Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 22  Pages 2871-2974 (16 May 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/22

Research article Open access
Immunization in pregnancy safety surveillance in low and middle-income countries- field performance and validation of novel case definitions
Sonali Kochhar, Ed Clarke, Alane Izu, Kebonethebe Emmanuel Kekane – Mochwari, Clare L. Cutland
Pages 2967-2974

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 18 May 2019)

Open Access Article
Combating Vaccine Hesitancy with Vaccine-Preventable Disease Familiarization: An Interview and Curriculum Intervention for College Students
by Deborah K. Johnson, Emily J. Mello, Trent D. Walker, Spencer J. Hood, Jamie L. Jensen and Brian D. Poole
Vaccines 2019, 7(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7020039 – 12 May 2019
Abstract
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed vaccine hesitancy in its top ten threats to global health. Vaccine hesitancy is a “delay in acceptance or refusal to vaccinate despite availability of vaccination services”. Urban areas with large amounts of vaccine hesitancy are at risk for the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Many vaccine-hesitant (VH) parents may be unfamiliar with the consequences of VPDs, and thus might be swayed when confronted with the symptoms and dangers of VPDs. As such, we sought to educate college students (future parents) in an urban vaccine-hesitant hotspot by assigning them to interview family or community members who had experienced a VPD. Student vaccine attitudes were assessed by surveys before and after the interviews. Vaccine-hesitant students who conducted a VPD interview but received no additional vaccine educational materials were significantly more likely (interaction term p < 0.001) to become pro-vaccine (PV) (68%) than students who conducted an autoimmune interview and received no additional educational materials. Additionally, students whose interviewees experienced intense physical suffering or physical limitations or students who were enrolled in a course with intensive VPD and vaccine curriculum had significantly increased vaccine attitudes. This suggests that introducing students to VPDs can decrease vaccine hesitancy.

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Current Tropical Medicine Reports
First Online: 08 May 2019
Changing Epidemiology, Treatment, and Vaccine Update on Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses
A Sanyaolu, O Ayodele, L Likaj, A Marinkovic, J Locke…
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Now more than ever, regions other than Africa and Asia, such as the USA, are being affected by the rising epidemic of vector-borne illnesses, specifically Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika viruses; this has prompted this review aimed at discussing the changing epidemiology of the three diseases as well as the current treatment and vaccines in development to control the diseases. With the viruses being spread through a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, mosquito bites, fetal transmission, sexual contact, breast milk, and saliva, there is no doubt that more preventative measures are required.
Recent Findings
The changing epidemiology of the three viruses is already creating an impact, with the spread of Dengue in 2009 in Florida, to the 2013 spread of Chikungunya through the Caribbean, and now, the Zika virus making its mark on the tropics with major concerns of it spreading to the Western Hemisphere, including the USA. Although, they are all vector-borne illnesses, each carries its own clinical presentations that sometimes make it hard to diagnose. Collectively, there are no current vaccines or antiviral drugs against these three viruses, and with no sign of the spread slowing down, more geographic regions are in danger of being hit by these diseases in the near future.
Summary
As the evolving world for the three viruses continues due to changes in epidemiology, there is a dire need to develop vaccines for each of the three diseases that will target a variety of mechanisms to help fight the transmission and provide succor to affected communities. Public health preventive strategies need to be employed for proper actions to be take aimed at preventing viral transmission and ultimately, helping to fight this changing epidemiology of vector-borne diseases.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
May 17, 2019
Why Edward Jenner Infected His Gardener’s Son With Smallpox
Friday marks the 270th birthday of Edward Jenner, the doctor who developed the world’s first vaccine.
By Kiona N. Smith Contributor

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
New York
Orthodox Jewish communities face antisemitism over measles outbreak
Incidents such as a bus driver allegedly refusing to stop for a Hassidic man occur as New York City has nearly 500 measles cases
Orthodox Jewish communities in Brooklyn grappling with a measles outbreak say they are now dealing with a second scourge: fear, profiling and antisemitism inspired by the outbreak.
Incidents have piled up in recent weeks as measles cases continued to rise, community leaders say: a bus driver allegedly refused to stop for a Hassidic man, and then covered her face and shouted “measles” at him when he eventually got on…

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
New York May 14
Despite Measles Warnings, Anti-Vaccine Rally Draws Hundreds of Ultra-Orthodox Jews
A “vaccine symposium” in Rockland County was denounced by health authorities and some ultra-Orthodox rabbis, who said the speakers were spreading dangerous propaganda.

Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 18 May 2019
Oregon vaccine bill dead as US measles count soars
Sarah Zimmerman | AP · May 14, 2019

Parents rally at state Capitol to keep vaccine exemptions
Associated Press · National · May 14, 2019

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
May 15, 2019
We Asked, You Answered: Reflections on the First Round of MVAC Feedback
In March, our team at the Center for Global Development and Office of Health Economics posted a consultation draft of a policy proposal for a Market-Driven, Value-Based Advanced Commitment (MVAC). The MVAC is a new mechanism that puts middle-income country governments in the driver’s seat to accelerate R&D for diseases that affect the world’s poor—specifically, the 10 million men, women, and children who develop tuberculosis (TB) disease each year and desperately need better therapies.
Rachel Silverman, Kalipso Chalkidou and Adrian Towse

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new relevant content]

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 18 May 2019
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

72nd session of the World Health Assembly
20-28 May 2019, Geneva
Main documents [selected]
A72/1 – Provisional agenda

A72/5 – Proposed programme budget 2020–2021
Thirteenth General Programme of Work, 2019-2023
WHO Impact Framework

A72/6 – Public health emergencies: preparedness and response
Report of the Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee for the WHO Health
Emergencies Programme

A72/7 – Public health emergencies: preparedness and response
WHO’s work in health emergencies

A72/8 – Public health emergencies: preparedness and response
International Health Regulations (2005)
Annual report on the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005)

A72/9 – Polio Eradication

A72/10 – Polio Transition

A72/11 – Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

A72/12 – Universal health coverage
Primary health care towards universal health coverage

