PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 15 Jun 2019)

Research Article
Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map
Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Miriam Nkangu, Ranjana Nagi, Marc Mendelson, Monica Taljaard, Steven J. Hoffman
| published 11 Jun 2019 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002819
Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidence map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans.

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 15 Jun 2019]

Research Article
Health system capacity in Sydney, Australia in the event of a biological attack with smallpox
Chandini Raina MacIntyre, Valentina Costantino, Mohana Priya Kunasekaran
Research Article | published 14 Jun 2019 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217704

PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 15 Jun 2019]

Research Article
Rapid authentication of pharmaceuticals via DNA tagging and field detection
Lawrence Jung, Michael E. Hogan, Yuhua Sun, Benjamin Minghwa Liang, James A. Hayward
| published 13 Jun 2019 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218314
Abstract
A small PCR-generated DNA fragment was introduced into a pharmaceutical grade ink as a molecular taggant, and the DNA tagged ink was delivered onto the surface of capsules by standard high-speed offset printing. The amount of DNA in the ink on each capsule is roughly 10−12 fold lower than that allowed as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the WHO with regards to acceptable limits of residual DNA. The printed ink on the capsule surface was sampled by swabbing, followed by direct analysis of the DNA-swab complex, without subsequent DNA purification. It was shown that DNA recovered from the ink by swabbing was suitable for PCR-CE analysis—a widely used method in forensic science and was also suitable for qPCR and isothermal DNA amplification, when coupled with portable devices similar to those used for environmental sampling and food safety testing. The data set a precedent: A small DNA fragment could be introduced as an excipient into a pharmaceutical application, and thereafter tracked through the pharmaceutical supply chain via forensic DNA authentication.

Public Health
Volume 171 Pages 1-148, A1-A2 (June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/171/suppl/C

Research article Abstract only
Did school characteristics affect the uptake of meningococcal quadrivalent vaccine in Greater Manchester, United Kingdom?
R. Fletcher, E. Wilkinson, P. Cleary, S. Blagden, S. Farmer
Pages 24-30

Public Health
Volume 171 Pages 1-148, A1-A2 (June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/public-health/vol/171/suppl/C

Research article Open access
Exploring childhood immunization among undocumented migrants in Sweden – following qualitative study and the World Health Organizations Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP)
K. Godoy-Ramirez, E. Byström, A. Lindstrand, R. Butler, … A. Kulane
Pages 97-105

Risk Analysis
Volume 39, Issue 6 Pages: 1193-1432 June 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/15396924/current

Original Research Articles
Science for Policy: A Case Study of Scientific Polarization, Values, and the Framing of Risk and Uncertainty
Sarah Mason‐Renton, Marco Vazquez, Connor Robinson, Gunilla Oberg
Pages: 1229-1242
First Published: 10 December 2018

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 29 Pages 1-92 (May–June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/29/suppl/C

Editorial Full text access
Ebola in North Kivu, DR Congo – is it an undeclared public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)?
Oyewale Tomori, David Durrheim, Lawrence Gostin, Matthew M. Kavanagh
Pages 1-3

Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Volume 29 Pages 1-92 (May–June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease/vol/29/suppl/C

Review article Abstract only
Pneumococcal disease during Hajj and Umrah: Research agenda for evidence-based vaccination policy for these events
Saber Yezli, Mark van der Linden, Robert Booy, Badriah AlOtaibi
Pages 8-15

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 28 Pages 3625-3744 (19 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/28

Discussion No access
Influenza vaccination for Hajj for the next decade: A case for quadrivalent SH vaccine
Parvaiz A. Koul, Nargis K. Bali, Hazique P. Koul
Pages 3625-3627

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 28 Pages 3625-3744 (19 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/28

Research article Abstract only
Supporting national immunization technical advisory groups (NITAGs) in resource-constrained settings. New strategies and lessons learned from the Task Force for Global Health’s Partnership for influenza vaccine introduction
Antoinette Ba-Nguz, Adeel Shah, Joseph S. Bresee, Kathryn E. Lafond, … Jane F. Seward
Pages 3646-3653

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 28 Pages 3625-3744 (19 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/28

Research article Open access
Effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in preventing cholera among fishermen in Lake Chilwa, Malawi: A case-control study
Francesco Grandesso, Watipaso Kasambara, Anne-Laure Page, Amanda K. Debes, … Francisco Javier Luquero
Pages 3668-3676

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 28 Pages 3625-3744 (19 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/28

Research article Abstract only
“This is a Pakhtun disease”: Pakhtun health journalists’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to polio vaccine acceptance among the high-risk Pakhtun community in Pakistan
Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah, Tamar Ginossar, David Weiss
Pages 3694-3703

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 28 Pages 3625-3744 (19 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/28

Research article Abstract only
Is there any harm in administering extra-doses of vaccine to a person? Excess doses of vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2007–2017
Pedro L. Moro, Jorge Arana, Paige L. Marquez, Carmen Ng, … Maria Cano
Pages 3730-3734

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 27 Pages 3505-3624 (12 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/27

Review article Open access
Vaccine procurement in the Middle East and North Africa region: Challenges and ways of improving program efficiency and fiscal space
Miloud Kaddar, Helen Saxenian, Kamel Senouci, Ezzeddine Mohsni, Nahad Sadr-Azodi
Pages 3520-3528

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 27 Pages 3505-3624 (12 June 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/27

Research article Open access
Scope and magnitude of private sector financing and provision of immunization in Benin, Malawi and Georgia
Ann Levin, Spy Munthali, Venance Vodungbo, Natia Rukhadze, … Logan Brenzel
Pages 3568-3575

Value in Health
June 2019 Volume 22, Issue 6, p619-750
http://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current

THEMED SECTION: CURATIVE THERAPIES
Estimating the Clinical Pipeline of Cell and Gene Therapies and Their Potential Economic Impact on the US Healthcare System
Casey Quinn, Colin Young, Jonathan Thomas, Mark Trusheim, the MIT NEWDIGS FoCUS Writing Group
p621–626 Published online: May 16, 2019
Highlights
:: In total, we project that about 350 000 patients will have been treated with 30 to 60 products by 2030. About half the launches are expected to be in B-cell (CD-19) lymphomas and leukemias.
:: This should be considered against the projected prices and total treatment costs of many of these new therapies, which are expected to exceed current average acquisition costs of treatments.
:: The interplay of long-term treatment value and the upfront cell and gene therapy costs on the one hand, and access restrictions on the other hand, create a need to develop precision financing solutions that can ensure appropriate patient access to needed treatments, increase affordability for payers, and sustain private investment in innovation.

