Nature Reviews Immunology
Volume 19 Issue 9, September 2019
https://www.nature.com/nri/volumes/19/issues/9

Review Article | 21 May 2019
Moving tuberculosis vaccines from theory to practice
V accine trials against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are showing encouraging results. This Review discusses current Mtb vaccine design in the light of new insights into the immunology of tuberculosis infection.
Peter Andersen  & Thomas J. Scriba

Social Science & Medicine
Volume 236 September 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/social-science-and-medicine/vol/236/suppl/C

Review article Abstract only
Social capital and physical health: An updated review of the literature for 2007–2018
Justin Rodgers, Anna V. Valuev, Yulin Hswen, S.V. Subramanian
Article 112360

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Conference info Open access
The art of partnerships for vaccines
Sonia Pagliusi, Yanchun Che, Shaozhong Dong
Pages 5909-5919

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Commentary
Discussion Abstract only
Broadening the perspective on gender equity in immunization: The unique contributions of Human Papillomavirus vaccination
Marta Feletto, Alyssa B. Sharkey
Pages 5920-5922

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Review article Abstract only
Pharmacist role in vaccination: Evidence and challenges
Arjun Poudel, Esther T.L. Lau, Megan Deldot, Chris Campbell, … Lisa M. Nissen
Pages 5939-5945

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Review article Abstract only
Cost-benefit analysis of a national influenza vaccination program in preventing hospitalisation costs in Australian adults aged 50–64 years old
Suresh Mahendra Raj, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Anurag Sharma, Timothy C. Tan, C. Raina MacIntyre
Pages 5979-5985

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Review article Abstract only
The mad leading the blind: Perceptions of the vaccine-refusal movement among Australians who support vaccination
T. Rozbroj, A. Lyons, J. Lucke
Pages 5986-5993

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Review article Abstract only
Timeliness of rotavirus vaccination at sentinel sites in four early-adopter African countries
Talia Pindyck, Jacqueline E. Tate, Isidore Juste O. Bonkoungou, George Armah, … Umesh Parashar
Pages 6002-6007

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 40 Pages 5909-6016 (20 September 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/40

Review article Abstract only
Trust in vaccines and medicines in Uganda
Daniel R. Evans, Tatenda T. Yemeke, Elizabeth E. Kiracho, Aloysius Mutebi, … Sachiko Ozawa
Pages 6008-6015

Vaccines — Open Access Journal
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines
(Accessed 14 Sep 2019)

Open Access Review
The Cellular Immune Response to Rabies Vaccination: A Systematic Review
by Lisanne A. Overduin, Jacques J.M. van Dongen and Leonardus G. Visser
Vaccines 2019, 7(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030110 – 11 Sep 2019
Abstract
The effectiveness of rabies vaccines is conventionally determined by serological testing. In addition to this assessment of humoral immunity, cellular immunity could help assess effectiveness and protection through a broad range of parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review all literature on the kinetics and composition of the cellular immune response to rabies vaccination in humans. A total of 1360 studies were identified in an extensive literature search. Twenty studies were selected for inclusion. In a primary response, plasma cells are detectable from day 7 to day 14, peaking at day 10. Memory B-cells appear from day 10 up to at least day 28. After revaccination, natural killer (NK) cells are the first detectable cellular parameters. Further research is required to assess cellular parameters in relation to long-term (serological) immunity. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42019134416.

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Journal of Adolescent Health
Available online 9 September 2019
In Press, Corrected Proof
Original article
Declines in vaccine-type human papillomavirus prevalence in females across racial/ethnic groups: data from a national survey
NM McClung, RM Lewis, JW Gargano, T Querec…
Conclusions
Within 10 years of vaccine introduction, 4vHPV-type prevalence declined 86% among 14- to 19-year-olds, with declines observed in NHW, NHB, and MA females, and 71% among 20- to 24-year-olds, with declines in NHW and NHB females. These extraordinary declines should lead to substantial reductions in HPV-associated cancers.