A72/17 – Access to medicines and vaccines

A72/18 – Follow-up to the high-level meetings of the United Nations General Assembly on
health-related issues
Antimicrobial resistance

A72/19 – Follow-up to the high-level meetings of the United Nations General Assembly on
health-related issues
Prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases

A72/20 – Follow-up to the high-level meetings of the United Nations General Assembly on
health-related issues
Ending tuberculosis

A72/21 – Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and
access to vaccines and other benefits
Implementation of decision WHA71(11) (2018)

A72/22 – Member State mechanism on substandard and falsified medical products

A72/25 – Promoting the health of refugees and migrants Draft global action plan, 2019–2023

A72/28 – Smallpox eradication: destruction of variola virus stocks

[Full Main Documents inventory at title link above]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

Measles – Europe

Over 100,000 people sick with measles in 14 months: with measles cases at an alarming level in the European Region, WHO scales up response
Copenhagen, 9 May 2019
WHO is scaling up its response to the ongoing measles outbreaks in the European Region, including by creating an operational platform to accelerate its support to affected countries.
The decision followed an assessment of the measles situation in the Region. It was based on the growing number of children and adults affected by and dying from the disease, and the persistence of pockets of non-immunized or under-immunized individuals in many countries fuelling the continuing spread of measles.

Since 1 January 2018, 47 of the 53 countries in the Region have together reported over 100,000 measles cases and over 90 measles-related deaths. WHO has been supporting them over time to improve their immunization coverage and tackle disease spread. However, as measles continues to circulate across countries, more needs to be done.

“We have observed an unprecedented upsurge in people sick with this preventable disease, and too many have lost their lives to it,” says Dr Dorit Nitzan, Acting Regional Emergency Director at the WHO Regional Office for Europe. “This is unacceptable and we need to be bolder and scale up our response to the next level. I am proud to see that different parts and levels of WHO are intensifying their combined efforts to stop these outbreaks.”

“WHO has been working closely with countries in the European Region to enhance their capacity to protect children from measles. However, this alarming resurgence is a warning that the Region’s immunization coverage is not yet sufficient,” explains Dr Masoud Dara, Acting Director of Communicable Diseases at the WHO Regional Office for Europe. “Escalating our response will enable us to raise political awareness and will help in strengthening European health systems in the longer term to avoid future outbreaks.”

Featured Journal Content

Vaccine
Available online 3 May 2019
Review
Pregnant women & vaccines against emerging epidemic threats: Ethics guidance for preparedness, research, and response
Carleigh B.Krubinera1, Ruth R.FadenabRuth A.KarronbMargaret O.LittlecAnne D.LyerlydJon S.AbramsoneRichard H.BeigifAlejandro R.CraviotogAnna P.DurbinbBruce G.GellinhSwati B.GuptaiDavid C.KaslowjSonaliKochharkFlorenciaLunalCarlaSaenzmJeanne S.SheffieldnPaulina O.Tindanao2The PREVENT Working Group
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.011Get rights and content
Under a Creative Commons license
open access
Abstract
Zika virus, influenza, and Ebola have called attention to the ways in which infectious disease outbreaks can severely – and at times uniquely – affect the health interests of pregnant women and their offspring. These examples also highlight the critical need to proactively consider pregnant women and their offspring in vaccine research and response efforts to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Historically, pregnant women and their offspring have been largely excluded from research agendas and investment strategies for vaccines against epidemic threats, which in turn can lead to exclusion from future vaccine campaigns amidst outbreaks. This state of affairs is profoundly unjust to pregnant women and their offspring, and deeply problematic from the standpoint of public health. To ensure that the needs of pregnant women and their offspring are fairly addressed, new approaches to public health preparedness, vaccine research and development, and vaccine delivery are required. This Guidance offers 22 concrete recommendations that provide a roadmap for the ethically responsible, socially just, and respectful inclusion of the interests of pregnant women in the development and deployment of vaccines against emerging pathogens. The Guidance was developed by the Pregnancy Research Ethics for Vaccines, Epidemics, and New Technologies (PREVENT) Working Group – a multidisciplinary, international team of 17 experts specializing in bioethics, maternal immunization, maternal-fetal medicine, obstetrics, pediatrics, philosophy, public health, and vaccine research and policy – in consultation with a variety of external experts and stakeholders.

Featured Journal Content

DRC – Ebola

WHO Adapts Ebola Vaccination Strategy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Account for Insecurity and Community Feedback
7 May 2019 News release Geneva
WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) today issued new recommendations to address vaccination challenges in the ongoing Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

The recommendations include endorsing operational adjustments that make the vaccination process faster and adjusting the dosage based on available efficacy data. The SAGE also suggested expanding the population eligible for vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV-GP (developed by Merck & Co., Inc), introducing an additional experimental vaccine (developed by Johnson & Johnson), and redoubling ongoing efforts to train nurses, doctors and medical students from Ebola-affected communities to work on vaccination teams.

Vaccination saving lives but challenges remain
More than 111 000 people have been vaccinated in the DRC since the outbreak was declared in August 2018. However, despite the use of a highly efficacious vaccine, the number of new cases continues to rise, in part due to repeated incidents of violence affecting the ability of response teams to immediately identify and create vaccination rings around all people at risk of contracting Ebola.

“We know that vaccination is saving lives in this outbreak,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “We also know that we still face challenges in making sure the contacts of every case receive the vaccine as soon as possible. These recommendations account for ongoing insecurity and incorporate feedback from experts and from the affected communities that will help us continue to adapt the response.”

Professor Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Director of the INRB and Principle Investigator for the rVSV ZEBOV Ebola vaccine protocol, also welcomed the recommendations.

“The DRC Presidential Commission on Ebola highly appreciates the new SAGE recommendations for the rVSV- ZEBOV GP vaccine,” said Professor Muyembe. “This will allow us to address the increasing demand for this vaccine from the communities. In my role as the Principal Investigator of this study, I will work with the teams to ensure the recommendations are implemented as soon as possible.”

Adapting ring vaccination operational approaches: pop-up and targeted geographic vaccination
The SAGE endorsed the use of pop-up and targeted geographic approaches to vaccination when appropriate. These vaccination approaches have already been used successfully in the field by WHO to make the ring vaccination process faster, more secure, and more responsive to community feedback.