Value in Health
June 2019 Volume 22, Issue 6, p619-750
http://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current

Are Payers Ready, Willing, and Able to Provide Access to New Durable Gene Therapies?
Jane F. Barlow, Mo Yang, J. Russell Teagarden
p642–647
Published online: May 16, 2019
Highlights
:: Understanding the payer perspective and the challenges they face in delivering affordable healthcare coverage while ensuring access to medical innovation is critical to the sustainability of research and development of new cures.
:: Variation exists in payer awareness of and ability to absorb the cost of new durable gene therapies. Public payers are constrained by regulatory requirements affording them less flexibility than other payer segments to actively manage these new costs.
:: Payers are open to new financing mechanisms, favoring performance-based contracts and risk pooling strategies to absorb the aggregate impact of new market entrants and extended indications for high cost durable therapies over the next 3 to 5 years.

Value in Health
June 2019 Volume 22, Issue 6, p619-750
http://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current

Analytic Considerations in Applying a General Economic Evaluation Reference Case to Gene Therapy
Michael F. Drummond, Peter J. Neumann, Sean D. Sullivan, Frank-Ulrich Fricke, Sean Tunis, Omar Dabbous, Mondher Toumi
p661–668
Published online: May 16, 2019
Highlights
:: Gene therapy is a novel approach that uses specific genetic material to treat or prevent disease. It has been argued that these therapies have special characteristics that pose challenges for economic evaluation and may require changes in methods.
:: The article provides a detailed analysis of the special characteristics of gene therapy, discusses what changes in methods may be necessary, and outlines the particular factors to which analysts and decision makers should pay particular attention in the economic evaluation of these therapies.
:: The guidance given should help decision makers undertake a more informed assessment of the costs and benefits of gene therapies.

Value in Health
June 2019 Volume 22, Issue 6, p619-750
http://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current

SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Real-World Evidence in Healthcare Decision Making: Global Trends and Case Studies From Latin America
Nahila Justo, Manuel A. Espinoza, Barbara Ratto, Martha Nicholson, Diego Rosselli, Olga Ovcinnikova, Sebastián García Martí, Marcos B. Ferraz, Martín Langsam, Michael F. Drummond
p739–749
Published in issue: June 2019
Highlights
:: On collecting case studies from 4 South American countries, this study found that the collection and uses of real-world evidence (RWE) in healthcare decision making are inconsistent across regions, providers, and insurance schemes. RWE initiatives are somewhat hampered by fragmentation, lack of stewardship, and limited resources.
:: A literature review and database mapping revealed that in South America RWE is mainly used for pharmacovigilance and academic research, less so for HTA decision making or pricing negotiations, and not at all to inform early access schemes.

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

[No new digest content identified]

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
Jessica Biel and the End of Vaccine Exemptions – The Atlantic
June 14, 2019

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
14 Jun 2019
New York bans religious exemptions for vaccines amid measles outbreak

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
Jun 13, 2019
‘My Body, My Choice’ Is Not A Vaccine Slogan
A new California bill being proposed will require physician-requested medical vaccine exemptions to be approved by public health officials. Political and Hollywood celebrities are trying to block this.
By Nina Shapiro Contributor

Jun 10, 2019
Measles Outbreak Spreads To 2 More States
Virginia and Idaho confirmed measles cases for the first time.

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Health
Eager to Limit Exemptions to Vaccination, States Face Staunch Resistance
Legislators trying to curb the numbers of unvaccinated children have been met with vigorous opposition from upset parents.
By Roni Caryn Rabin
June 14

New York
Measles Outbreak: N.Y. Eliminates Religious Exemptions for Vaccinations
New York, where measles has spread in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, joins California and a handful of other states in revoking religious exemptions.
By Jesse McKinley
June 13

New York
Bastion of Anti-Vaccine Fervor: Progressive Waldorf Schools
Opposition to vaccines on the left is increasingly worrying the authorities. At one progressive school, 60 percent of the 300 students were not vaccinated against measles and other diseases.
By Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura
June 13

U.S.
Jessica Biel Weighs In on Vaccine Fight, Drawing Fierce Pushback
The entry of Ms. Biel, the Hollywood actress, into the conversation broadened the scope of the national debate, but also provoked a furious response.
By Julie Bosman, Patricia Mazzei and Dan Levin
June 13

Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Jun 14, 2019
Top D.C. health official urges principals to help boost measles vaccination rate
Perry Stein and Debbie Truong

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
June 13, 2019
Democratic Republic of Congo
The Escalating Ebola Crisis in the DRC
An outbreak in the DRC has spread to neighboring Uganda, and conflict and mistrust of health workers is impeding international efforts to contain the disease.
by Claire Felter

June 13, 2019
Public Health Threats and Pandemics
The Ebola Virus
Endemic to the African tropics, the Ebola virus has killed thousands in recent years, putting the World Health Organization and major donor countries in the limelight as they’ve grappled with how to …
Backgrounder by Claire Felter and Danielle Renwick

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 15 Jun 2019
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

DRC – Ebola/Cholera/Measles

Disease Outbreak News (DONs)
Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
6 June 2019
As the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak surpasses the 2000 case mark, indicators over the past two weeks provide early signs of an easing of the transmission intensity. This follows a period of improved security and therefore access to communities, allowing response teams to operate more freely…

44: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu
4 June 2019
…Implementation of ring vaccination protocol
:: As of 1 June 2019, 129,001 people at risk have consented to and received the rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine. Of those, 33 046 are contacts and 87 886 contacts-of-contacts. The total number of vaccines includes 31,016 HCWs/FLWs and 34,522 children 1-17 years of age.