Eurosurveillance
Volume 24, Issue 36, 05/ Sep/2019
Research Open Access
Promoting vaccination in maternity wards ─ motivational interview technique reduces hesitancy and enhances intention to vaccinate, results from a multicentre non-controlled pre- and post-intervention RCT-nested study, Quebec, March 2014 to February 2015
A Gagneur, MC Battista, FD Boucher, B Tapiero… –

Journal of Cancer Education
First Online: 07 September 2019
Article
Rural Caregivers’ Willingness for Community Pharmacists to Administer the HPV Vaccine to Their Age-Eligible Children
AM Koskan, LN Dominick, DL Helitzer –
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake varies by geographic regions with rural, often medically underserved areas, lagging behind more urban regions in terms of vaccine initiation and completion. In these regions, pharmacies may serve as an additional location for HPV vaccine administration. Little is known about rural caregivers’ willingness to have their HPV vaccine age-eligible children obtain this vaccine from their local pharmacist. First and second authors conducted 26 in-depth interviews with caregivers of HPV vaccine age-eligible children living in rural regions of a southwestern state to explore their perceptions of the HPV vaccine and their willingness for pharmacist-administered HPV vaccination. They analyzed interview data using an inductive qualitative content analyses approach. The majority of caregivers were unaware that pharmacists could offer adolescent vaccines. However, most were willing to allow their children to receive the vaccine from this non-traditional source. Comments related to obtaining vaccinations from pharmacists related mostly to concerns about proper training and their certification to vaccinate against HPV. Caregivers believed that having a pharmacist administer the HPV vaccine would not affect their relationship with their primary care provider. Caregivers preferred print health education resources and were interested in also receiving health information via social media to learn more about the HPV vaccine and pharmacists’ role in HPV vaccine administration. Pharmacies may serve as an additional site to increase HPV vaccine initiation and completion. Rural regions need additional health information about the HPV vaccine and pharmacists’ abilities to administer this cancer prevention resource.

Media/Policy Watch
This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.
We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
Malaria vaccine in Kenya – a potential game-changer
13 Sep 2019
The world’s first malaria vaccine is being rolled out in parts of Kenya from Friday, after previously being released in Ghana and Malawi.
It will be added to the routine vaccination schedule, and more than 300,000 children are expected to receive the vaccine over the next three years.
Malaria kills more than 400,000 people globally each year – mostly children – making this vaccine a potential game-changer, as Global Health Correspondent Tulip Mazumdar reports.

The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
Global health
Hundreds of children die in Philippine dengue epidemic as local action urged
Health ministry calls for greater efforts to deal with mosquito-borne disease at village level as death toll reaches four figures…
The government fears cases could rise further as the country enters typhoon season.
Following a national ban on a controversial vaccine blamed for children’s deaths, cases of dengue fever in the Philippines have more than doubled compared with figures for the same period last year.
The Department for Health has recorded 249,332 cases since the start of the year, dwarfing the 119,224 cases recorded in 2018. The figures are the highest since 2012.
The government is considering appeals to lift its ban on Dengvaxia, a drug developed by French pharmaceutical firm Sanofi Pasteur that remains the only vaccine available against dengue. However, many remain cautious due to claims that improper use in the country had led to children’s deaths. The World Health Organization issued a conditional recommendation for the vaccine in areas where dengue is highly endemic…

Protesters shut down California’s legislature as bills tighten vaccine bills
4 days ago … Activists shut down both chambers of the California state legislature with protests and chanting against a set of bills seeking to tighten school ..

New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
New York
How Far Would You Go to Avoid Vaccinating Your Child?
In New York, as new immunization laws take effect, there has been a surge in parents home schooling their children.
By Ginia Bellafante

Health
Lasker Awards Honor Advances in Modern Immunology
The prizes recognized the discoverers of B and T lymphocytes, pioneers in genetic engineering to fight breast cancer, and a nonprofit that helps get vaccines to the world’s poorest children.
Sept. 10 By Knvul SheikhU.S.