In view of the fact that insecurity limits the time that vaccination teams can spend in some communities, and in response to community requests, SAGE recommended steps to streamline implementation of the vaccination protocol. SAGE also endorsed a modified follow-up for safety monitoring.

Adjusting rVSV ZEBOV GP vaccine dosage and eligible population
In addition to vaccinating contacts and contacts of contacts, SAGE now also recommends vaccinating those who could be part of tertiary chains of transmission, such as people in villages and neighborhoods where cases have been reported within the past 21 days. SAGE noted that increasing access to vaccination in the broader community may help enhance community acceptance of the vaccine and other control measures.

SAGE also recommended adjusting the dose of the vaccine currently being used.

“The SAGE emphasized that ring vaccination of contacts and contacts of contacts continues to be the preferred strategy.  However, the Working Group recognized that the current emergency and the available evidence called for a dose-adjusted approach to ensure vaccine continues to be available and offered to individuals at greatest risk of Ebola,” said Helen Rees, Co-Chair of the SAGE Ebola Vaccines Working Group.

People at highest risk (contacts and contacts of contacts) will now receive 0.5ml of vaccine instead of 1ml. This dosage is equal to that used in the successful Ebola ça suffit ring vaccination trial in Guinea in 2015, and is expected to provide the same level of protection.
Those for whom a rapid evolution of the immune response is less critical (people who are considered lower-risk / those who could be potentially involved in tertiary transmission) will receive 0.2ml (1/5 of the current dose).

Use of additional Ebola vaccines: plans for deployment of an additional vaccine underway   
The SAGE reiterated its previous stance stating the need to assess additional Ebola vaccines. SAGE now additionally recommends offering an alternative vaccine (other than rVSV-ZEBOV-GP) to those at lower risk within affected health areas…

Read the interim recommendations for Ebola vaccines pdf, 336kb
7 May 2019

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Disease Outbreak News (DONs)
Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
9 May 2019
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak response this past week continues to be hampered by insecurity. On 3 May in Katwa, a Safe and Dignified Burial (SDB) team was violently attacked following the completion of a burial for a deceased EVD case. In Butembo and surrounding health zones, response activities were repeatedly halted due to a number of serious security incidents taking place from 4-6 May. On 8 May, a group of over 50 armed militia infiltrated the city centre. Security forces repelled the attack following intense gunfire in close proximity to staff accommodations. Although activities resumed on 9 May, after almost five consecutive days of suspension, threats of further attacks against EVD response teams and facilities remain prevalent.
These security incidents, and especially the resultant lack of access to EVD affected communities, remain a major impediment to the response, with teams unable to perform robust surveillance nor deliver much needed treatment and immunisations. The ongoing violent attacks sow fear, perpetuate mistrust, and further compound the multitude of challenges already faced by frontline healthcare workers. Without commitment from all groups to cease these attacks, it is unlikely that this EVD outbreak can remain successfully contained in North Kivu and Ituri provinces…

Featured Journal Content

IPV

Inactivated polio vaccine now introduced worldwide
Geneva, 9 May 2019 – After the introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) into Zimbabwe and Mongolia’s routine immunisation programmes with Gavi’s support, every country worldwide, including all 73 Gavi-supported countries, have now introduced the vaccine which protects children against the disease.

“The commitment displayed by countries to introduce this vaccine so rapidly has been nothing short of remarkable,” said Dr Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. “This is an unequalled achievement, which took the combined efforts of the global health community, governments and thousands of health workers across the globe. It is a global milestone in the fight against polio and we should all be proud of this effort, which moves us closer to a polio-free world.”

By the end of 2017 Gavi, backed by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Norway and the United Kingdom, had helped more than 75 million children to be immunised against polio with IPV. Nepal became the first Gavi-supported country to introduce the vaccine in September 2014, just ten months after the Gavi Board agreed to support the Global Polio Eradication Initiative’s (GPEI) efforts as part of the global effort to eradicate polio. Mongolia and Zimbabwe became the last countries to introduce the vaccine in April 2019.

“Introducing IPV into routine immunisation programmes is a critical milestone on our journey towards a polio-free world,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization and Chair of the GPEI Polio Oversight Board. “It’s also vital that we use the infrastructure that has built up around polio immunisation programmes to ensure that all children receive other nationally-recommended vaccines. Achieving universal health coverage means making sure that all children, rich and poor, receive the same protection from vaccine-preventable diseases.”…

WHO & Regional Offices [to 11 May 2019]
10 May 2019 News release
WHO is establishing technical advisory group and roster of experts on digital health
WHO is establishing a global multi-disciplinary technical group to advise us on issues related to digital health.
WHO’s newly-established Digital Health Department will work to harness the power of digital health technologies and steer developments to contribute to the attainment of all people to the highest level of health through the General Programme of Work (GPW13) triple billion goals and Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages). World Health Assembly resolution WHA/71 A71 on digital health underpins this work.
To support this work, WHO is establishing roster of experts in various areas related to digital health, such as strategic approaches, areas for intervention and governance structures for regulations and adoption of digital health solutions and products. Some of those experts will be selected to be part of a technical advisory group, and others may be called on the be part of specific subgroups…

7 May 2019 News release
WHO Adapts Ebola Vaccination Strategy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Account for Insecurity and Community Feedback
[See Ebola above for detail]

7 May 2019
News release
WHO welcomes industry action to align with global trans fat elimination targets

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Weekly Epidemiological Record, 10 May 2019, vol. 94, 19 (pp. 225–232)
:: Immunization and Vaccine-related Implementation Research Advisory Committee (IVIR-AC) recommendations – March 2019

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WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: The rush to deliver cholera vaccines to remote communities in Zimbabwe 10 May 2019
:: New interactive technology for real time surveillance quality improvement adopted by Botswana 10 May 2019
:: Dr. Stéphane Hugonnet, Epidemiologist, WHO 09 May 2019
Dr. Stéphane Hugonnet is a medical epidemiologist. He was deployed to Mozambique to strengthen the surveillance system and lead a team working with local, national authorities and partners to set up a surveillance system to detect potential epidemics.
:: Immunisation Heroes honoured to mark African Vaccination Week (AVW) in Eswatini
09 May 2019
:: Synchronized Campaign by Senegal and The Gambia For Treated Bed Nets Distribution
08 May 2019
:: More than 435.000 children in Sofala province will be protected against measles, polio and rubella during Health Week in Mozambique 07 May 2019

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: Nursing staff are vital for making progress towards universal health (05/08/2019)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
No new digest content identified.

