and Plotkin use modelling to show how a scientific process emphasizing the use of theory to select hypotheses can allow good science to thrive in the face of pressure to publish.
Alexander J. Stewart, Joshua B. Plotkin

Science skepticism reduced compliance with COVID-19 shelter-in-place policies in the United States

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Nature Human Behaviour
Volume 5 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nathumbehav/volumes/5/issues/11

 

Article | 13 October 2021
Science skepticism reduced compliance with COVID-19 shelter-in-place policies in the United States
Brzezinski et al. establish a link between science skepticism and compliance with COVID-19 shelter-in-place policies in the United States during March and April 2020. This relationship persists after controlling for political partisanship, socio-economic factors, income, education and COVID-19 prevalence.
Adam Brzezinski, Valentin Kecht, Austin L. Wright

Trust in science, social consensus and vaccine confidence

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Nature Human Behaviour
Volume 5 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nathumbehav/volumes/5/issues/11

 

Article | 17 May 2021
Trust in science, social consensus and vaccine confidence
Trust in science is important for vaccine confidence, and this is true for countries as well as individuals. Sturgis et al. find that confidence in vaccination is higher in countries where people agree that scientists are trustworthy.
Patrick Sturgis, Ian Brunton-Smith, Jonathan Jackson

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in medical research

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in medical research
In this issue, Nature Medicine is launching a Series on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in medical research. The first installment brings a perspective on the role of funders in addressing the continued lack of diversity in science and medicine in the United States, and an overview of how governmental, societal and philanthropic stakeholders are approaching lack of diversity and inequalities in their research programs.

Immune responses to two and three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in adults with solid tumors

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Article | 30 September 2021
Immune responses to two and three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in adults with solid tumors
After two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, virus-specific antibodies and T cells were reduced in patients with solid tumors as compared to individuals without cancer, but neutralizing antibodies increased in most patients who received a third vaccine dose.
Rachna T. Shroff, Pavani Chalasani, Deepta Bhattacharya

Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized controlled trial

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Article | 09 September 2021 | Open Access
Convalescent plasma for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized controlled trial
A randomized trial in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 showed no benefit and potentially increased harm associated with the use of convalescent plasma, with subgroup analyses suggesting that the antibody profile in donor plasma is critical in determining clinical outcomes.
Philippe Bégin, Jeannie Callum, Donald M. Arnold

Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant mRNA vaccine boosters in healthy adults: an interim analysis

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Article | 15 September 2021 | Open Access
Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variant mRNA vaccine boosters in healthy adults: an interim analysis
Preliminary and exploratory analyses show that a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine mRNA-1273 or variant-modified boosters can boost levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Angela Choi, Matthew Koch, Darin K. Edwards

Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Article | 29 September 2021 | Open Access
Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 are identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection.
Shuo Feng, Daniel J. Phillips, Christopher J. Williams

Predictors of COVID-19 epidemics in countries of the World Health Organization African Region

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Nature Medicine
Volume 27 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/27/issues/11

 

Article | 03 September 2021 | Open Access
Predictors of COVID-19 epidemics in countries of the World Health Organization African Region
A new study from the WHO African Region identifies features of countries that predict timing of the first case and the per capita mortality rate for the first and second waves of the COVID-19 epidemics.
Feifei Zhang, Humphrey Karamagi, Mark E. J. Woolhouse

Influenza vaccination coverage among emergency department personnel is associated with perception of vaccination and side effects, vaccination availability on site and the COVID-19 pandemic

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 20 Nov 2021]

 

Research Article
Influenza vaccination coverage among emergency department personnel is associated with perception of vaccination and side effects, vaccination availability on site and the COVID-19 pandemic
Anna-Maria Stöckeler, Philipp Schuster, Markus Zimmermann, Frank Hanses
Research Article | published 19 Nov 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260213

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy survey in Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland: Applying the theory of planned behaviour

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 20 Nov 2021]

 

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy survey in Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland: Applying the theory of planned behaviour
Gavin Breslin, Martin Dempster, Emma Berry, Matthew Cavanagh, Nicola C. Armstrong
Research Article | published 17 Nov 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259381

Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and its association with health conditions and risk factors among hospitalized multimorbid older patients

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 20 Nov 2021]

 

Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and its association with health conditions and risk factors among hospitalized multimorbid older patients
Dimitrios David Papazoglou, Oliver Baretella, Martin Feller, Cinzia Del Giovane, Elisavet Moutzouri, Drahomir Aujesky, Matthias Schwenkglenks, Denis O’Mahony, Wilma Knol, Olivia Dalleur, Nicolas Rodondi, Christine Baumgartner
Research Article | published 16 Nov 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260112

COVID-19 vaccines for children

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Science
Volume 374| Issue 6570| 19 Nov 2021
https://www.science.org/toc/science/current

 

Editorial
COVID-19 vaccines for children
BY Jeffrey S. Gerber, Paul A. Offit
18 Nov 2021: 913-91
Earlier this month, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended Pfizer’s COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine for children between 5 and 11 years of age—that’s 28 million children. Yet surveys show that 42 to 66% of parents of these children are reluctant or opposed to seeking this protection. Without vaccination, it is likely that almost everyone—including young children—will be infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at some point in their lives. So, the question for parents and caregivers is: Which is worse, vaccination or natural infection?