:: Six new rings (2 in Butembo and 2 in Katwa) have opened around eight out of the 12 confirmed cases from 1 June 2019.

:: Despite the challenges in the field and considering the cases reported between 30 April 2019 and 20 May 2019, only 31/337 (9.2%) of the cases do not have a ring defined and their contacts and contacts-of-contacts vaccinated. For 113/337 (33.5%) of the cases the ring vaccination was completed and for 193/337 (57.2%) ring vaccination was ongoing at the time of writing this report. This important progress is the result of the use of innovative delivery strategies (i.e. pop-up vaccination and targeted geographic vaccination) and strong community negotiations and engagement.

::::::

Ebola
CDC director expects to run out of Ebola vaccine
Devex, by Michael Igoe // 06 June 2019
WASHINGTON — The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicts that responders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo will exhaust the current supply of the Ebola virus vaccine before the pharmaceutical company manufacturing them can produce more.
Robert Redfield, director at CDC, relayed that warning to U.S. lawmakers on Tuesday, just as new reports indicated the number of Ebola virus cases in eastern DRC has climbed past 2,000. While the Ebola vaccine has been helpful in this unprecedentedly difficult response effort, regulatory delays have stalled production of new vaccine stocks, Redfield said in a U.S. House of Representatives hearing.
“Operationally, this isn’t really going as effectively as we’d like,” he said. “Vaccine supply is limited, and there’s a need to accelerate that supply,” he said…
“We actually want to vaccinate geographic areas where we can’t function because of the insecurity. Unfortunately, there’s going to be a six to 12-month lag before there’s adequate vaccine supply, so we do project that we are going to run out of vaccine,” Redfield said…

Featured Journal Content

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)
Editorial
Science tikkun: A framework embracing the right of access to innovation and translational medicine on a global scale
Peter J. Hotez
| published 06 Jun 2019 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007117

We’re entering an era when global health is being redefined because of the great progress in vaccination and mass drug administration programs on the one hand, yet on the other hand, there is a changing landscape of social determinants, including urbanization, human migrations, rising antiscience, and a paradigm shift in poverty and poverty-related neglected diseases, known as blue marble health. Science tikkun offers a framework for ensuring that the world’s poor continue to receive access to innovation and technologies in this new world order.

In the almost 2 decades since the start of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), later transitioning to the Global Goals for Sustainable Development, we have seen dramatic public health gains in terms of the global reductions in the world’s poverty-related neglected diseases. Two of the most dramatic improvements have been in terms of deaths from childhood-preventable vaccines and disability from the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Regarding the former, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study reports a 40–75% reduction in deaths of children under the age of five between the years 2000 and 2015 [¹], mostly due to expanded vaccine coverage and introduction of the rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines—activities led by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance [²]. For NTDs, we have seen almost (but not quite) as dramatic decreases in the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the seven major diseases targeted by “rapid impact” packages of donated medicines that have now reached more than 1 billion people [³, ⁴].

Although these gains are impressive, there is still a lot of global health work to be done. Indeed, many of our gains in vaccines and NTDs are under threat from a new group of social determinants and forces that could undermine or even reverse progress made since 2000. For example, because of antivaccine activities and lobbying groups that gained ascendancy more or less contemporaneously with the MDGs, we are seeing thousands of measles cases and deaths return to Europe, and now many counties in the American West have large numbers of unvaccinated children vulnerable to measles and other childhood infections [2, 5]. Children are literally dying as a consequence of an antiscience movement. In Latin America, the political instability and collapse of health systems in Venezuela has also promoted the reemergence of measles cases and deaths there and in neighboring Brazil and Colombia [⁶].

For NTDs, the gains achieved through integrated mass drug administration are also being undermined by Venezuela’s economic collapse [⁷], as well as conflict and wars in the Middle East, central Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa [⁸]. NTDs are also reemerging and rising as a consequence of urbanization [⁹], population shifts and human migrations [¹⁰], climate change [¹¹], and other human-associated activities linked with the modern Anthropocene era [¹²].

The consequences of two sets of opposing forces—reductions in global disease burdens due to expanded use of vaccines and essential medicines for NTDs versus antiscience movements and Anthropocene forces—have produced an interesting quilt or patchwork of poverty-related neglected diseases. Today, some of the highest rates of these conditions likely occur among the world’s estimated 300–400 million indigenous or aboriginal populations [¹³]. However, on a larger scale, analyses of data from both the GBD and the World Health Organization (WHO) reveal that most of the world’s neglected diseases and NTDs are actually found among the poor living in the wealthiest economies, especially the group of 20 nations (G20) together with Nigeria, which has an economy greater than the bottom tier of G20 countries [¹⁴, ¹⁵]. The term “blue marble health” has been used to describe how the “poorest of the rich” are now uniquely vulnerable to disease [¹⁶]. NTDs are also paradoxically widespread among the poor in technologically sophisticated countries such as China, India, Iran, and Pakistan, each of these nations with capabilities to produce nuclear weapons [¹⁷]. Therefore, the world has profoundly changed in a way that suggests rapid progress in disease control, although vulnerable and impoverished populations living amid great wealth and technical sophistication have been left behind. Such populations remain under constant threat from war, urbanization, population migrations, and climate change.

There is an urgent need to repair the gaps left from these modern 21st century forces. According to some religious scholars, the ancient Jewish framework of repairing the parts of the world still left undone after the creation arose some 500 years earlier during the 16th century (Fig 1) [¹⁸]. In his Lurianic Kabbalah, the mystic Rabbi Isaac Luria wrote about reconnecting or repairing the world and cosmos through good works and great deeds [¹⁸].