U.S.
California Governor Signs Vaccine Bills He Demanded
California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed bills Monday to crack down on doctors who write fraudulent medical exemptions for school children’s vaccinations.
Sept. 9 By The Associated Press

Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
Health
California’s governor signed a pro-vaccine bill into law this week. Then the protests got weird.
By Marisa Iati
September 14 at 4:05 PM
Anti-vaccine activists in California area heatedly protesting new limits on medical exemptions to vaccine requirements days after the bill was finalized amid a nationwide crisis of confidence in the life-saving procedure.
First, protesters blocked the entrance to the state capitol Monday and repeatedly shut down the legislature with their demonstrations as Gov. Gavin Newsom (D) signed the bill, the San Francisco Chronicle reported.
Then, a candlelight vigil Wednesday for children allegedly harmed or killed by vaccines included a photo of Ethan Lindenberger, who was vaccinated against his parents’ wishes and has testified before Congress. Jonathan Lockwood, executive director of the anti-vaccine group Conscience Coalition, which organized the vigil, did not immediately respond to a question about why the photo was used.
The state legislative session closed Friday with a dramatic display from the gallery: A woman threw “a feminine hygiene device containing what appeared to be blood” at the senators from a balcony, the California Highway Patrol said…

Think Tanks et al

Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
Future Development
Are the multilaterals ready to act on pandemic prevention and other global public goods?
Kaci Kennedy McDade and Gavin Yamey
Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Center for Global Development
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
September 12, 2019
Reflections on 15 Years of “Market Shaping”: The Case of the Pentavalent Vaccine
Over the past two decades, several global health institutions have attempted to improve public health by influencing the characteristics of health product markets, including pricing, quality, overall production, and the supplier and product landscapes. We examine the role of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance in market shaping.
Rachel Silverman

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
Commentary
The Ebola Virus Is Winning in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
September 12, 2019 | By J. Stephen Morrison
Hard barriers to access lie at the very heart of the agonizing struggle by international and Congolese responders to contain and ultimately arrest the Ebola outbreak in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As of early September 2019, there have been over 3,000 cases and 2,000 deaths. Foremost among the barriers to access are insecurity and chaos, which gravely and consistently thwart access to the hot zone, in effect providing shelter for the virus.
Four other forces contribute profoundly to creating an environment in which it has not been possible to confront and circumnavigate DRC’s insecurity and chaos in order to carry out the public health actions essential to end the Ebola outbreak. These compounding factors include DRC’s dysfunctional governance, the absence of high-level major power engagement, the overload created by DRC’s high number of infectious disease outbreaks amid a roiling humanitarian crisis, and the flawed implementation and management of an underfinanced international response…

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new relevant content]

Kaiser Family Foundation
https://www.kff.org/search/?post_type=press-release
Accessed 14 Sep 2019
[No new relevant content]

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

Statement by WHO Director-General on Facebook and Instagram
4 September 2019
Statement Geneva
The World Health Organization welcomes the commitment by Facebook to ensure that users find facts about vaccines across Instagram, Facebook Search, Groups, Pages and forums where people seek out information and advice.

Facebook will direct millions of its users to WHO’s accurate and reliable vaccine information in several languages, to ensure that vital health messages reach people who need them the most.
The World Health Organization and Facebook have been in discussions for several months to ensure people can access authoritative information on vaccines and reduce the spread of inaccuracies.

Vaccine misinformation is a major threat to global health that could reverse decades of progress made in tackling preventable diseases.

Many debilitating and deadly diseases can be effectively prevented by vaccines. Think measles, diphtheria, hepatitis, polio, cholera, yellow fever, influenza…

Major digital organizations have a responsibility to their users — to ensure that they can access facts about vaccines and health. It would be great to see social and search platforms come together to leverage their combined reach.

We want digital actors doing more to make it known around the world that #VaccinesWork.

We want innovation that supports healthy behaviours to save lives and protect the vulnerable. So many children whose parents fully support vaccination currently lack access to these life-saving tools.