Make no mistake—COVID-19 is a childhood illness. When SARS-CoV-2 entered the United States early in 2020, children accounted for fewer than 3% of cases; today, they account for more than 25%. More than 6 million US children have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, including 2 million between the ages of 5 and 11. At the end of October 2021, about 100,000 children per week were infected. Of the tens of thousands of children who have been hospitalized, about one-third had no preexisting medical conditions, and many have required the intensive care unit. Almost 700 children have died from COVID-19, placing SARS-CoV-2 infection among the top 10 causes of death in US children. No children have died from vaccination.

Many parents are concerned that Pfizer’s mRNA vaccine was not adequately tested in young children. In a study of approximately 2400 children between 5 and 11 years of age, performed when the Delta variant was the dominant strain, vaccine efficacy was 90.7% against symptomatic disease. However, Pfizer’s phase 3 study in adults involved about 40,000 participants. How could the CDC be certain that the vaccine was safe in children given the small size of the study, specifically regarding the problem of myocarditis? In postauthorization studies, myocarditis occurred in approximately 5 per 1,000,000 individuals receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, possibly as high as 1 per 10,000 in young men. But context is important. Vaccine-associated myocarditis has been relatively mild and self-limited—an outcome fundamentally different from the cardiac effects associated with acute COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which typically involve cardiac dysfunction and require critical care. Moreover, both in Israel and the United States, the incidence of myocarditis in children 12 to 15 years of age receiving mRNA vaccines is less than that in the 16- to 25-year-old age group. And because the dose of Pfizer’s mRNA is one-third that given to older adolescents, myocarditis in the younger age group will likely be even rarer.

Myocarditis is only one piece of the risk-benefit analysis. Children need to go to school, play with friends, and participate in extracurricular activities for their social and emotional development. This is their life. Since August 2021, more than 2000 schools in the US have been forced to close because of COVID-19 outbreaks, affecting more than 1 million students. The disruption of school activities has harmed children more than any detectable vaccine side effect, including worsening of mental health, widening education gaps, and decreased physical activity. These harms have disproportionately affected people of color, Indigenous persons, and individuals of lower socioeconomic status, further exacerbating inequities. Avoidance of routine health care and routine vaccination has also emerged, with potentially devastating future consequences. Furthermore, children live closely with and rely on adults to whom they can pass SARS-CoV-2 infection—adults who can be overwhelmed by this infection.
And children grow up. Countries are going to need a highly protected population for as long as COVID-19 exists in the world, which will likely be for years if not decades. Vaccinating all children against SARS-CoV-2 could be among the most impactful public health efforts the US has seen in decades.
Although it is true that most children experience asymptomatic or mild disease, some will get quite sick, and a small number will die. It’s why children are vaccinated against influenza, meningitis, chickenpox, and hepatitis—none of which, even before vaccines were available, killed as many as SARS-CoV-2 per year.

Some parents are understandably hesitant to vaccinate their young children. However, a choice not to get a vaccine is not a risk-free choice; rather, it’s a choice to take a different and more serious risk. The biomedical community must strive to make this clear to the public. It could be one of the most important health decisions a parent will make.

Create a COVID-19 commission

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Science
Volume 374| Issue 6570| 19 Nov 2021
https://www.science.org/toc/science/current

 

Policy Forum
Create a COVID-19 commission
BY Christopher F. Chyba et al.
18 Nov 2021: 932-935
Conclusion
The task of a nonpartisan COVID-19 commission will be to produce a clear-eyed assessment of why and how the United States fared so poorly in this pandemic, as well as how particular successes were achieved. Where possible, it will be valuable to make this assessment in a comparative context, both with respect to previous pandemics and with respect to the experiences of other advanced-economy nations (2, 5, 6). The commission should identify how the relevant US institutions can be improved (potentially by both legislative and executive action) and better work together to ensure superior outcomes when future pandemics occur, as they surely will.

mRNA vaccination induces tick resistance and prevents transmission of the Lyme disease agent

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Science Translational Medicine
Volume 13| Issue 620| 17 Nov 2021
https://www.science.org/toc/stm/current

 

Research Articles
mRNA vaccination induces tick resistance and prevents transmission of the Lyme disease agent
BY Andaleeb Sajid, […] Erol Fikrig
17 Nov 2021
An Ixodes scapularis saliva mRNA vaccine induces tick resistance and prevents Borrelia burgdorferi infection in guinea pigs.