In 2017, I first wrote on the concept of “science tikkun” as a means of “repair and redemption through science” [¹⁸]. My original definition focused mostly on science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation, citing the examples of joint United States–Soviet cooperation to develop and deploy vaccines for smallpox and polio for purposes of disease eradication [¹⁸–²⁰]. Science tikkun also embraces programs of public engagement by scientists, especially US scientists interacting with the US press, military, and educational sectors [¹⁸].

The new world order of science and technology gaps engendered from the opposing forces of successes due to global vaccine and NTD programs versus opposing social determinants of shifting poverty and blue marble health, urbanization, war and conflict, and antiscience movements affords us an opportunity to expand our science tikkun definitions. Here, I redefine it as initiatives led by scientists to address the innovation gaps in global health and neglected diseases allowing illness and disease not only among the world’s vulnerable populations but especially among the huge numbers of poor living amid wealth and prosperity. A fundamental tenet of science tikkun is that vulnerable populations have a fundamental right to access innovation [²¹]. In this context, science tikkun can take on several different dimensions (Box 1 and Fig 2):

First, basic research on the poverty-related neglected diseases would greatly benefit by expanding its footprint into some of the latest developments in the biochemical, physical, and engineering sciences, including gene editing, functional and comparative OMICs, single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing, and systems biology and immunology, just to name a few approaches [²¹]. In some cases, resource-poor nations that have invested heavily in nuclear technologies, including India, Iran, and Pakistan, for example, could see important benefits by redirecting their scientific and technical prowess into basic science for the neglected diseases.

Second, science tikkun embraces translational medicine to develop new drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and vector control approaches for NTDs and other poverty-related neglected diseases. Such tools are sometimes known as “antipoverty” technologies because of the poverty-promoting disabilities resulting from these diseases [²²–²⁵]. Today, the development of antipoverty technologies is being led by academic institutions and nonprofit product development partnerships, but increasingly, there are links with product manufacturers in a group of nations sometimes known as innovative developing countries [²⁶] and some of the multinational pharmaceutical companies. In the future, the new Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute (Gates MRI) may also play an important role in antipoverty translational medicine.

Lastly, science tikkun can address the social determinants that adversely affect access to innovation for the poor, but two areas in particular that stand out are science diplomacy and combating the rise of antiscience. With regard to the former, the original description of science tikkun designated diplomacy as a central tenet, citing the successes of smallpox and polio eradication that were highlighted earlier [¹⁸–²⁰]. However, because the rise of antivaccine and other antiscience movements now threatens the introduction of new technologies in areas where they might be the most needed [², ²⁵], the current and next generation of scientists embarking on innovation for the poor and vulnerable will be required to address this new threat through public engagement and other mechanisms.

Closing the access to innovation and translational medicine gaps for some of the world’s most disenfranchised peoples—aboriginal populations and the poor living amid wealth—remains one of the great science and technology challenges in this relatively new century. Science tikkun offers a potential and overarching framework for these activities.

Emergencies

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 5 June 2019
:: This week the world’s largest conference on gender equality and the health, rights, and wellbeing of girls and women is happening in Vancouver, Canada. Women are truly delivering a polio-free world. The GPEI proudly recognizes women’s valuable contributions in the fight against polio. For more information on women on the frontlines, please see http://polioeradication.org/gender-and-polio/women-on-the-frontlines-of-polio-eradication/

:: In Papua New Guinea, a GPEI Outbreak Response Assessment reviewed the impact of current outbreak response and concluded that overall strong response had been implemented.  Commending national and subnational public health authorities and health workers on their efforts, the Assessment team underscored the need on now filling any residual subnational surveillance and immunity gaps.  See ‘Papua New Guinea’ section below for more.

:: On 4 June, The Lancet published the results of the first in-human, Phase 1 clinical trial for nOPV2 – a key first step toward determining the potential for a novel type-2 oral polio vaccine that would provide the same level of protection against type-2 poliovirus as OPV without the same risk of reverting into cVDPV2 in under-immunized populations. These initial results are promising, and suggest the vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults; further clinical trial results will be important to evaluate nOPV as a potential tool to sustain a world free from all types of polioviruses.

:: The GPEI Semi-Annual Status Report covering the reporting period July-December 2018 is available online, reporting against the major objectives of the Polio Endgame Plan 2013-2018.  The GPEI will continue to publish its Semi-Annual Status Reports, to track progress against the newly-launched Polio Endgame Strategy 2019-2023.

Summary of new viruses this week:
:: Pakistan – two new WPV1 cases and 16 WPV1-positive environmental samples
:: Afghanistan – one new wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) case;
:: Niger – one cVDPV2 case;
:: Nigeria – one cVDPV2-positive environmental sample.

::::::
::::::

Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 8 Jun 2019]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: 44: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu 4 June 2019
:: Disease Outbreak News (DONs) Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
6 June 2019
[See Ebola DRC above for detail]

Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 8 Jun 2019]

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Cyclone Idai – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi floods – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 8 Jun 2019]

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Angola – No new digest announcements identified
Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – No new digest announcements identified
Indonesia – Sulawesi earthquake 2018 – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

::::::
::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth
:: 03 Jun 2019
Madagascar: ”Climate change compounds humanitarian needs” – UN Deputy Humanitarian Chief

::::::
::::::

WHO & Regional Offices [to 8 Jun 2019]
6 June 2019
News release
More than 1 million new curable sexually transmitted infections every day
Every day, there are more than 1 million new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people aged 15-49 years, according to data released today by the World Health Organization. This amounts to more than 376 million new cases annually of four infections – chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis…

6 June 2019
News release
Food safety is everyone’s business

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GIN May 2019 pdf, 3.35Mb
3 June 2019