WHO European Region EURO
:: Over 100 000 people sick with measles in 14 months: with measles cases at an alarming level in the European Region, WHO scales up response 09-05-2019
:: Emergency risk communication package pioneered by WHO/Europe rolls out globally 07-05-2019

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Vaccines are saving millions of lives of children in Somalia 7 May 2019

WHO Western Pacific Region
No new digest content identified.

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Emergencies

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 8 May 2019
:: With recent introduction to the immunization coverage activities in Zimbabwe and Mongolia, at least 1 dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) is now available worldwide in 126 countries. IPV consists of inactivated (killed) poliovirus strains of all three poliovirus types, producing antibodies in the blood to all types. In the event of infection, these antibodies prevent the spread of the virus to the central nervous system and protect against paralysis. Read press release here.
[See above for detail]

Summary of new viruses this week:
:: Pakistan — three wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases and five WPV1-positive environmental samples
:: Nigeria —one circulating vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2)-positive environmental sample
:: Niger —one cVDPV2 isolated from a healthy community

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Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 11 May 2019]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: WHO Adapts Ebola Vaccination Strategy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to Account for Insecurity and Community Feedback 7 May 2019 News release Geneva
:: 40: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu 7 May 2019
:: Disease Outbreak News (DONs) Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
9 May 2019 [See Ebola DRC above for detail]

Syrian Arab Republic
:: Flu season in north-west Syrian Arab Republic 9 May 2019

Nigeria
:: WHO Supports one Million malnourished children in North-east Nigeria Maiduguri, 7 May 2019

Somalia
:: Vaccines are saving millions of lives of children in Somalia: urgent need to scale up routine immunization programme 7 May 2019

Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 11 May 2019]

Cyclone Idai
:: More than 435.000 children in Sofala province will be protected against measles, polio and rubella during Health Week in Mozambique
Beira, 6 May 2019 – Every year the Ministry of Health of Mozambique launches Health Week in Mozambique, together with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) as main partners. Today, the launch was marked by the constraints following Cyclone Idai in the four most affected provinces: Sofala, Manica, Inhambane and Zambezia.

Libya
:: WHO denounces attack on health workers and ambulance in Libyan capital
Tripoli, 9 May – The World Health Organization today condemned in the strongest terms an attack on an ambulance in Tripoli, Libya, on Wednesday 8 May, that left 3 health workers injured, one severely…

Brazil (in Portugese) – No new digest announcements identified
Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 11 May 2019]
Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Indonesia – Sulawesi earthquake 2018 – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Lao People’s Democratic Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Peru – No new digest announcements identified
Philippines – Tyhpoon Mangkhut – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Syria: Situation Report 1: Recent Developments in North-western Syria (as of 10 May 2019)
HIGHLIGHTS
…Conflict has increased in northwest Syria, impacting civilians, civilian infrastructure and service provision in northern Hama and southern Idleb governorates.
…Approximately 180,000 people were displaced between 29 April and 9 May, while 15 health facilities, 16 schools, and 3 IDP settlements are reportedly affected due to hostilities.
…The humanitarian response is scaling up to meet people’s need, in addition to the on-going response

Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth
:: Mozambique: “Aid is free and sexual exploitation and abuse are unacceptable 06 May 2019
…“From the outset of the Cyclone Idai response, and now as we respond to Cyclone Kenneth, we have broadcasted clear messaging – that aid is free, and that sexual exploitation and abuse are unacceptable – through multiple communications channels”, Humanitarian Coordinator for Mozambique Marcoluigi Corsi said today. “We have trained hundreds of aid workers and volunteers on the prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse. However, even in the face of our best efforts to prevent cases from occurring, the reality remains that the risk of sexual exploitation and abuse persists. We have therefore established clear referral pathways to capture and follow-up on any rumor, report or allegation of sexual exploitation and abuse and have clear protocols to fast-track action in response such cases.”…

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CDC/ACIP [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
Thursday, May 9, 2019
CDC Media Statement from CDC Director Robert R. Redfield, M.D., on Launch of the U.S. Global Health Security Strategy

Monday, May 6, 2019
8 Zoonotic Diseases Shared Between Animals and People of Most Concern in the U.S.
The zoonotic diseases of most concern in the U.S. are:
Zoonotic influenza
Salmonellosis
West Nile virus
Plague
Emerging coronaviruses (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome)
Rabies
Brucellosis
Lyme disease

MMWR News Synopsis for Friday, May 10, 2019
Increase in Hepatitis A Virus Infections — United States, 2013–2018
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, hepatitis A cases have increased almost 300 percent in recent years, mostly related to widespread nationwide outbreaks among people reporting drug use or homelessness.
A new CDC analysis finds an alarming increase in hepatitis A virus infections in the United States in recent years. Compared with 2013 – 2015, reports of hepatitis A cases increased almost 300 percent during 2016-2018. While there were two foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis A in 2016 and an increase of cases among men who have sex with men (MSM), widespread outbreaks among people reporting drug use or homelessness in 16 states have overwhelmingly driven the recent surge in cases. For all hepatitis A outbreaks, vaccination is the most effective strategy for halting ongoing transmission and preventing future outbreaks. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine vaccination for adults at increased risk for exposure to hepatitis A, including: MSM, persons who use drugs, and persons who are homeless.

