COVID-19 vaccines a global public good? Moving past the rhetoric and making work of sharing intellectual property rights, know-how and technology

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The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 31, Issue 5, October 2021
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/31/5

 

Editorials
COVID-19 vaccines a global public good? Moving past the rhetoric and making work of sharing intellectual property rights, know-how and technology
Marianne Meijer, Marieke Verschuuren, Ella Weggen
European Journal of Public Health, Volume 31, Issue 5, October 2021, Pages 925–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab144

Europe and the world: boosting international academic cooperation in a time of geopolitical tension and polarization

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The European Journal of Public Health
Volume 31, Issue 5, October 2021
https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/issue/31/5

 

Commentary
Europe and the world: boosting international academic cooperation in a time of geopolitical tension and polarization
Michaela Vallin, Albin Gaunt, Göran Tomson, Ole Petter Ottersen
European Journal of Public Health, Volume 31, Issue 5, October 2021, Pages 929–930, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab133

To mix or not to mix? A rapid systematic review of heterologous prime–boost covid-19 vaccination

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Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 20 (10) 2021
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

 

To mix or not to mix? A rapid systematic review of heterologous prime–boost covid-19 vaccination
Nan-Chang Chiu, Hsin Chi, Yu-Kang Tu, Ya-Ning Huang, Yu-Lin Tai, Shun-Long Weng, Lung Chang, Daniel Tsung-Ning Huang, Fu-Yuan Huang & Chien-Yu Lin
Pages: 1211-1220
Published online: 01 Sep 2021

Public health impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: a review of measurement challenges

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Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 20 (10) 2021
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

 

Public health impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination: a review of measurement challenges
Emily K Horn, Matt D Wasserman, Cassandra Hall-Murray, Heather L Sings, Ruth Chapman & Raymond A Farkouh
Pages: 1291-1309
Published online: 11 Sep 2021

COVID-19 vaccine coverage, concerns, and preferences among Chinese ICU clinicians: a nationwide online survey

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Expert Review of Vaccines
Vol 20 (10) 2021
https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ierv20/current

 

Article
COVID-19 vaccine coverage, concerns, and preferences among Chinese ICU clinicians: a nationwide online survey
Weifeng Huang, Xiaoping Shao, Abram L. Wagner, Yan Chen, Baichu Guan, Matthew L. Boulton, Bingzhe Li, Linjie Hu & Yihan Lu
Pages: 1361-1367
Published online: 02 Sep 2021

Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster

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Health Policy and Planning
Volume 36, Issue 9, November 2021
https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/36/9

 

EDITORIAL
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster
Laurie Laybourn-Langton
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 36, Issue 9, November 2021, Pages 1359–1361, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab097

Challenges encountered in comparing international policy responses to COVID-19 and their effects

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Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 06 Nov 2021]

 

Challenges encountered in comparing international policy responses to COVID-19 and their effects
A variety of policies have been implemented around the world in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study originally aimed to identify and compare policy responses of different countries and their effects …
Authors: Christine Riley, Bo Xie and Anjum Khurshid
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2021 19:134
Content type: Research
Published on: 30 October 2021

Localisation and local humanitarian action

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Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 79, May 2021
https://odihpn.org/magazine/localisation-and-local-humanitarian-action/

 

Localisation and local humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange is localisation+ and local humanitarian action. Five years ago this week, donors, United Nations (UN) agencies,  non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) committed within the Grand Bargain to increase multi-year investments in the institutional capacities of local and national responders, and to provide at least 25% of humanitarian funding to them as directly as possible. Since then, there is increasing consensus at policy and normative level, underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic, that local leadership should be supported.  Localisation has gone from a fringe conversation among policy-makers and aid agencies in 2016 to a formal priority under the Grand Bargain. Wider global movements on anti-racism and decolonisation have also brought new momentum to critical reflections on where power, knowledge and capacity reside in the humanitarian system. Yet progress has been slow and major gaps remain between the rhetoric around humanitarian partnerships, funding and coordination and practices on the ground.

Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19A Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA
November 2, 2021, Vol 326, No. 17, Pages 1655-1756
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Original Investigation
Caring for the Critically Ill Patient
Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19A Randomized Clinical Trial
Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1690-1702. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.18178
This study compares the effect of convalescent plasma vs no convalescent plasma on the outcome of organ support–free days in the hospital among critically ill adults with COVID-19 who had been randomized to the immunoglobulin domain in the ongoing REMAP-CAP trial.

Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial

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JAMA
November 2, 2021, Vol 326, No. 17, Pages 1655-1756
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/currentissue

 

Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial
Jean M. Connors, MD; Maria M. Brooks, PhD; Frank C. Sciurba, MD; et al.
free access
JAMA. 2021;326(17):1703-1712. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.17272
This randomized clinical trial assesses whether aspirin, prophylactic-dose apixaban, or therapeutic-dose apixaban, compared with placebo, can safely reduce major adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes among symptomatic but clinically stable US outpatients with COVID-19.

Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children

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JAMA Pediatrics
November 2021, Vol 175, No. 11, Pages 1093-1192
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/currentissue

 

Viewpoint
Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children
Daniel Munblit, MD, PhD; Louise Sigfrid, MD, PhD; John O. Warner, MBChB, MD
free access
JAMA Pediatr. 2021;175(11):1095-1096. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2281
This Viewpoint describes gaps in research on long-term COVID-19 outcomes in children and provides recommendations to address these gaps.

National and State-Level Composite Completion of Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents in the United States, 2015–2018

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Journal of Adolescent Health
November 2021 Volume 69 Issue 5
https://www.jahonline.org/current

 

Original Articles
National and State-Level Composite Completion of Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents in the United States, 2015–2018
Elizabeth M. La, Diana Garbinsky, Shannon Hunter, Sara Poston, Patricia Novy, Parinaz Ghaswalla
Published online: September 10, 2021
p762-768
Open Access

Factors Associated With Receipt of Meningococcal B Vaccine Among United States Adolescents, National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2017–2018

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Journal of Adolescent Health
November 2021 Volume 69 Issue 5
https://www.jahonline.org/current

 

Factors Associated With Receipt of Meningococcal B Vaccine Among United States Adolescents, National Immunization Survey-Teen, 2017–2018
Caitlin E. Hansen, Linda M. Niccolai
Published online: June 17, 2021
p769-773

Improving the Quality and Performance of Institutional Review Boards in the U.S.A. Through Performance Measurements

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Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
Volume 16 Issue 5, December 2021
http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/jre/current

 

IRB/Performance and functioning
Improving the Quality and Performance of Institutional Review Boards in the U.S.A. Through Performance Measurements
Min-Fu Tsan
First Published May 14, 2021; pp. 479–484

Invited Peer Commentary: Min-Fu Tsan: Improving the Quality and Performance of Institutional Review Boards in the U.S. Through Performance Measurement

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Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
Volume 16 Issue 5, December 2021
http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/jre/current

 

Invited Peer Commentary: Min-Fu Tsan: Improving the Quality and Performance of Institutional Review Boards in the U.S. Through Performance Measurement
Ryan Spellecy
First Published September 7, 2021; pp. 485–486

A Systematic Literature Review of Ethical Challenges Related to Medical and Public Health Data Sharing in China

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Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
Volume 16 Issue 5, December 2021
http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/jre/current

 

Ethical Issues in Data Sharing and Data Banks
A Systematic Literature Review of Ethical Challenges Related to Medical and Public Health Data Sharing in China
Xiaojie LI
First Published September 13, 2021; pp. 537–554

Unequal impact of the COVID-19 crisis on minority ethnic groups: a framework for understanding and addressing inequalities

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Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
October 2021 – Volume 75 – 10
https://jech.bmj.com/content/75/10

 

COVID-19
Unequal impact of the COVID-19 crisis on minority ethnic groups: a framework for understanding and addressing inequalities (21 April, 2021)
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Sham Lal, Enitan D Carrol, Claire L Niedzwiedz, Kamlesh Khunti, Ruth Dundas, Finn Diderichsen, Ben Barr

Restoring Immunization Services Provided by the Vaccines for Children Program in Puerto Rico After Hurricanes Irma and Maria, 2017-2019

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Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
November/December 2021 – Volume 27 – Issue 6
https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/pages/currenttoc.aspx

 

Research Reports
Restoring Immunization Services Provided by the Vaccines for Children Program in Puerto Rico After Hurricanes Irma and Maria, 2017-2019
Luna-Pinto, S. Carolina; Rivera, Angel; Cardona, Iris; More
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 27(6):E228-E235, November/December 2021.

The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world

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The Lancet
Nov 06, 2021 Volume 398 Number 10312 p1663-1776
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

The Lancet Commissions
The Lancet and Financial Times Commission on governing health futures 2030: growing up in a digital world
Ilona Kickbusch,et al. on behalf of the Secretariat of the Lancet and Financial Times Commission
Executive summary
From the short-term and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to the health insecurities brought about by climate change, health futures are unfolding in an era of accelerating economic, societal, technological, and environmental changes. Digital transformations, which we define as the multifaceted processes of integration of digital technologies and platforms into all areas of life, including health, are central to understanding—and shaping—many of these disruptive dynamics. Because large gaps remain in the current evidence base on the interface of digital technologies and health, taking a precautionary, mission-oriented, and value-based approach to its governance is crucial…

Digital technologies: a new determinant of health

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Lancet Digital Health
Nov 2021 Volume 3 Number 11 e684-e750
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Editorial
Digital technologies: a new determinant of health
The Lancet Digital Health
The Lancet and Financial Times have published a Commission with recommendations for successful integration of digital technologies in health. The bottom line of the Commission is that weak governance of digital technologies is causing health inequities and compromising human rights. This finding is compounded by the fact that many companies are expanding their reach into the health sector, collating and analysing health and personal data. The future governance of digital technologies in health care “must be driven by public purpose, not private profit”. But how can this be achieved when private corporations have such a large and vested interest in health data?
One of the key recommendations of the Commission is the need for data solidarity, an approach to the collection and use of health data with the aim of “building a culture of data justice and equity”…

The false hope of current approaches to explainable artificial intelligence in health care