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WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: Ethiopia destroyed the mOPV2 vials used for the first phase cVDPV response 06 June 2019
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 30 May 2019: Ethiopia destructed the monovalent type 2 oral polio vaccine (mOPV2) vials that were used in two-rounds of vaccination campaigns conducted in five zones of Somali Region as part of the synchronized Horn of Africa-wide response to a circulating vaccine-derived type 2 virus (cVDV2) outbreak.
:: Sierra Leone leads the way in Africa with fully functional electronic disease surveillance system 06 June 2019
:: WHO empowers 5,500 health workers through capacity building interventions across the North-east of Nigeria 06 June 2019

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: Food safety is everyone’s business (06/06/2019)
:: Cervical cancer prevention, malaria elimination and tobacco control all top of the agenda during Minister of Health of Suriname’s visit to PAHO (06/04/2019)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: Beat air pollution to protect health: World Environment Day 2019 05-06-2019
:: 23 million people falling ill from unsafe food each year in Europe is just the tip of the iceberg 05-06-2019

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
No new digest content identified.

WHO Western Pacific Region
No new digest content identified.

CDC/ACIP [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html

MMWR News Synopsis for Friday, June 7, 2019
Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Pakistan, 2000–2018
Pakistan, with a population of over 200 million people, remains endemic for measles and needs to increase the number of people with two doses of measles vaccine coverage to 95%. This will require continued strengthening of the immunization program with a particular focus on reaching children in rural areas and poor communities. A new report describes progress toward measles elimination in Pakistan during 2000-2018. Before 2000, fewer than 57% of children had received the first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV), and there were on average 3,500 to 28,000 measles cases per year. Estimated first-dose MCV coverage increased from 57% to 76% during 2000–2017, and second-dose MCV coverage increased from 30% to 45% during 2009–2017. Over 232.5 million children received MCV through vaccination campaigns during 2005–2018. Despite these efforts, confirmed measles cases increased during 2010–2018, with 33,007 cases in 2018. To achieve measles elimination, efforts are needed to increase MCV1 and MCV2 coverage; reach communities not accessing immunization services; and improve case detection, reporting and investigation.

Africa CDC [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://au.int/en/africacdc
No new digest content identified.

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
2019-06-06
China to release list of generic drugs by end of June
China will release a list of generic drugs by the end of June this year to guide enterprises to develop, register and produce urgently needed generic drugs for clinical use, public health and safety.

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://cepi.net/
04 Jun 2019
The world needs a Chikungunya vaccine
By Richard Hatchett
Over a billion people live in areas where Chikungunya is endemic. We urgently need a vaccine against this disease.

04 Jun 2019
CEPI awards up to US$21 million to Themis Bioscience for Phase 3 Chikungunya Vaccine Development
Vienna, Austria, and Oslo, Norway, June 4, 2019—Themis Bioscience and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) announced a second partnering agreement under which CEPI, with support from the European Union’s (EU’s) Horizon 2020 programme, will provide up to US$21 million of non-dilutive capital* for Themis’ Phase 3-ready Chikungunya vaccine (MV-CHIK). The funding will underwrite a collaborative effort to accelerate regulatory approval of Themis’ Chikungunya vaccine and ensure that at-risk populations have access to the vaccine. The agreement will provide a significant portion of the capital required for Themis’ Phase 3 clinical trial. Clinical trial applications will be submitted to regulatory authorities in the second half of 2019, with the trial initiation expected shortly thereafter. The pivotal multi-center Phase 3 trial will be launched in Europe, US and the Americas and will also test a single-shot regimen…

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/about/
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
No new digest content identified.

European Vaccine Initiative [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.

FDA [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
No new digest content identified.

Fondation Merieux [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Christophe Mérieux Prize
Maryline Bonnet receives the 2019 Christophe Mérieux Prize for her research on tuberculosis in developing countries
June 6, 2019, Paris (France)
The 2019 Christophe Mérieux Prize was awarded by Fondation Christophe et Rodolphe Mérieux of the Institut de France to Maryline Bonnet on Wednesday June 5th under the dome of the Institut de France. The pulmonologist and research director in Uganda was awarded for her tuberculosis research program in developing countries.

Gavi [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
06 June 2019
Gavi, NEC, and Simprints to deploy world’s first scalable child fingerprint identification solution to boost immunisation in developing countries
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, NEC Corporation, and Simprints Technology Ltd. have signed a memorandum of understanding on the use of biometrics to improve immunisation coverage in developing countries.
Despite enormous progress over the past two decades, there are still approximately 20 million children who do not receive a basic course of vaccines worldwide, leaving them exposed to some of the world’s deadliest diseases.

One key cause is the fact that only half of all children under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa are currently registered at birth, leaving many without an official identity. This makes it difficult for health practitioners to ensure these infants get the vaccines they need at the right time.
Guided by Gavi’s experience and expertise in immunisation, this new project will combine Simprints’ biometric fingerprint technology and NEC’s reinforced authentication engine to help create digital identities for children 1-5 years of age and boost immunisation coverage in developing countries.

This new partnership will deploy the world’s first scalable fingerprint identification solution to give children aged 1-5 a digital ID linked to an accurate, complete medical record. All biometric records will be stored securely by Simprints, a UK-based non-profit social enterprise, after caregivers give informed consent to having their children’s biometric data taken…

GHIT Fund [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
Feature Story
Global Fund Data Explorer
05 June 2019
Visualize Global Fund Investments and Results through the new Data Explorer

News
Takeda Makes First Private Sector Pledge for Global Fund Replenishment
03 June 2019
OSAKA/GENEVA – Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited today became the first private sector company to announce a financial commitment to the Global Fund’s Sixth Replenishment. The new pledge, consisting of JP ¥ 1 billion (approximately US$9 million) over five years, builds on Takeda’s previous contribution to the Global Fund…

Hilleman Laboratories [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Italy
Global youth gathering of thousands to celebrate 100 years of world’s largest humanitarian network
Geneva/Rome, 6 June 2019 – More than 10,000 young Red Cross and Red Crescent leaders and volunteers from 140 countries will gather in northern Italy from 17-23 June to celebrate the centenary of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescen …

IVAC [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
No new digest content identified.

