Author Archives: davidrcurry

Preparing for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in US Immigrant Communities: Strategies for Allocation, Distribution, and Communication

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American Journal of Public Health
April 2021 111(4)
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current

 

PERSPECTIVES
Preparing for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in US Immigrant Communities: Strategies for Allocation, Distribution, and Communication
Eva H. Clark, Karla Fredricks, Laila Woc-Colburn, Maria Elena Bottazzi and Jill Weatherhead
111(4), pp. 577–581

Recommendations for the Management of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume 104 (2021): Issue 3_Suppl (Mar 2021):
https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/104/3_Suppl/tpmd.104.issue-3_Suppl.xml

 

Pragmatic Recommendations for the Management of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Editorial
Open access
Recommendations for the Management of COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Arjen M. Dondorp, Alfred C. Papali, Marcus J. Schultz, and for the COVID-LMIC Task Force and the Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit (MORU)

Cocreated regional research agenda for evidence-informed policy and advocacy to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights in sub-Saharan Africa (

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BMJ Global Health
April 2021 – Volume 6 – 4
https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/4

 

Commentary
Cocreated regional research agenda for evidence-informed policy and advocacy to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights in sub-Saharan Africa (2 April, 2021)

A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa

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BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 3 Apr 2021)

 

Research article
A scoping review of genetics and genomics research ethics policies and guidelines for Africa
Authors: Joseph Ali, Betty Cohn, Erisa Mwaka, Juli M. Bollinger, Betty Kwagala, John Barugahare, Nelson K. Sewankambo and Joseph Ochieng
Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2021 22:39
Published on: 2 April 2021
Background
Genetics and genomics research (GGR) is increasingly being conducted around the world; yet, researchers and research oversight entities in many countries have struggled with ethical challenges. A range of ethics and regulatory issues need to be addressed through comprehensive policy frameworks that integrate with local environments. While important efforts have been made to enhance understanding and awareness of ethical dimensions of GGR in Africa, including through the H3Africa initiative, there remains a need for in-depth policy review, at a country-level, to inform and stimulate local policy development and revision on the continent.
Conclusions
Enforceable policies that are indispensable to the ethical conduct and review of GGR are either deficient or missing in many African countries. Existing international, GGR-specific ethics guidelines can be used to inform GGR policy development at a country-level, in conjunction with insight from country specific ethics committees and other local stakeholders.

Research priorities for Long Covid: refined through an international multi-stakeholder forum

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BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 3 Apr 2021)

 

Commentary
Research priorities for Long Covid: refined through an international multi-stakeholder forum
In December 2020 ISARIC (the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium), the research funders group GloPID-R (The Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) and global group, Long Covid Support, jointly organised a ‘Long Covid Forum’ [8]. This public forum aimed to gain a better understanding of ‘Long Covid’ and to define research priorities for funders and researchers to take forward.
Authors: Gail Carson
Citation: BMC Medicine 2021 19:84
Published on: 31 March 2021

How can community engagement in health research be strengthened for infectious disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review of the literature

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 3 Apr 2021)

 

How can community engagement in health research be strengthened for infectious disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review of the literature
Community engagement (CE) is a well-established practical and scholarly field, recognised as core to the science and ethics of health research, for which researchers and practitioners have increasingly asked q…
Authors: Samantha Vanderslott, Manya Van Ryneveld, Mark Marchant, Shelley Lees, Sylvie Kwedi Nolna and Vicki Marsh
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:633
Content type: Research article
Published on: 1 April 2021

Scaling up public health interventions: case study of the polio immunization program in Indonesia

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BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 3 Apr 2021)

 

Scaling up public health interventions: case study of the polio immunization program in Indonesia
The scaling up of public health interventions has received greater attention in recent years; however, there remains paucity of systematic investigations of the scaling up processes. We aim to investigate the overall process, actors and contexts of polio immunization scaling up in Indonesia from 1988 until 2018.
Authors: Utsamani Cintyamena, Luthfi Azizatunnisa’, Riris Andono Ahmad and Yodi Mahendradhata
Citation: BMC Public Health 2021 21:614
Content type: Research article
Published on: 29 March 2021

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

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BMJ
03 April 2021(vol 373, issue 8286)
https://www.bmj.com/content/373/8286

 

Research
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
BMJ 2021; 372 :n71 (Published 29 March 2021)
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.

Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa

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Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 99, Number 4, April 2021, 241-320
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/99/4/en/

 

Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis and hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa
— Jennifer Cohn, Morkor N Owiredu, Melanie M Taylor, Philippa Easterbrook, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Bigirimana Francoise, Laura N Broyles, Angela Mushavi, Judith Van Holten, Catherine Ngugi, Fuqiang Cui, Dalila Zachary, Sirak Hailu, Fatima Tsiouris, Monique Andersson, Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha, Wame Jallow, Shaffiq Essajee, Anna L Ross, Rebecca Bailey, Jesal Shah & Meg M Doherty
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.272559

Supply chain transparency and the availability of essential medicines

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Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Volume 99, Number 4, April 2021, 241-320
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/99/4/en/

 

PERSPECTIVES
Supply chain transparency and the availability of essential medicines
— Christine Årdal, Enrico Baraldi, Peter Beyer, Yohann Lacotte, DG Joakim Larsson, Marie-Cécile Ploy, John-Arne Røttingen & Ingrid Smith
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.267724

Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacovigilance: Scoping Points to Consider

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Clinical Therapeutics
Volume 43 Issue 2 p211-430, e33-e56
http://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/current

 

Commentary
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacovigilance: Scoping Points to Consider
Manfred Hauben, Craig G. Hartford
Published online: January 18, 2021
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI), a highly interdisciplinary science, is an increasing presence in pharmacovigilance (PV). A better understanding of the scope of artificial intelligence in pharmacovigilance (AIPV) may be advantageous to more sharply defining, for example, which terms, methods, tasks, and data sets are suitably subsumed under the application of AIPV. Accordingly, this article explores relevant points to consider regarding defining the scope of AIPV and offers a potential working definition of the scope of AIPV.

An ethics framework for consolidating and prioritizing COVID-19 clinical trials

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`
Clinical Trials

 

Volume 18 Issue 2, April 2021
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/ctja/18/2
Ethics
An ethics framework for consolidating and prioritizing COVID-19 clinical trials
Michelle N Meyer, Luke Gelinas, Barbara E Bierer, Sara Chandros Hull, Steven Joffe, David Magnus, Seema Mohapatra, Richard R Sharp, Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Jeremy Sugarman, Benjamin S Wilfond, Holly Fernandez Lynch
First Published February 2, 2021; pp. 226–233
Preview
Given the dearth of established safe and effective interventions to respond to COVID-19, there is an urgent ethical imperative to conduct meaningful clinical research. The good news is that interventions to be tested are not in short supply. Unfortunately, the human and material resources needed to conduct these trials are finite. It is essential that trials be robust and meet enrollment targets and that lower-quality studies not be permitted to displace higher-quality studies, delaying answers to critical questions. Yet, with few exceptions, existing research review bodies and processes are not designed to ensure these conditions are satisfied. To meet this challenge, we offer guidance for research institutions about how to ethically consolidate and prioritize COVID-19 clinical trials, while recognizing that consolidation and prioritization should also take place upstream (among manufacturers and funders) and at a higher level (e.g. nationally). In our proposed three-stage process, trials must first meet threshold criteria. Those that do are evaluated in a second stage to determine whether the institution has sufficient capacity to support all proposed trials. If it does not, the third stage entails evaluating studies against two additional sets of comparative prioritization criteria: those specific to the study and those that aim to advance diversification of an institution’s research portfolio. To implement these criteria fairly, we propose that research institutions form COVID-19 research prioritization committees. We briefly discuss some important attributes of these committees, drawing on the authors’ experiences at our respective institutions. Although we focus on clinical trials of COVID-19 therapeutics, our guidance should prove useful for other kinds of COVID-19 research, as well as non-pandemic research, which can raise similar challenges due to the scarcity of research resources.