These online efforts must be matched by tangible steps by governments and the health sector to promote trust in vaccination and respond to the needs and concerns of parents.

Let’s not miss more opportunities to prevent the spread of some of the world’s deadliest diseases. #healthforall

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) – Investment case 2019-2023
September 2019 :: 48 pages
Executive Summary
[Excerpt; Editor’s text bolding]
…The Polio Endgame Strategy 2019–2023
The purpose of the Polio Endgame Strategy 2019–2023 is to achieve eradication of all polioviruses. Key to the success of the programme is the continued use of proven strategies, such as the surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis, environmental surveillance and supplementary immunization activities.

To meet the final challenges, the new strategy leverages the GPEI’s systematic collaboration with other health and humanitarian programmes. This model of collaboration will enable the GPEI and its partners to identify potential synergies, share information for action, increase capacity and more fully meet the health and humanitarian needs of communities. As a key example of this, the CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, joined the Polio Oversight Board (POB) in March 2019. Gavi’s commitment to bringing together public and private sectors in support of global health equity makes them an ideal partner for strengthening immunization systems and sustaining health gains achieved through the eradication effort.

The GPEI is also working with development agencies and nongovernmental organizations to explore how projects in complementary essential service sectors – such as water, sanitation and hygiene, nutrition, education and primary health care – can be prioritized to meet the basic needs of communities who are also at high risk of polio. As the basic needs of underserved and impoverished children and families are increasingly met, communities will be more likely to welcome the polio vaccine and other health interventions delivered through the GPEI and its partners.

GPEI budgetary requirements
In September 2018, the POB approved a multiyear budget that defines the resource requirements of the GPEI from 2019 to 2023. The total cost is US$ 4.2 billion, including US$ 3.27 billion in incremental costs beyond what has already been secured for 2013–2019. The new budget makes investments to sustain and intensify key interventions, with costs reducing incrementally over time to reflect anticipated programmatic progress. This will specify target reductions to contain costs.

Without the additional US$ 3.27 billion, the GPEI cannot proceed with all of the requirements to ensure that it is in the best possible position to eradicate polio. Polio activities that protect non-endemic countries from international spread will be immediately at risk without donor backing. Support to countries that are at higher risk of an outbreak could also see cuts if financial commitments are not secured. While the programme is equipped to make tough decisions by prioritizing essential activities in endemic countries, its capacity to protect children around the world from a debilitating and deadly disease could be severely impacted without donor funding.

The GPEI’s value for money
Substantiating the impact of investing in polio eradication, recent modelling attests that eradicating polio will generate US$ 14 billion in expected cumulative cost savings by 2050, when compared with the cost countries will incur for controlling the virus indefinitely. In financial terms, the global effort to eradicate polio has already saved more than US$ 27 billion in health costs since 1988.

Investing in polio eradication is both an entry point and a foundation for investing in broad global health interventions, many of which support the Sustainable Development Goals – most notably universal health coverage and its protection against medical impoverishment through equitable access to safe, affordable, and effective vaccines.

Through its expansive network of community-based workers and volunteers, the GPEI operates in parts of the world that have been previously unreached by health interventions, which is a unique asset for health service delivery. Female frontline workers have been especially effective at establishing trust with affected communities. The GPEI has also been uniquely placed to deliver more than polio vaccines, including through the delivery of vitamin A, antimalarial bednets, and deworming tablets, and through its on-the-ground support for epidemics and humanitarian crises, notably the Ebola outbreak.

The power of vaccines
Eradicating polio will be an achievement that should not be underestimated, but the political will to ensure that efforts continue is also not a given. Bold financial and political commitments from both governments and institutional donors are needed to rid the world of this disease. Ultimately, those efforts will not only protect future children from polio, they will also ensure that the world remains polio-free and that the resources and infrastructure built by the GPEI can be transferred to support other health needs.