Disparities in Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Black and White Women — United States, 2010–2016
Reducing HIV incidence in black women and their partners by implementing tailored strategies to address social determinants of health and equity is vital to the Department of Health and Human Services goal of ending the HIV epidemic in the U.S. by 2030.
While there has been recent progress decreasing new HIV infections among women, rates among black women remain higher than those among white women. While the 21% decline in new HIV infections among black women from 2010–2016 is encouraging, black women still accounted for 6 in 10 new HIV infections among women in 2016. Using a measure of disparity – population attributable proportion (PAP) – CDC researchers modeled the reductions in new HIV infections that would have occurred if the rate of infections among black women were the same as white women. The PAP decreased from 0.75 (2010) to 0.70 (2016), suggesting HIV infections among black and white women would have been 75% lower in 2010 and 70% lower in 2016 if incidence rates were the same. Additionally, in 2016, 93% of infections among black women would not have occurred. Continued efforts are needed to identify and address social and structural factors to eliminate HIV disparities among women.

Africa CDC [to 11 May 2019]
https://au.int/en/africacdc
May 08, 2019
Social Affairs Commissioner Launches Africa CDC Initiative to Protect Africa
Addis Ababa, 8 May 2019: Her Excellency Amira Elfadil Mohammed Elfadil, Commissioner for Social Affairs at the African Union Commission (AUC), launched a new initiative by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to protect African countries against dangerous pathogens. Nearly 100 government representatives and experts from around the world witnessed the event during the opening ceremony of the 2nd Annual Global Biosecurity Dialogue at the headquarters of the AUC.
“Today, at the opening of the Global Biosecurity Dialogue, I am happy to announce Africa CDC’s initiative to advance biosafety and biosecurity in the continent through a series of regional consultative meetings intended to identify and close priority biosecurity and biosafety capacity gaps and make progress towards measurable improvements,” said the Commissioner. “The implementation of the initiative will require leadership and commitment from the African Union and concerted efforts from all our partners and we hope your support and partnership will continue.”…

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified. Link to National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China not responding at inquiry [11 May 2019]

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 11 May 2019]
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 11 May 2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 11 May 2019]
http://cepi.net/
10 May 2019
ProMED Disease Outbreak Update
By ProMED
Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chikungunya in Central and South America, Africa, Asia and the Indian Ocean.

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 11 May 2019]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/about/
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
News: Working together for safe medicines in the EU
06/05/2019

European Vaccine Initiative [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.

FDA [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
May 8, 2019
Statement from Principal Deputy Commissioner Amy Abernethy, M.D., Ph.D., and Janet Woodcock, M.D., director of FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, on policies designed to capture more data to better understand effects of prescription drugs in pregnant and nursing women

Fondation Merieux [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
No new digest content identified.

Gavi [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
09 May 2019
Inactivated polio vaccine now introduced worldwide
[See Milestones above for detail]

GHIT Fund [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News
Global Fund Partners with PharmAccess to Accelerate Universal Health Coverage in Africa
09 May 2019
The Global Fund today announced a partnership agreement with PharmAccess Foundation to support African countries accelerate progress toward universal health coverage by harnessing digital technology.

News
PMI and Global Fund Support Launch of Senegal-Gambia Cooperation in Fight Against Malaria
05 May 2019
Today, the governments of Senegal and The Gambia officially launched a joint campaign to distribute 11 million mosquito nets to fight malaria. This is the first cooperative effort to synchronize nationwide mass net distribution on both sides of an international border.

Hilleman Laboratories [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 11 May 2019]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
Switzerland
World Red Cross Red Crescent Day: Celebrating “14 million points of hope”
Geneva, 8 May 2019 – On World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day 2019, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is celebrating the nearly 14 million Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers around the world who provide a lif …

IVAC [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
No new digest content identified.

IVI [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
IVI hosts Environmental Impact Assessment Workshop
May 7, 2019

JEE Alliance [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports [as presented on website]
Mozambique
Treating HIV in the cyclone-devastated city of Beira: “We cannot abandon them”
Project Update 9 May 2019

Chad
Measles epidemic declared in May 2018, still not under control one year on
Project Update 8 May 2019
Parts of Chad, including the capital, N’Djamena, and the city of Am Timan, are in the throes of a measles outbreak that has lasted for a year and is rising in intensity.
To help bring it under control, an emergency team from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has carried out a mass vaccination campaign in Am Timan district, protecting 107,000 children against the potentially life-threatening disease…

Central African Republic
“We have not seen any doctors in Mingala for more than two years”
Project Update 7 May 2019

NIH [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
May 9, 2019
NIH awards will advance development of vaccines for sexually transmitted infections
— NIAID announces four new cooperative research centers.

NIH trial evaluates long-acting HIV medication unable to adhere to strict daily regimens
May 9, 2019 — LATITUDE study compares monthly injectable antiretroviral therapy to daily oral drugs.

PATH [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
7 May 2019
UNAIDS and UN Women working together in Malawi

6 May 2019
Out-of-pocket expenses hamper access to HIV services
User fees and other out-of-pocket expenses―defined as direct payments made by people to health-care providers at the time of service use―are a major barrier to people getting tested for HIV, to people living with HIV being treated and to people living with HIV being retained in treatment and care.

UNICEF [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
Nearly 900 children released from armed group in north-east Nigeria
New release brings total number of children released since 2017 to over 1,700

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust [to 11 May 2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Q&A | 10 May 2019
“No matter where you live, our health and the world’s health depend on its most fragile link”
The 2019 Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter Humanitarian Award has been presented to our Director Jeremy Farrar in recognition of his work to improve global public health. Ahead of the award ceremony on 9 May, he spoke to the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID) about his career and the people who have influenced him.

The Wistar Institute [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
No new digest content identified.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/
No new digest content identified.

::::::

BIO [to 11 May 2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
27 May 2019 to 30 May 2019
Advanced workshop: Vaccine Safety Monitoring and Pharmacovigilance
Sao Paulo – Brasil

IFPMA [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.

PhRMA [to 11 May 2019]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.