Blended Learning Using Peer Mentoring and WhatsApp for Building Capacity of Health Workers for Strengthening Immunization Services in Kenya

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Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP)
Vol. 9, No. 1 April 01, 2021
http://www.ghspjournal.org/content/current

 

PROGRAM CASE STUDIES
Blended Learning Using Peer Mentoring and WhatsApp for Building Capacity of Health Workers for Strengthening Immunization Services in Kenya
Iqbal Hossain, Isaac Mugoya, Lilian Muchai, Kirstin Krudwig, Nicole Davis, Lora Shimp and Vanessa Richart
Global Health: Science and Practice April 2021, 9(1):201-215; https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00421
Innovative learning strategies are needed to improve frontline health workers’ skills for achieving immunization coverage goals—now even more important with COVID-19. Peer mentoring and WhatsApp networking are low-cost and useful blended learning methods for need-based and individualized capacity building of health workers for improving immunization services that don’t disrupt the health care workers’ regular work.

Lessons from the pandemic on the value of research infrastructure

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Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 3 Apr 2021]

 

Lessons from the pandemic on the value of research infrastructure
The COVID-19 pandemic has shed a spotlight on the resilience of healthcare systems, and their ability to cope efficiently and effectively with unexpected crises. If we are to learn one economic lesson from the…
Authors: Laurence S. J. Roope, Paolo Candio, Vasiliki Kiparoglou, Helen McShane, Raymond Duch and Philip M. Clarke
Citation: Health Research Policy and Systems 2021 19:54
Content type: Commentary
Published on: 1 April 2021

Disability inclusion in humanitarian action

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Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 78, October 2020
https://odihpn.org/magazine/inclusion-of-persons-with-disabilities-in-humanitarian-action-what-now/

 

Disability inclusion in humanitarian action
by HPN October 2020
The theme of this edition of Humanitarian Exchange, co-edited with Sherin Alsheikh Ahmed from Islamic Relief Worldwide, is disability inclusion in humanitarian action. Persons with disabilities are not only disproportionately impacted by conflicts, disasters and other emergencies, but also face barriers to accessing humanitarian assistance. At the same time, global commitments and standards and the IASC Guidelines on the inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action all emphasise how persons with disabilities are also active agents of change. Disability and age-focused organisations have led on testing and demonstrating how inclusion can be done better. Yet despite this progress, challenges to effective inclusion remain.

As Kirstin Lange notes in the lead article, chief among these challenges is humanitarian agencies’ lack of engagement with organisations of persons with disabilities. Simione Bula, Elizabeth Morgan and Teresa Thomson look at disability inclusion in humanitarian response in the Pacific, and Kathy Al Jubeh and Alradi Abdalla argue for a ‘participation revolution’, building on learning from the gender movement. Tchaurea Fleury and Sulayman AbdulMumuni Ujah outline how the Bridge Article 11 training initiative is encouraging constructive exchange between humanitarian and disability actors. The lack of good, disaggregated data is highlighted by Sarah Collinson; Frances Hill, Jim Cranshaw and Carys Hughes emphasise the need for training resources in local languages and accessible formats; and Sophie Van Eetvelt and colleagues report on a review of the evidence on inclusion of people with disabilities and older people.

Rebecca Molyneux and co-authors analyse the findings of a review of a DFID programme in north-east Nigeria, while Carolin Funke highlights the importance of strategic partnerships between disability-focused organisations, drawing on her research in Cox’s Bazar. Sherin Alsheikh Ahmed describes Islamic Relief Worldwide’s approach to mainstreaming protection and inclusion, while Pauline Thivillier and Valentina Shafina outline IRC’s Client Responsive Programming. The edition ends with reflections by Mirela Turcanu and Yves Ngunzi Kahashi on CAFOD’s SADI approach.

Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review

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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 223, Issue 4, 15 February 2021
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/223/4

 

REVIEW
Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review
Tommaso Celeste Bulfone, Mohsen Malekinejad, George W Rutherford, Nooshin Razani
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 223, Issue 4, 15 February 2021, Pages 550–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa742
This systematic review found that while outdoor environments do seem at lower risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses than indoor environments, there are data showing that infection transmission is possible outdoors, thus warranting further rigorous investigation.