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Lancet Digital Health
Nov 2021 Volume 3 Number 11 e684-e750
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Viewpoint
The false hope of current approaches to explainable artificial intelligence in health care
Marzyeh Ghassemi, Luke Oakden-Rayner, Andrew L Beam
Summary
The black-box nature of current artificial intelligence (AI) has caused some to question whether AI must be explainable to be used in high-stakes scenarios such as medicine. It has been argued that explainable AI will engender trust with the health-care workforce, provide transparency into the AI decision making process, and potentially mitigate various kinds of bias. In this Viewpoint, we argue that this argument represents a false hope for explainable AI and that current explainability methods are unlikely to achieve these goals for patient-level decision support. We provide an overview of current explainability techniques and highlight how various failure cases can cause problems for decision making for individual patients. In the absence of suitable explainability methods, we advocate for rigorous internal and external validation of AI models as a more direct means of achieving the goals often associated with explainability, and we caution against having explainability be a requirement for clinically deployed models.

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

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Lancet Global Health
Nov 2021 Volume 9 Number 11 e1474-e1622
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

 

Articles
High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort
Pritesh Lalwani, et al. and the DETECTCoV-19 Study Team

Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2021 Volume 21 Number 11 p1471-1612, e341-e362
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Articles
Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study
Madhumita Shrotri, et al.
Open Access

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccination at preventing hospitalisations in people aged at least 80 years: a test-negative, case-control study

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2021 Volume 21 Number 11 p1471-1612, e341-e362
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccination at preventing hospitalisations in people aged at least 80 years: a test-negative, case-control study
Catherine Hyams, et al.

The effect of BCG revaccination on all-cause mortality beyond infancy: 30-year follow-up of a population-based, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in Malawi

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2021 Volume 21 Number 11 p1471-1612, e341-e362
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

The effect of BCG revaccination on all-cause mortality beyond infancy: 30-year follow-up of a population-based, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in Malawi
Judith R Glynn, et al.
Open Access

Optimal human papillomavirus vaccination strategies to prevent cervical cancer in low-income and middle-income countries in the context of limited resources: a mathematical modelling analysis

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Nov 2021 Volume 21 Number 11 p1471-1612, e341-e362
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Optimal human papillomavirus vaccination strategies to prevent cervical cancer in low-income and middle-income countries in the context of limited resources: a mathematical modelling analysis
Mélanie Drolet, et al.
Open Access

Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunisation with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2: a prospective cohort study

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Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Nov 2021 Volume 9 Number 11 p1203-1342, e104-e109
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current

 

Articles
Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunisation with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2: a prospective cohort study
David Hillus, et al.

SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

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Nature
Volume 599 Issue 7883, 4 November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nature/volumes/599/issues/7883

 

Article | 06 September 2021 | Open Access
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion
A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.
Petra Mlcochova, Steven A. Kemp, Ravindra K. Gupta

Misuse of the term ‘trans-ethnic’ in genomics research

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Nature Genetics
Volume 53 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/ng/volumes/53/issues/11

 

Comment | 05 November 2021
Misuse of the term ‘trans-ethnic’ in genomics research
A concerning trend in genetics is the common use of the term ‘trans-ethnic’ to describe analyses that combine or compare several ancestrally diverse populations. In this commentary, we discuss how this term is inaccurate and alienating. We propose that geneticists avoid using the term trans-ethnic entirely and that researchers across disciplines reach a new consensus about the best terms to use to describe the populations we study.
Mireille Kamariza, Lorin Crawford, Hilary Finucane

Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization: experience from Pakistan

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Nature Reviews Immunology
Volume 21 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/21/issues/11

 

Comment | 14 September 2021
Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization: experience from Pakistan
Muhammad Suleman Rana and colleagues from the National Institute of Health in Pakistan discuss the urgent need to implement catch-up vaccination programmes for measles and polio to prevent resurgence of these deadly diseases.
Muhammad Suleman Rana, Aamer Ikram, Massab Umair

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation

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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Volume 20 Issue 11, November 2021
https://www.nature.com/nrd/volumes/20/issues/11

 

Review Article | 25 August 2021
mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation
The COVID-19 pandemic has established mRNA vaccines as a rapid, effective and safe approach for the protection of individuals from infectious disease. Here, Whitehead and colleagues review the principles of mRNA vaccine design, synthesis and delivery, assessing recent progress and key issues in the development of mRNA vaccines for a range of infectious diseases.
Namit Chaudhary, Drew Weissman, Kathryn A. Whitehead

SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk After Vaccination

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Pediatrics
Vol. 148, Issue 5 1 Nov 2021
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/

 

Articles
SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk After Vaccination
Dolores Sabina Romero Ramírez, María Magdalena Lara Pérez, Mercedes Carretero Pérez, María Isis Suárez Hernández, Saúl Martín Pulido, Lorena Pera Villacampa, Ana María Fernández Vilar, Mónica Rivero Falero, Paloma González Carretero, Beatriz Reyes Millán, Sabine Roper, Miguel Ángel García Bello
Pediatrics, Nov 2021, 148 (5) e2021052286