IVI [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

JEE Alliance [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports
El Salvador
Behind the wheel – driving ambulances in El Salvador’s red zones
Voices from the Field 7 Jun 2019

Pakistan
Witnessing poor mother and child healthcare in Balochistan
Project Update 6 Jun 2019

Iran
Providing health care to vulnerable people in Lorestan after floods i…
Project Update 6 Jun 2019

Yemen
Endemic in Yemen, cholera still hits Yemenis hard
Project Update 5 Jun 2019

NIH [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
June 6, 2019
NIH HIV experts prioritize research to achieve sustained ART-free HIV remission
— Scientists explain vision for the future of ART in JAMA commentary.

Immune cells play unexpected role in early tuberculosis infection
June 5, 2019 — NIH-supported discovery may provide a new target for TB drugs, vaccines.

NIH-supported study reveals a novel indicator of influenza immunity
June 3, 2019 — Findings could help scientists design more effective influenza vaccines and lead to the development of novel universal influenza vaccines.

PATH [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
June 3, 2019 by PATH
PATH and Sinapi Biomedical launch lifesaving medical device to combat postpartum hemorrhage
Ellavi—the first commercially available, low-cost, fully assembled uterine balloon tamponade—receives internationally-recognized CE marking

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
5 June 2019
Malawi: remember where we have come from to move forward

5 June 2019
Young women demand accountability at Women Deliver

4 June 2019
Chisinau signs the Paris Declaration
Ruslan Codrenu, the Acting Mayor of Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, signed the Paris Declaration to end the AIDS epidemic in cities on 31 May. He committed the city to achieving the 90–90–90 targets by 2020, whereby 90% of all people living with HIV know their HIV status, 90% of people who know their HIV-positive status are on treatment and 90% of people on treatment have suppressed viral loads. The city will specifically focus on marginalized and vulnerable people and on ending stigma and discrimination.’’…

3 June 2019
Changing the lives of transgender people in Malawi

3 June 2019
TB-related deaths among people living with HIV falling, but not by enough
Even though tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable, it is the top infectious killer worldwide, claiming around 4400 lives a day. TB also remains the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, causing one in three AIDS-related deaths. However, progress has been made―TB-related deaths among people living with HIV peaked in 2005, at 600 000 deaths; since then, they have halved, to 300 000 in 2017…

UNICEF [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
UNICEF ramps up humanitarian assistance to children in Venezuela, delivers 55 tons of health supplies since January
3.2 million children – or 1 in 3 – need assistance
07/06/2019

Press release
Pocket-sized innovation, giant impact: New app and online system launches in South Sudan to support most vulnerable children
The innovations will support case workers helping unaccompanied and separated children, child survivors of sexual violence, and children associated with armed groups.
06/06/2019

Press release
115 million boys and men around the world married as children – UNICEF
First ever analysis on child grooms brings global child marriage figures to 765 million
06/06/2019

Press release
New Dove and UNICEF partnership to reach 10 million young people with essential self-esteem and body confidence education
05/06/2019

Press release
Only 6 per cent of children in Africa live in areas where air pollution is reliably measured at the ground-level
More reliable ground-level measurements are required to combat this silent killer of children, particularly in Africa where the problem is growing and gravely under-studied
04/06/2019

Press release
World not delivering quality maternal health care to poorest mothers – UNICEF
Millions of mothers at risk due to prohibitive health care costs, lack of access to services and skilled professionals, and child marriage
03/06/2019

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 6 June 2019
New funding model to replace the Public Engagement Fund
Imran Khan, Greer Roberts, Public Engagement team – Wellcome
This autumn we’ll be announcing new partnerships that will allocate funding to innovative public engagement projects. To allow us to do so, we’re closing the Public Engagement Fund.

The Wistar Institute [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Release Jun. 3, 2019
University Place Associates and The Wistar Institute Collaborate to Create New Research and Discovery Hub in Philadelphia’s University City District
Allows for establishment of collaborations among Wistar and academic research and biotechnology start-up communities in the region.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/
No new digest content identified.

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BIO [to 8 Jun 2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
Jun 5 2019
BIO Applauds House Passage of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act
The Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) applauds members of the House of Representatives for passing the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act (PAHPAI) of 2019.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
No new digest content identified.

IFPMA [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.

PhRMA [to 8 Jun 2019]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 100, Issue 6, 2019
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/14761645/100/6

Stories from the Field
On the Ground in Malawi—First Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Study in Africa
Pratiksha Patel, Priyanka Patel, James E. Meiring, Theresa Misiri, Felistas Mwakiseghile and Melita A. Gordon
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0014

BMC Health Services Research
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
Immigrant health access in Texas: policy, rhetoric, and fear in the Trump era
Since the 2016 presidential election, reports have suggested that President Trump’s rhetoric and his administration’s proposed policies could be exacerbating barriers to accessing health care for undocumented …
Authors: Timothy Callaghan, David J. Washburn, Katharine Nimmons, Delia Duchicela, Anoop Gurram and James Burdine
Citation: BMC Health Services Research 2019 19:342
Published on: 5 June 2019

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
A decade of sustained geographic spread of HIV infections among women in Durban, South Africa
Fine scale geospatial analysis of HIV infection patterns can be used to facilitate geographically targeted interventions. Our objective was to use the geospatial technology to map age and time standardized HIV…
Authors: Gita Ramjee, Benn Sartorius, Natashia Morris, Handan Wand, Tarylee Reddy, Justin D. Yssel and Frank Tanser
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:500
Published on: 7 June 2019