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Ad26.RSV.preF Investigational Vaccine Coadministered With an Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults

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Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 223, Issue 4, 15 February 2021
https://academic.oup.com/jid/issue/223/4

 

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Ad26.RSV.preF Investigational Vaccine Coadministered With an Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults
Jerald Sadoff, Els De Paepe, Wouter Haazen, Edmund Omoruyi, Arangassery R Bastian …
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 223, Issue 4, 15 February 2021, Pages 699–708, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa409
Coadministration of Fluarix with the Ad26.RSV.preF vaccine had an acceptable safety profile and showed no evidence of interference in immune response in healthy adults aged ≥60 years.

Global Ethical Considerations Regarding Mandatory Vaccination in Children

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Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 231 p1-304
http://www.jpeds.com/current

 

Reflections on Ethics and Advocacy in Child Health
Global Ethical Considerations Regarding Mandatory Vaccination in Children
Julian Savulescu, Alberto Giubilini, Margie Danchin
Published online: January 20, 2021
p10-16
Open Access
Whether children should be vaccinated against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) (or other infectious diseases such as influenza) and whether some degree of coercion should be exercised by the state to ensure high uptake depends, among other things, on the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. For COVID-19, these factors are currently unknown for children, with unanswered questions also on children’s role in the transmission of the virus, the extent to which the vaccine will decrease transmission, and the expected benefit (if any) to the child. Ultimately, deciding whether to recommend that children receive a novel vaccine for a disease that is not a major threat to them, or to mandate the vaccine, requires precise information on the risks, including disease severity and vaccine safety and effectiveness, a comparative evaluation of the alternatives, and the levels of coercion associated with each. However, the decision also requires balancing self-interest with duty to others, and liberty with usefulness. Separate to ensuring vaccine supply and access, we outline 3 requirements for mandatory vaccination from an ethical perspective: (1) whether the disease is a grave threat to the health of children and to public health, (2) positive comparative expected usefulness of mandatory vaccination, and (3) proportionate coercion. We also suggest that the case for mandatory vaccine in children may be strong in the case of influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adolescent Consent for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Ethical, Legal, and Practical Considerations

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Journal of Pediatrics
Volume 231 p1-304
http://www.jpeds.com/current

 

Adolescent Consent for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Ethical, Legal, and Practical Considerations
Gregory D. Zimet, Ross D. Silverman, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Abigail English
Published online: January 20, 2021
p24-30
We address ethical, legal, and practical issues related to adolescent self-consent for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. HPV vaccination coverage continues to lag well behind the national goal of 80% series completion. Structural and behavioral interventions have improved vaccination rates, but attitudinal, behavioral, and access barriers remain. A potential approach for increasing access and improving vaccination coverage would be to permit adolescents to consent to HPV vaccination for themselves. We argue that adolescent self-consent is ethical, but that there are legal hurdles to be overcome in many states. In jurisdictions where self-consent is legal, there can still be barriers due to lack of awareness of the policy among healthcare providers and adolescents. Other barriers to implementation of self-consent include resistance from antivaccine and parent rights activists, reluctance of providers to agree to vaccinate even when self-consent is legally supported, and threats to confidentiality. Confidentiality can be undermined when an adolescent’s self-consented HPV vaccination appears in an explanation of benefits communication sent to a parent or if a parent accesses an adolescent’s vaccination record via state immunization information systems. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to a substantial drop in HPV vaccination, there may be even more reason to consider self-consent. The atmosphere of uncertainty and distrust surrounding future COVID-19 vaccines underscores the need for any vaccine policy change to be pursued with clear communication and consistent with ethical principles.

The first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a cross-sectional study

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The Lancet
Apr 03, 2021 Volume 397 Number 10281 p1237-1324, e10
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

 

Articles
The first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a cross-sectional study
Stephanie J Salyer, et al
Although the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic progressed more slowly in Africa than the rest of the world, by December, 2020, the second wave appeared to be much more aggressive with many more cases. To date, the pandemic situation in all 55 African Union (AU) Member States has not been comprehensively reviewed. We aimed to evaluate reported COVID-19 epidemiology data to better understand the pandemic’s progression in Africa.