Industry Watch [to 11 May 2019]
:: Merck Announces Results from Phase 2 Trial of Investigational 15-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (V114) in Infants
V114 Met Primary Endpoint by Demonstrating Noninferiority to PCV13 for all Shared Serotypes, and an Immune Response for Two Additional Serotypes
Data Support Continued Progression of Phase 3 Studies with V114
May 08, 2019 09:00 AM Eastern Daylight Time
KENILWORTH, N.J.– Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced results from a Phase 2 trial (NCT02982972) evaluating the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of V114, the company’s investigational 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, as compared to the currently available 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in healthy infants 6-12 weeks of age. In the study, designated V114-008, V114 met its primary endpoint by demonstrating noninferiority for the 13 serotypes contained in both vaccines. V114 also induced an immune response in infants for two additional disease-causing serotypes, 22F and 33F, which are not contained in PCV13. In January 2019, V114 received a Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by the vaccine serotypes in pediatric patients 6 weeks to 18 years of age. The FDA’s decision was informed in part by immunogenicity data from this Phase 2 study, V114-008, and the Phase 1/2 V114-005 study in healthy adults and infants. Results of the V114-008 study were presented during an oral session at the 37th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID) in Ljubljana, Slovenia, and reinforce continued progression of Phase 3 clinical studies with V114.
“Children under the age of two are at increased risk for pneumococcal infection, which in some cases may lead to serious illnesses like pneumococcal pneumonia,” said Dr. David Greenberg, study investigator and physician in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit of Soroka University Medical Center in Beer-Sheva, Israel. “These Phase 2 data evaluating V114 in infants are encouraging and mark important progress to helping expand protection against pneumococcal disease for this vulnerable patient population.”…

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

BMJ Global Health
May 2019 – Volume 4 – 3
https://gh.bmj.com/content/4/3

Research
How to improve antibiotic awareness campaigns: findings of a WHO global survey (9 May, 2019)
We aimed to examine the characteristics of antibiotic awareness campaigns (AAC) conducted on a national or regional level since 2010.
Benedikt Huttner, Mirko Saam, Lorenzo Moja, Karen Mah, Marc Sprenger, Stephan Harbarth, Nicola Magrini

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research article
Serotype and molecular diversity of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children before and after vaccination with the ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) in Ethiopia
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen, and nasopharyngeal colonization is the first step for transmission and pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases. Ethiopia introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal con…
Authors: Wondewosen Tsegaye Sime, Abraham Aseffa, Yimtubezenash Woldeamanuel, Sarah Brovall, Eva Morfeldt and Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:409
Published on: 10 May 2019

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research article
Patients’ high acceptability of a future therapeutic HIV vaccine in France: a French paradox?
France is the European country with the lowest level of confidence in vaccines. Measurement of patients’ acceptability towards a future therapeutic HIV vaccine is critically important. Thus, the aim of this st…
Authors: Svetlane Dimi, David Zucman, Olivier Chassany, Christophe Lalanne, Thierry Prazuck, Emmanuel Mortier, Catherine Majerholc, Isabelle Aubin-Auger, Pierre Verger and Martin Duracinsky
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:401
Published on: 9 May 2019

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research article
Impact of BCG vaccination on incidence of tuberculosis disease in southern Ireland
Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for TB, yet its efficacy remain…
Authors: Eileen Sweeney, Darren Dahly, Nahed Seddiq, Gerard Corcoran, Mary Horgan and Corinna Sadlier
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:397
Published on: 9 May 2019

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Debate
The notion of free will and its ethical relevance for decision-making capacity
Obtaining informed consent from patients is a moral and legal duty and, thus, a key legitimation for medical treatment. The pivotal prerequisite for valid informed consent is decision-making capacity of the pa…
Authors: Tobias Zürcher, Bernice Elger and Manuel Trachsel
Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:31
Published on: 8 May 2019

BMC Medical Ethics
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmedethics/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Debate
Ethics preparedness: facilitating ethics review during outbreaks – recommendations from an expert panel
Authors: Abha Saxena, Peter Horby, John Amuasi, Nic Aagaard, Johannes Köhler, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki, Emmanuelle Denis, Andreas A. Reis and Raffaella Ravinetto
Citation: BMC Medical Ethics 2019 20:29
Published on: 6 May 2019
Abstract
Background
Ensuring that countries have adequate research capacities is essential for an effective and efficient response to infectious disease outbreaks. The need for ethical principles and values embodied in international research ethics guidelines to be upheld during public health emergencies is widely recognized. Public health officials, researchers and other concerned stakeholders also have to carefully balance time and resources allocated to immediate treatment and control activities, with an approach that integrates research as part of the outbreak response. Under such circumstances, research “ethics preparedness” constitutes an important foundation for an effective response to infectious disease outbreaks and other health emergencies.
Main text
A two-day workshop was convened in March 2018 by the World Health Organisation Global Health Ethics Team and the African coaLition for Epidemic Research, Response and Training, with representatives of National Ethics Committees, to identify practical processes and procedures related to ethics review preparedness. The workshop considered five areas where work might be undertaken to facilitate rapid and sound ethics review: preparing national ethics committees for outbreak response; pre-review of protocols; multi-country review; coordination between national ethics committees and other key stakeholders; data and benefit sharing; and export of samples to third countries.
In this paper, we present the recommendations that resulted from the workshop. In particular, the participants recommended that Ethics Committees would develop a formal national standard operating procedure for emergency response ethical review; that there is a need to clarify the terminology and expectations of pre-review of generic protocols and agree upon specific terminology; that there is a need to explore mechanisms for multi-country emergency ethical consultation, and to establish procedures for communication between national ethics committees and other oversight bodies and public health authorities. In addition, it was suggested that ethics committees should request from researchers, at a minimum, a preliminary data sharing and sample sharing plan that outlines the benefit to the population from which data and samples are to be drawn. This should be followed in due time by a full plan.
Conclusion
It is hoped that the national ethics committees, supported by the WHO, relevant collaborative research consortia and external funding agencies, will work towards bringing these recommendations into practice, for supporting the conduct of effective research during outbreaks.