Now, as the world faces unforeseen threats to hard-won progress from the spread of misinformation and the rise of vaccine hesitancy, the GPEI presents a unique opportunity. By reaching this historic goal, polio eradication will send a strong message. It will provide both irrefutable evidence of the transformative power of vaccines and proof of what the world can achieve by joining efforts in support of the global good.

Milestones :: Perspectives :: Research

Statement
IFPMA calls for regulatory convergence to speed up development of much needed vaccines
GENEVA, 2 September 2019 – Today, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) launched a new report titled ‘Complex Journey of a Vaccine: The Steps behind Developing a New Vaccine’.

The report highlights three major factors that contribute to the lengthy development process of a novel vaccine, and highlights the challenges that manufacturers face when submitting Clinical Trial Applications (CTA):
:: Absence of clear regulations or guidance available that describe the requirements for clinical trials and genetically modified organisms ahead of submission. There is often no possibility to discuss with the regulatory authorities beforehand for a better mutual understanding of the process / product. This implies unnecessary waiting periods to respond to queries which could have been handled in the initial application phase, resulting in a waste of resources – both on the manufacturer and regulatory authority side.

:: Lack of a global standard with regards to both the dossier content and its format, with some countries introducing country-specific and unique requirements. In some instances, CTA applications are in a harmonized format, while in other instances country specific formats are applicable. Some countries and regions require electronic submissions, whereas others request paper submissions. This can lead to many different dossiers for a single study, adding to the complexity to run multinational clinical trials.

:: Unpredictability of review timelines by countries: clinical trial approvals can take from 30 days to several months or even years.

The existence of divergent regulatory requirements across the world significantly slows down the manufacturers’ ability to timely deliver products which have the potential to protect people from devastating infectious diseases where no other prevention or treatment options exist. As vaccines are typically targeting healthy people, it is paramount to rigorously test the safety, efficacy and quality of vaccines. To speed up, there is a need to inject a dose of efficiency and predictability in the regulatory processes.

It is estimated that inefficient CTA and (non-harmonized) GMO processes can negatively impact the possibility to license new products by more than three years.

The Complex Journey of a Vaccine report provides 8 key recommendations on what can be done to speed up innovative vaccine development. Convergence towards common global standards for CTA requirements, reliance and ultimately, mutual recognition of CTA approvals, will result in enabling a robust and timely development of much needed vaccines.

Emergencies

Ebola – DRC+
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

No regular weekly updates identified.

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Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP announces receipt of Breakthrough Therapy designation from FDA for mAb114
MIAMI, Sept. 6, 2019 /PRNewswire/ — Ridgeback Biotherapeutics LP, a closely held biotechnology company, today announced that the Food and Drug Administration has recently granted mAb114, an experimental treatment for Ebola, Breakthrough Therapy designation…

“The FDA’s decision to grant mAb114 Breakthrough Therapy designation for the treatment of Ebola reflects a recognition of the promising efficacy and safety data that has been collected to date for this investigational drug.  We plan to work closely with the FDA as we continue to advance our development program for mAb114.  The substantial survival improvement seen with mAb114 in the PALM trial catalyzed this important regulatory milestone.  We are grateful to our PALM partners for all of their help in advancing treatments for Ebola patients and our ultimate gratitude goes to the study’s participants and their families.  Their trust and support will change the course of this disease,” said Wendy Holman, CEO of Ridgeback Biotherapeutics.

About Pamoja Tulinde Maisha (PALM):
The PALM study is co-sponsored and funded by the INRB (Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the US National Institutes of Health and carried out by an international research consortium coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO).  The Ebola treatment centers in the PALM trial have been overseen by staff from the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB); the DRC Ministry of Health; and three medical humanitarian organizations:  the Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), the International Medical Corps (IMC), and Médicins Sans Frontières (MSF). 