Health data poverty: an assailable barrier to equitable digital health care

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Lancet Digital Health
Apr 2021 Volume 3 Number 4 e204-e273
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landig/issue/current

 

Viewpoint
Health data poverty: an assailable barrier to equitable digital health care
Hussein Ibrahim, Xiaoxuan Liu, Nevine Zariffa, Andrew D Morris, Alastair K Denniston
Summary
Data-driven digital health technologies have the power to transform health care. If these tools could be sustainably delivered at scale, they might have the potential to provide everyone, everywhere, with equitable access to expert-level care, narrowing the global health and wellbeing gap. Conversely, it is highly possible that these transformative technologies could exacerbate existing health-care inequalities instead. In this Viewpoint, we describe the problem of health data poverty: the inability for individuals, groups, or populations to benefit from a discovery or innovation due to a scarcity of data that are adequately representative. We assert that health data poverty is a threat to global health that could prevent the benefits of data-driven digital health technologies from being more widely realised and might even lead to them causing harm. We argue that the time to act is now to avoid creating a digital health divide that exacerbates existing health-care inequalities and to ensure that no one is left behind in the digital era.

Immunogenicity and safety of simplified vaccination schedules for the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in healthy individuals aged 9–50 years (CYD65): a randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Apr 2021 Volume 21 Number 4 p439-578, e67-e109
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Articles
Immunogenicity and safety of simplified vaccination schedules for the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in healthy individuals aged 9–50 years (CYD65): a randomised, controlled, phase 2, non-inferiority study
Diana Leticia Coronel-MartÍnez, et al.

Accuracy and efficacy of pre-dengue vaccination screening for previous dengue infection with five commercially available immunoassays: a retrospective analysis of phase 3 efficacy trials

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Apr 2021 Volume 21 Number 4 p439-578, e67-e109
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Accuracy and efficacy of pre-dengue vaccination screening for previous dengue infection with five commercially available immunoassays: a retrospective analysis of phase 3 efficacy trials
Carlos A DiazGranados, et al.

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine schedules for the post-eradication era: a randomised open-label, multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority trial

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Apr 2021 Volume 21 Number 4 p439-578, e67-e109
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine schedules for the post-eradication era: a randomised open-label, multicentre, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Ananda S Bandyopadhyay, et al.
Open Access

The granting of emergency use designation to COVID-19 candidate vaccines: implications for COVID-19 vaccine trials

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Lancet Infectious Diseases
Apr 2021 Volume 21 Number 4 p439-578, e67-e109
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current

 

Personal View
The granting of emergency use designation to COVID-19 candidate vaccines: implications for COVID-19 vaccine trials
Jerome Amir Singh, Ross E G Upshur
Summary
An efficacious COVID-19 vaccine is currently the world’s leading research priority. Several nations have indicated that if there is a compelling case for use of a vaccine before it is licensed, they would be prepared to authorise its emergency use or conditional approval on public health grounds. As of Dec 1, 2020, several developers of leading COVID-19 candidate vaccines have indicated that they have applied, or intend to apply, for emergency authorisation for their vaccines. Should candidate vaccines attain emergency use designation and be programmatically deployed before their phase 3 trials conclude, such a strategy could have far reaching consequences for COVID-19 vaccine research and the effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic. These issues merit careful consideration.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics

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Lancet Public Health
Apr 2021 Volume 6 Number 4 e192-e259
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/issue/current

 

Articles
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics
Michaël Schwarzinger, Verity Watson, Pierre Arwidson, François Alla, Stéphane Luchini

Safety and immunogenicity of the adjunct therapeutic vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in adults who have completed treatment for tuberculosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial

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Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Apr 2021 Volume 9 Number 4 p319-434, e30-e46
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/issue/current

 

Articles
Safety and immunogenicity of the adjunct therapeutic vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in adults who have completed treatment for tuberculosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2a trial
Tracey A Day, et al for the TBVPX-203 study team

The TOPMed genomic resource for human health

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Nature Reviews Genetics
Volume 22 Issue 4, April 2021
https://www.nature.com/nrg/volumes/22/issues/4

 

In Brief | 02 March 2021
The TOPMed genomic resource for human health
The TOPMed consortium report whole-genome sequencing data from 53,831 ethnically diverse participants. They describe the key features of the genetic variation and produce data resources for future medical research by the wider scientific community.
Darren J. Burgess