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
Mapping evidence of intervention strategies to improving men’s uptake to HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic scoping review
HIV testing serves as a critical gateway for linkage and retention to care services, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries with high burden of HIV infections. However, the current progress towards addr…
Authors: Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Tivani Mashamba-Thompson, Sizwe Makhunga and Khumbulani Hlongwana
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:496
Published on: 6 June 2019

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
|   3 June 2019
Huge variation in obtaining ethical permission for a non-interventional observational study in Europe
Ethical approval (EA) must be obtained before medical research can start. We describe the differences in EA for an pseudonymous, non-interventional, observational European study.
Authors: Dylan W. de Lange, Bertrand Guidet, Finn H. Andersen, Antonio Artigas, Guidio Bertolini, Rui Moreno, Steffen Christensen, Maurizio Cecconi, Christina Agvald-Ohman, Primoz Gradisek, Christian Jung, Brian J. Marsh, Sandra Oeyen, Bernardo Bollen Pinto, Wojciech Szczeklik, Ximena Watson…

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
|   3 June 2019
A survey in Mexico about ethics dumping in clinical research
The exportation of unethical practices to low- and middle-income countries (“Ethics Dumping”) has been conceived as a prevalent practice which needs to be examined more closely. Such a practice might point towards the exploitation of vulnerable population groups. We conducted a survey among Mexican research ethics committee members to explore the issue of ethics dumping in Mexico by understanding how its existence and contributing factors and norms are perceived by these ethics committee members.
Authors: Novoa-Heckel Germán and Bernabe Rosemarie

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpregnancychildbirth/content
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
Conditional cash transfers to improve use of health facilities by mothers and newborns in conflict affected countries, a prospective population based intervention study from Afghanistan
The effects of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs on maternal and child health (MCH) service use in conflicted affected countries such as Afghanistan are not known.
Authors: Karen M. Edmond, Abo Ishmael Foshanji, Malalai Naziri, Ariel Higgins-Steele, Jane Machlin Burke, Natalie Strobel and Farhad Farewar
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2019 19:193
Published on: 3 June 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 8 Jun 2019)

Research article
Monitoring progress towards the elimination of measles in Iran: supporting evidence from 2014 to 2016 by application of measles outbreaks data
To achieve the goal of measles eradication, all WHO member countries should continuously monitor the status of measles elimination. This work aims to characterize measles outbreaks in Iran from 2014 to 2016 an…
Authors: Naser Piri, Manoochehr Karami, Leili Tapak, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei and Younes Mohammadi
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:687
Published on: 3 June 2019

BMJ Open
June 2019 – Volume 9 – 6
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/current

Article
Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situation Analysis (MIACSA) study protocol: a multiregional, cross-sectional analysis of maternal immunization delivery strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (4 June, 2019)
Nathalie Roos, Philipp Lambach, Carsten Mantel, Elizabeth Mason, Flor M Muñoz, Michelle Giles, Allisyn Moran, Joachim Hombach, Theresa Diaz

Child Care, Health and Development
Volume 45, Issue 4 Pages: 473-612 July 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/13652214/current

RESEARCH ARTICLES
“Just keep pushing”: Parents’ experiences of accessing child and adolescent mental health services for child anxiety problems
Lauren Crouch,Tessa Reardon, Alice Farrington, Frankie Glover, Cathy Creswell
Pages: 491-499
First Published: 16 April 2019

Conflict and Health
http://www.conflictandhealth.com/
[Accessed 8 Jun 2019]

Research
|   4 June 2019
Predictors of posttraumatic growth among conflict-related sexual violence survivors from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kimberley Anderson, Amra Delić, Ivan Komproe, Esmina Avdibegović, Elisa van Ee and Heide Glaesmer

Conflict and Health
http://www.conflictandhealth.com/
[Accessed 8 Jun 2019]

Research
|   4 June 2019
Nutritional profile of Syrian refugee children before resettlement
Authors: Sweetmavourneen Pernitez-Agan, Kolitha Wickramage, Catherine Yen, Elizabeth Dawson-Hahn, Tarissa Mitchell and Dominik Zenner

Conflict and Health
http://www.conflictandhealth.com/
[Accessed 8 Jun 2019]

Research
|   3 June 2019
‘We just been forced to do it’: exploring victimization and agency among internally displaced young mothers in Bogotá
Authors: Yazmin Cadena-Camargo, Anja Krumeich, Maria Claudia Duque-Páramo and Klasien Horstman

Developing World Bioethics
Volume 19, Issue 2 Pages: 61-122 June 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14718847/current

COUNTRY REPORT
How do Chinese universities address research integrity and misconduct? A review of university documents
Nannan Yi, Benoit Nemery, Kris Dierickx
Pages: 64-75
First Published: 15 May 2019
ABSTRACT
Background
Scientific researchers are expected to follow the professional norms in their own domain. With a growing number of scientific publications retracted and research misconduct cases revealed in recent years, Chinese biomedical research integrity is questioned. As institutions educating and training future researchers, universities and the guidance they provide are important for the research quality and integrity of the country. Therefore, through a review of the guidance and policy documents on research integrity in Chinese universities, this work aims to investigate how the professional norms are specified in these documents.
Methods
After a stratified sampling, 53 universities were selected. Their guidance and policy documents on research integrity were collected via a web search of their official websites. The search was confirmed by these universities. Then the content of all the collected documents were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Results
118 active university documents were collected and analyzed. Most of the Chinese universities we investigated had their own guidance or policy on research integrity. They listed principles or examples of desired and undesired academic practices, investigation procedures and punishments of academic misconduct, and put forward measures to promote research integrity. Differences on specific practices and principles were observed between university groups and with European university documents.
Conclusion
Despite the discrepancy they have, all these documents were designed to promote research integrity and cultivate a good research environment in Chinese biomedical domain. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement, for example, through more consultation of international guidance.