About mAb114:
mAb114 is a monoclonal antibody — a protein that binds to a single target on a pathogen — isolated from a human survivor of the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, a city in the DRC…

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POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

Polio this week as of 28 August 2019
:: The Technical Advisory Group on Polio Eradication in Pakistan met on 29 – 30 August to discuss the challenges faced by the programme and propose recommendations for transforming key aspects in the programme strategy for polio eradication.
:: An Investment case has been launched in order to ensure the GPEI’s funding requirements are fully financed until eradication and certification.
[See Milestones above for detail]
:: The August Polio News with the latest news, polio in numbers and funding updates is now available.

Summary of new viruses this week:
:: Afghanistan — two wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases,
:: Myanmar – one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1) case,
:: Angola – two circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases,
:: Ethiopia – one cVDPV2 case;
:: Democratic Republic of the Congo – six (cVDPV2 cases).

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Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies [to 7 Sep2019]

Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Local vaccinators build trust in Beni, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2 September 2019 Vaccination team 29 is composed entirely of Congolese health workers

Syrian Arab Republic
:: WHO statement on attacks against health care in north-west Syria 2 September 2019

Nigeria – No new digest announcements identified
Mozambique floods – No new digest announcements identified
Somalia – No new digest announcements identified
South Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO Grade 2 Emergencies [to 7 Sep2019]

Cameroon – No new digest announcements identified
Libya – No new digest announcements identified
MERS-CoV
:: WHO statement on the tenth meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee regarding MERS
3 September 2015

Afghanistan – No new digest announcements identified
Angola – No new digest announcements identified
Burkina Faso [in French] – No new digest announcements identified
Burundi – No new digest announcements identified
Central African Republic – No new digest announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new digest announcements identified
HIV in Pakistan – No new digest announcements identified
Iran floods 2019 – No new digest announcements identified
Iraq – No new digest announcements identified
Malawi floods – No new digest announcements identified
Measles in Europe – No new digest announcements identified
Myanmar – No new digest announcements identified
Niger – No new digest announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new digest announcements identified
Sudan – No new digest announcements identified
Ukraine – No new digest announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new digest announcements identified

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies [to 7 Sep2019]

Chad – No new digest announcements identified
Djibouti – No new digest announcements identified
Kenya – No new digest announcements identified
Mali – No new digest announcements identified
Namibia – viral hepatitis – No new digest announcements identified
Tanzania – No new digest announcements identified

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::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Syrian Arab Republic
:: Syrian Arab Republic: Recent Developments in Northwestern Syria Situation Report No. 11 – as of 6 September 2019

Yemen – No new digest announcements identified

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UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
Editor’s Note:
Ebola in the DRC has bene added as a OCHA “Corporate Emergency” this week:
CYCLONE IDAI and Kenneth – No new digest announcements identified
EBOLA OUTBREAK IN THE DRC – No new digest announcements identified

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WHO & Regional Offices [to 7 Sep2019]
News release
Accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer
New Delhi, 6 September 2019: World Health Organization urged countries in its South-East Asia Region to accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer by 2030.
“Countries need to expand vaccination, screening, detection and treatment services for everyone, everywhere to address the growing problem of cervical cancer,” said Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director WHO South-East Asia, at the Seventy Second Session of WHO Regional Committee here in Delhi…

Statement
4 September 2019
Vaccine Misinformation: Statement by WHO Director-General on Facebook and Instagram
[See Milestones/Perspective above for detail]

Statement
3 September 2019
WHO Director-General calls on world leaders to support Universal Health Coverage high-level meeting

News release
WHO statement on attacks against health care in north-west Syria
Cairo, 2 September 2019 – WHO is gravely concerned about reported attacks on 7 health care facilities in the north west of Syria from 28 to 30 August 2019. Attacks on 4 facilities have been verified according to WHO reporting standards, and 3 are in process of verification.
The facilities include 4 hospitals and 2 primary health care centres that were functional at the time they were hit…

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Research
Essential Nutrition Actions: mainstreaming nutrition throughout the life course
World Health Organization
2019 :: 191 pages
PDF: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326261/9789241515856-eng.pdf?ua=1
Overview
Primary health care is the foundation of universal health coverage; it is a whole-of-society approach to health and well-being, centred on the needs and preferences of individuals, families and communities. Nutrition is a foundation for health and well-being for all, leaving no one behind, and a critical component of primary health care, through its promotion and prevention, addressing its determinants, and a people-centred approach.