COVID-19 vaccines: modes of immune activation and future challenges

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Nature Reviews Immunology
Volume 21 Issue 4, April 2021
https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/21/issues/4

 

Comment | 05 March 2021
COVID-19 vaccines: modes of immune activation and future challenges
This Comment outlines how the recently licensed vaccines for COVID-19 activate innate immune mechanisms to promote immune memory to SARS-CoV-2. The authors also consider future challenges that could limit vaccine efficacy.
John R. Teijaro & Donna L. Farber

Signals of hope: gauging the impact of a rapid national vaccination campaign

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Nature Reviews Immunology
Volume 21 Issue 4, April 2021
https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/21/issues/4

 

Comment | 12 March 2021
Signals of hope: gauging the impact of a rapid national vaccination campaign
Preliminary data from Israel demonstrate real-life effectiveness of their COVID-19 vaccination campaign and provide insights that could inform rollout in other countries.
Smadar Shilo, Hagai Rossman  & Eran Segal

A Half-Century of Progress in Health: The National Academy of Medicine at 50: Emerging Infectious Diseases — Learning from the Past and Looking to the Future

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New England Journal of Medicine
April 1, 2021 Vol. 384 No. 13
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

 

Perspective
A Half-Century of Progress in Health: The National Academy of Medicine at 50: Emerging Infectious Diseases — Learning from the Past and Looking to the Future
Christopher Elias, M.D., M.P.H., John N. Nkengasong, Ph.D., and Firdausi Qadri, Ph.D.
Remarkable progress has been made in preventing deaths from infectious diseases. Now, attention could shift to focusing more resources on pandemic preparedness, including detecting and containing emerging zoonotic threats while they are localized and manageable.

Brief Report: Ebola Virus Transmission Initiated by Relapse of Systemic Ebola Virus Disease

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New England Journal of Medicine
April 1, 2021 Vol. 384 No. 13
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

 

Original Articles
Brief Report: Ebola Virus Transmission Initiated by Relapse of Systemic Ebola Virus Disease
Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, M.D., Ph.D. et al
Summary
During the 2018–2020 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in North Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, EVD was diagnosed in a patient who had received the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccine expressing a ZEBOV glycoprotein (rVSV-ZEBOV) (Merck). His treatment included an Ebola virus (EBOV)–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb114), and he recovered within 14 days. However, 6 months later, he presented again with severe EVD-like illness and EBOV viremia, and he died. We initiated epidemiologic and genomic investigations that showed that the patient had had a relapse of acute EVD that led to a transmission chain resulting in 91 cases across six health zones over 4 months. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.)

Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 3 Apr 2021)

 

Research Article
Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country
Yi-Hua Pan, Mei-Ying Liao, Yu-Wen Chien, Tzong-Shiann Ho, Hui-Ying Ko, Chin-Rur Yang, Shu-Fen Chang, Chia-Yi Yu, Shu-Yu Lin, Pin-Wei Shih, Pei-Yun Shu, Day-Yu Chao, Chao-Ying Pan, Hong-Ming Chen, Guey-Chuen Perng, Chia-Chi Ku, Chwan-Chuen King
| published 01 Apr 2021 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009312

Rapidly modifiable factors associated with full vaccination status among children in Niamey, Niger: A cross-sectional, random cluster household survey

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PLoS One
http://www.plosone.org/
[Accessed 3 Apr 2021]

 

Rapidly modifiable factors associated with full vaccination status among children in Niamey, Niger: A cross-sectional, random cluster household survey
Mika Kondo Kunieda, Mahamane Laouali Manzo, Akira Shibanuma, Masamine Jimba
Research Article | published 31 Mar 2021 PLOS ONE
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249026

Health and economic impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in hindering antimicrobial resistance in China

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PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
March 30, 2021; vol. 118 no. 13
https://www.pnas.org/content/118/13

 

Economic Sciences
Health and economic impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in hindering antimicrobial resistance in China
Ember (Yiwei) Lu, Hui-Han Chen, Hongqing Zhao, and Sachiko Ozawa
PNAS March 30, 2021 118 (13) e2004933118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004933118