Developing World Bioethics
Volume 19, Issue 2 Pages: 61-122 June 2019
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14718847/current

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Considerations for community engagement when conducting clinical trials during infectious disease emergencies in West Africa
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Dan Allman, Bridget Haire, Aminu Yakubu, Muhammed O. Afolabi, Joseph Cooper
Pages: 96-105
First Published: 15 November 2018
Abstract
Community engagement in research, including public health related research, is acknowledged as an ethical imperative. While medical care and public health action take priority over research during infectious disease outbreaks, research is still required in order to learn from epidemic responses. The World Health Organisation developed a guide for community engagement during infectious disease epidemics called the Good Participatory Practice for Trials of Emerging (and Re‐emerging) Pathogens that are Likely to Cause Severe Outbreaks in the Near Future and for which Few or No Medical Counter‐Measures Exist (GPP‐EP). This paper identified priorities for community engagement for research conducted during infectious disease outbreaks drawing on discussions held with a purposive sample of bioethicists, social scientists, researchers, policy makers and laypersons who work with ethics committees in West Africa. These perspectives were considered in the light of the GPP‐EP, which adds further depth and dimension to discussions on community engagement frameworks. It concludes that there is no presumptive justification for the exclusion of communities in the design, implementation and monitoring of clinical trials conducted during an infectious disease outbreak. Engagement that facilitates collaboration rather than partnership between researchers and the community during epidemics is acceptable.

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 24 Nov 2018]

Research
|   7 June 2019
The international partner universities of East African health professional programmes: why do they do it and what do they value?
Globalization and funding imperatives drive many universities to internationalize through global health programmes. University-based global health researchers, advocates and programmes often stress the importance of addressing health inequity through partnerships. However, empirical exploration of perspectives on why universities engage in these partnerships and the benefits of them is limited.
Authors: Aaron N. Yarmoshuk, Donald C. Cole, Anastasia Nkatha Guantai, Mughwira Mwangu and Christina Zarowsky

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 75, May 2019
https://odihpn.org/magazine/communication-community-engagement-humanitarian-response/

Special Feature: Making humanitarian action work for women and girls
by HPN May 2019
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Women Deliver, is making humanitarian action work for women and girls. Despite gains, including commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, there is still much to be done to address the gendered impacts of humanitarian crises and improve gender-sensitive humanitarian action.

In the lead article, Jacqueline Paul advocates for feminist humanitarian action based on evidence that improvements in women’s socio-economic status can reduce excess mortality among women after shocks. Jean Kemitare, Juliet Were and Jennate Eoomkham look at the role of local women’s rights organisations in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, and Marcy Hersh and Diana Abou Abbas highlight opportunities for more concrete action on sexual and reproductive health in emergencies.

Citing experience from Vanuatu, Jane Newnham explains how women will choose to use contraceptives even during a humanitarian response, when services and counselling are delivered in an appropriate and responsive way. Drawing on experience in Bangladesh, Tamara Fetters and colleagues challenge the belief that abortion is a non-essential service, or too complicated for humanitarian actors to provide. Darcy Ataman, Shannon Johnson, Justin Cikuru and Jaime Cundy reflect on an innovative programme using music therapy to help survivors of trauma.

Emilie Rees Smith, Emma Symonds and Lauryn Oates highlight lessons from the STAGE education programme in Afghanistan, and Degan Ali and Deqa Saleh outline how African Development Solutions is helping women and girls take on leadership and decision-making roles in Somalia. Fiona Samuels and Taveeshi Gupta explore patterns of suicide among young people in Vietnam, with a particular focus on girls, and Subhashni Raj, Brigitte Laboukly and Shantony Moli illustrate the importance of a gendered approach to community-based disaster risk reduction in the South-West Pacific. Nicola Jones, Workneh Yadete and Kate Pincock draw on research in Ethiopia to explore the gender- and age-specific vulnerabilities of adolescents. The edition ends with an article by Julie Rialet-Cislaghi on how humanitarian responses can better address child marriage.

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 75, May 2019
https://odihpn.org/magazine/communication-community-engagement-humanitarian-response/

Special Feature: Making humanitarian action work for women and girls
by HPN May 2019
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Women Deliver, is making humanitarian action work for women and girls. Despite gains, including commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit, there is still much to be done to address the gendered impacts of humanitarian crises and improve gender-sensitive humanitarian action.

In the lead article, Jacqueline Paul advocates for feminist humanitarian action based on evidence that improvements in women’s socio-economic status can reduce excess mortality among women after shocks. Jean Kemitare, Juliet Were and Jennate Eoomkham look at the role of local women’s rights organisations in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, and Marcy Hersh and Diana Abou Abbas highlight opportunities for more concrete action on sexual and reproductive health in emergencies.

Citing experience from Vanuatu, Jane Newnham explains how women will choose to use contraceptives even during a humanitarian response, when services and counselling are delivered in an appropriate and responsive way. Drawing on experience in Bangladesh, Tamara Fetters and colleagues challenge the belief that abortion is a non-essential service, or too complicated for humanitarian actors to provide. Darcy Ataman, Shannon Johnson, Justin Cikuru and Jaime Cundy reflect on an innovative programme using music therapy to help survivors of trauma.

Emilie Rees Smith, Emma Symonds and Lauryn Oates highlight lessons from the STAGE education programme in Afghanistan, and Degan Ali and Deqa Saleh outline how African Development Solutions is helping women and girls take on leadership and decision-making roles in Somalia. Fiona Samuels and Taveeshi Gupta explore patterns of suicide among young people in Vietnam, with a particular focus on girls, and Subhashni Raj, Brigitte Laboukly and Shantony Moli illustrate the importance of a gendered approach to community-based disaster risk reduction in the South-West Pacific. Nicola Jones, Workneh Yadete and Kate Pincock draw on research in Ethiopia to explore the gender- and age-specific vulnerabilities of adolescents. The edition ends with an article by Julie Rialet-Cislaghi on how humanitarian responses can better address child marriage.