Healthier populations are achieved through multisectoral actions that are not limited to health systems alone, though often using the stewardship, advocacy and regulatory functions of health ministries. Optimal nutrition for individual health and development bridges interventions by health systems to improve the health of populations.

Interventions addressing health through the life-course (covering women, men, infants, children, adolescents and older persons) contribute to the delivery of integrated primary health care. A life-course approach is critical to operationalize the worldwide commitment to people-centred primary health care.

This publication’s primary purpose is to provide a compilation of actions to address malnutrition in all its forms, in a concise and user-friendly format to help in decision-making processes for integration of nutrition interventions in national health policies, strategies, and plans based on country-specific needs and global priorities.

::::::

WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
:: WHO and partners to help the Government [DRC] boost health facility defences against Ebola… 06 September 2019
:: Eritrea success story in the areas of HIV, TB and Malaria programs 05 September 2019
:: Ebola simulation drills in Tanzania trade worry for calm at border entry points 05 September 2019
:: Searching for polio in unusual places in Tanzania 05 September 2019
:: Addressing unmet health needs of conflict-affected IDPs in North-east Nigeria 03 September 2019

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
:: PAHO Supports Bahamas Response with Emergency Medical Teams (09/06/2019)
:: Bahamas Health Officials Respond to Hurricane Dorian with PAHO’s support (09/03/2019)

WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
:: Accelerate efforts to eliminate cervical cancer: WHO SEAR/PR/1720 6 September 2019

WHO European Region EURO
:: Preventable trauma in childhood costs north America and Europe US$ 1.3 trillion a year 04-09-2019
:: In Europe, people continue to consume more alcohol than in any other place in the world 04-09-2019

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: Strengthening universal health coverage in the occupied Palestinian territory
4 September 2019

WHO Western Pacific Region
No new digest content identified.

CDC/ACIP [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
Latest News
No new digest content identified.

Africa CDC [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.africacdc.org/
News
No new digest content identified.

China CDC
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
No new digest content identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhc.gov.cn/
Selected Updates and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

Announcements

Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group [to 7 Sep2019]
https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/news-press/
News
No new digest content identified.

BMGF – Gates Foundation [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.

Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.

CARB-X [to 7 Sep2019]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
09.03.2019  |
CARB-X Strengthens Leadership Team with Appointment of Erin Duffy as Chief of Research and Development (R&D)
CARB-X, a global partnership led by Boston University, today announced the appointment of Erin Duffy, PhD, as Chief of Research and Development (R&D). Dr. Duffy will be responsible for the delivery of CARB-X’s global portfolio objectives through her leadership of the R&D alliance teams and the management and governance of CARB-X’s portfolio and funding cycles. Dr. Duffy will join CARB-X’s senior executive team and also sit on CARB-X’s governing body, the Joint Oversight Committee (JOC).

09.03.2019  |
CARB-X funds SutroVax to develop a new vaccine to prevent Group A Streptococcal infections
CARB-X, a global partnership led by Boston University, is awarding SutroVax of Foster City, California, USA, up to $1.64 million in non-dilutive funding with the possibility of $13.4 million more if certain project milestones are met, to develop an innovative vaccine to prevent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in developing countries and in the developed world.

CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [to 7 Sep2019]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.

Clinton Health Access Initiative, Inc. (CHAI) [to 7 Sep2019]
https://clintonhealthaccess.org/about/
News & Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

EDCTP [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

Emory Vaccine Center [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.