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Introduction
Ten years of global disease detection and counting: program accomplishments and lessons learned in building global health security
Authors: Joel M. Montgomery, Abbey Woolverton, Sarah Hedges, Dana Pitts, Jessica Alexander, Kashef Ijaz, Fred Angulo, Scott Dowell, Rebecca Katz and Olga Henao
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19(Suppl 3):510
Published on: 10 May 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Opinion
Regional approaches for enhancing global health security
Authors: Rebecca Katz and Claire J. Standley
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19(Suppl 3):473
Published on: 10 May 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research article
The influence of medical providers on HPV vaccination among children of Mexican mothers: a comparison between Mexico and the Midwest region of the United States
Among cervical cancer patients in the U.S., a disproportionate number are Hispanics/Latinos. Also, about a third of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer annually in Mexico die of the disease. Vaccines are a…
Authors: Mariela Bahena, Marcela Carvajal-Suarez, Amr S. Soliman, Jiangtao Luo and Armando De Alba
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:515
Published on: 6 May 2019

BMC Research Notes
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research note
Detection and characterization of polioviruses originating from urban sewage in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon 2016–2017
Transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) have been interrupted in Cameroon since July 2014. Subsequently, Cameroon withdrew Sabin type 2 from routine immunization in Ap…
Authors: Daniel Kamga Njile, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Marie-Claire Endegue-Zanga, Marcellin Nimpa Mengouo, Marlise Dontsop Djoumetio, Franky Baonga Ba Pouth, Ousmane Madiagne Diop and Richard Njouom
Citation: BMC Research Notes 2019 12:248
Published on: 2 May 2019

BMC Research Notes
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/content
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Research note
Detection and characterization of polioviruses originating from urban sewage in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon 2016–2017
Transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs) and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) have been interrupted in Cameroon since July 2014. Subsequently, Cameroon withdrew Sabin type 2 from routine immunization in Ap…
Authors: Daniel Kamga Njile, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Marie-Claire Endegue-Zanga, Marcellin Nimpa Mengouo, Marlise Dontsop Djoumetio, Franky Baonga Ba Pouth, Ousmane Madiagne Diop and Richard Njouom
Citation: BMC Research Notes 2019 12:248
Published on: 2 May 2019

BMJ Open
May 2019 – Volume 9 – 5
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/current
(9 May 2019)

Perceptions of drones, digital adherence monitoring technologies and educational videos for tuberculosis control in remote Madagascar: a mixed-method study protocol
Elysée Nouvet, Astrid M Knoblauch, Ian Passe, Andry Andriamiadanarivo, Manualdo Ravelona, Faniry Ainanomena Ramtariharisoa, Kimmerling Razafimdriana, Patricia C Wright, Jesse McKinney, Peter M Small, Niaina Rakotosamimanana, Simon Grandjean Lapierre

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 24 Nov 2018]

Research
|   7 May 2019
Inclusive engagement for health and development or ‘political theatre’: results from case studies examining mechanisms for country ownership in Global Fund processes in Malawi, Tanzania and Zimbabwe
Authors: Russell Armstrong, Arlette Campbell White, Patrick Chinyamuchiko, Steven Chizimbi, Sarah Hamm Rush and Nana K. Poku

Health Research Policy and Systems
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content
[Accessed 11 May 2019]

Research
|   6 May 2019
Strengthening and measuring research impact in global health: lessons from applying the FAIT framework
To date, efforts to measure impact have largely focused on health research in high-income countries, reflecting where the majority of health research funding is spent. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of health and medical research being undertaken in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), supported by both development aid and established research funders. The Framework to Assess the Impact of Translational health research (FAIT) combines three approaches to measuring research impact (Payback, economic assessment and case study narrative). Its aim is to strengthen the focus on translation and impact measurement in health research. FAIT has been used by several Australian research initiatives; however, it has not been used in LMICs. Our aim was to apply FAIT in an LMIC context and evaluate its utility.
Authors: Rebecca Dodd, Shanthi Ramanathan, Blake Angell, David Peiris, Rohina Joshi, Andrew Searles and Jacqui Webster

Journal of Community Health
Volume 44, Issue 3, June 2019
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/2

Original Paper
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Georgia: Evaluating the Georgia HPV Work Group
Adrian R. King, Tamira Moon, Gena Agnew

Journal of Community Health
Volume 44, Issue 3, June 2019
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/2
Original Paper
Ancillary Benefit of Increased HPV Immunization Rates Following a CBPR Approach to Address Immunization Disparities in Younger Siblings
Tyler Lennon, Constance Gundacker, Melodee Nugent…

Journal of Community Health
Volume 44, Issue 3, June 2019
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/2

Original Paper
Use of community forums to increase knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer in African American communities
Dede Kossiwa Teteh, Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Chartay Robinson… Pa

Journal of Community Health
Volume 44, Issue 3, June 2019
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/2

Original Paper
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Trends, Barriers, and Promotion Methods Among American Indian/Alaska Native and Non-Hispanic White Adolescents in Michigan 2006–2015
Beeta M. Kashani, Melissa Tibbits, Rachel C. Potter…

Original Paper
Use of community forums to increase knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer in African American communities
Dede Kossiwa Teteh, Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Chartay Robinson… Pa

Original Paper
Ancillary Benefit of Increased HPV Immunization Rates Following a CBPR Approach to Address Immunization Disparities in Younger Siblings
Tyler Lennon, Constance Gundacker, Melodee Nugent…

Journal of Pediatrics
May 2019 Volume 208, p1-306
http://www.jpeds.com/current

Medical Progress
Data Science for Child Health
Tellen D. Bennett, Tiffany J. Callahan, James A. Feinstein, Debashis Ghosh, Saquib A. Lakhani, Michael C. Spaeder, Stanley J. Szefler, Michael G. Kahn
p12–22
Published online: January 24, 2019
Data science has revolutionized industry and academic fields including marketing,1 astronomy,2 and computer vision.3 It has not yet impacted medicine and biomedical research to the same degree. However, many observers4-6 believe that data science will improve the ability of health care systems to deliver personalized medicine,7 population health,8 and public health.9

The Lancet
May 11, 2019 Volume 393 Number 10184 p1911-2008
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Viewpoint
On results reporting and evidentiary standards: spotlight on the Global Fund
Rocco Friebel, Rachel Silverman, Amanda Glassman, Kalipso Chalkidou
Examining publicly available documents for 2018, it is our judgment that the Global Fund’s results reporting is insufficiently rigorous to inform the allocation of scarce resources (results reports from previous years are no longer available through the Global Fund website, making it difficult to compare this document to previous iterations). Most obvious is the question of attribution. In its results reporting and communication materials, the Global Fund conflates two ideas about its own nature. First, the Global Fund is presented as a partnership, encompassing every funder, government, non-governmental organisation, implementer, and private actor involved in treating or preventing the three diseases in eligible countries. And second, the Global Fund operates as a standalone funding instrument with an annual budget of roughly $4 billion. The results reporting explicitly takes credit for the accomplishments of the partnership, including bilateral mechanisms like the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the President’s Malaria Initiative, plus domestic government investments. However, the replenishment will advocate for investment in the Global Fund as a funding instrument, attracting resources that could otherwise be channelled elsewhere in the partnership through alternative bilateral or multilateral mechanisms. How can results reporting without direct attribution to the Global Fund as a standalone institution support continued institutional investment? With domestic resources growing faster than development assistance for some priority conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, attribution across all payers—national, international, public, and private—becomes even more difficult to justify…

Lancet Global Health
May 2019 Volume 7Number 5e533-e680
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Editorial
The true meaning of leaving no one behind
The Lancet Global Health

Lancet Global Health
May 2019 Volume 7Number 5e533-e680
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Articles
Sustaining pneumococcal vaccination after transitioning from Gavi support: a modelling and cost-effectiveness study in Kenya
John Ojal, Ulla Griffiths, Laura L Hammitt, Ifedayo Adetifa, Donald Akech, Collins Tabu,
J Anthony G Scott, Stefan Flasche

Lancet Global Health
May 2019 Volume 7Number 5e533-e680
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/issue/current

Articles
Sustaining pneumococcal vaccination after transitioning from Gavi support: a modelling and cost-effectiveness study in Kenya
John Ojal, Ulla Griffiths, Laura L Hammitt, Ifedayo Adetifa, Donald Akech, Collins Tabu,
J Anthony G Scott, Stefan Flasche

Nature
Volume 569 Issue 7755, 9 May 2019
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

World View | 01 May 2019
Don’t let industry write the rules for AI
Technology companies are running a campaign to bend research and regulation for their benefit; society must fight back, says Yochai Benkler.
Yochai Benkler

Nature
Volume 569 Issue 7755, 9 May 2019
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

Comment | 08 May 2019
Reboot ethics governance in China
The shocking announcement of genetically modified babies creates an opportunity to overhaul the nation’s science, argue Ruipeng Lei and colleagues.
Ruipeng Lei, Xiaomei Zhai[…] & Renzong Qiu
… China’s scientists and regulators have been going through a period of soul-searching. We, our colleagues and our government agencies, such as the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Health Commission, have reflected on what the incident says about the culture and regulation of research in China. We’ve also thought about what long-term strategies need to be put in place to strengthen the nation’s governance of science and ethics.
In our view, China is at a crossroads. The government must make substantial changes to protect others from the potential effects of reckless human experimentation. Measures range from closer monitoring of the nation’s hundreds of clinics offering in vitro fertilization (IVF), to incorporating bioethics into education at all levels…

Nature Medicine
Volume 25 Issue 5, May 2019
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/5

Editorial | 08 May 2019
HIV vaccines go to trial
Immune interventions capable of preventing or eradicating HIV infection have yet to achieve broad success in humans. Renewed vigor in the clinical trial arena may bring us closer to that goal.

Nature Medicine
Volume 25 Issue 5, May 2019
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/5

News & Views | 29 April 2019
Understanding long-term effects of Ebola virus disease
Human survivors of Ebola virus disease are more likely than uninfected controls to develop memory loss, uveitis, and other abnormal conditions, and Ebola virus remains in semen much longer than previously thought.
Daniel S. Chertow

Nature Medicine
Volume 25 Issue 5, May 2019
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/5

News & Views | 29 April 2019
Understanding long-term effects of Ebola virus disease
Human survivors of Ebola virus disease are more likely than uninfected controls to develop memory loss, uveitis, and other abnormal conditions, and Ebola virus remains in semen much longer than previously thought.
Daniel S. Chertow

Nature Medicine
Volume 25 Issue 5, May 2019
https://www.nature.com/nm/volumes/25/issues/5

Article | 08 May 2019
A longitudinal big data approach for precision health
Personalized omics profiling can lead to actionable health discoveries and stimulate lifestyle changes.
Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose, Kévin Contrepois[…] & Michael P. Snyder

New England Journal of Medicine
May 9, 2019 Vol. 380 No. 19
http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/medical-journal

Perspective
Stopping the Gaps in Epidemic Preparedness
Jeremy J. Farrar, M.D., Ph.D.
Several life-threatening viruses have been identified for the first time in the 21st century, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. An association between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly came to light only in 2015. Once seemingly confined by public health measures to sporadic episodes in rural areas, Ebola virus disease broke free in 2014, reaching urban centers and killing more than 11,000 people. Like all epidemics, it drew resources away from other critical health care needs and left a legacy of distrust and disconnection.
The World Health Organization (WHO), in conjunction with global experts, has drawn up a list of nine known infectious diseases and one unknown (Disease X) in a “Blueprint” for research and development (see box).1 These infections have the potential to cause public health emergencies, and we lack the tools to diagnose, treat, or prevent them. The world is therefore particularly vulnerable to these infections, and yet they’ve been neglected in research and development…

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
http://www.plosntds.org/
(Accessed 11 May 2019)

Viewpoints
Pediatric tropical medicine: The neglected diseases of children
Peter J. Hotez, Audrey R. Odom John, A. Desiree LaBeaud
| published 09 May 2019 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007008
Introduction
New information released by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the National Resident Matching Program shows continued declines in interest in pediatric infectious diseases as a career, highlighting that we risk losing a generation of trained experts in pediatric infectious and tropical diseases. The loss paradoxically coincides with updated estimates revealing the disproportionate global health impact of tropical infectious diseases on children. Our objective is to highlight several ominous trends, including our findings that (1) the pediatric tropical disease burdens are huge and do not appear to be declining and (2) fewer trainees are entering the field. Included here are are some key suggestions to address these concerns…