European Medicines Agency [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
News: Meeting highlights from the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) 2-5 September 2019
PRAC, Last updated: 06/09/2019

European Vaccine Initiative [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
Latest news
EVI Annual Report 2018
04 September 2019
We invite you to read more about how we advanced the development of urgently needed vaccines and other activites we undertook…

First call for expression of interest for the SENET Expert Groups
03 September 2019
Join the SENET project´s Group Meetings and have a say within the health research and innovation landscape between the EU and…

FDA [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
No new digest content identified.

Fondation Merieux [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
September 5, 2019 – Laos
The Center of Infectiology Lao Christophe Mérieux, first laboratory in Laos to obtain accreditation for two ISO standards
The Center of Infectiology Lao Christophe Mérieux in Vientiane, Laos, receives accreditation for ISO 15189:2012 and ISO 15190:2003 standards for HIV viral load testing.

Gavi [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.gavi.org/
Latest news
No new digest content identified.

GHIT Fund [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.

Global Fund [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/
News
India Makes Strong Commitment to Global Fund
03 September 2019
NEW DELHI – The Government of India today announced an increased commitment of US$22 million to the Global Fund for the next three years, highlighting India’s leadership in global efforts to end AIDS, TB and malaria as epidemics and to build stronger health systems…

News
Global Fund Joins Last Mile Health and Co-Impact to Boost Investment in Community Health Workers
03 September 2019

Updates
Focus On Private Sector Partnerships
02 September 2019
… Our new publication series, Focus On Private Sector Partnerships, highlights the contributions of companies from diverse sectors to step up the fight to end AIDS, TB and malaria by 2030…

Hilleman Laboratories [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.

Human Vaccines Project [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

IAVI [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA)
http://www.icmra.info/drupal/en/news
Statements and Press Releases
No new digest content identified.

IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.

IFRC [to 7 Sep2019]
http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/news/press-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
No new digest content identified.

IVAC [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
Updates
No new digest content identified.

IVI [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.ivi.int/
Selected IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.

JEE Alliance [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
Selected News and Events
No new digest content identified.

MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports
Antibiotic resistance
Treating resistant infections in Gaza under the blockade
Project Update 2 Sep 2019

NIH [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
Selected News Releases
Disrupting the gut microbiome may affect some immune responses to flu vaccination
September 6, 2019 — Researchers tracked the study participants’ immune response to flu vaccines and the diversity and abundance of the organisms in their gut microbiomes.

PATH [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
September 4, 2019 by PATH
Private-sector engagement in Vietnam’s HIV response: Leveraging strategic partnerships and innovation to end AIDS by 2030
The Ministry of Health and USAID/PATH Healthy Markets host workshop entitled Private-Sector Engagement in Vietnam’s HIV Response to discuss progress, key enablers, and challenges; and to define direction for the “Ending AIDS by 2030” Strategy

ProMED [Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases] [to 7 Sep2019]
International Society for Infectious Diseases
https://www.promedmail.org/announcements/
Selected Announcements/Posts
No new digest content identified.

Sabin Vaccine Institute [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.

UNAIDS [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
No new digest content identified.

UNICEF [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Statements, Press Releases, Reports
Press release
Children return to school in Ebola-affected regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
KINSHASA/DAKAR/GENEVA/NEW YORK, 3 September 2019—Schools have reopened for an estimated two million children living in communities affected by the Ebola outbreak in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
“Ebola has had a devastating and disruptive impact on families and communities here,” said UNICEF Representative in the DRC Edouard Beigbeder. “Ensuring that these children have access to safe, protective and welcoming schools is key to helping them regain normalcy and continue their learning.”
There are 6,509 primary and secondary schools in Ebola-affected areas of Ituri, North Kivu and South Kivu Provinces – 3,800 of them are in high-risk areas.  Most have reopened for the new school term…

Vaccination Acceptance Research Network (VARN) [to 7 Sep2019]
https://vaccineacceptance.org/news.html#header1-2r
No new digest content identified.

Vaccine Confidence Project [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
Posted on 1 Sep, 2019
Article of the week
Excellent perspectives on vaccine safety and strategies to engage publics – HL Key Actions To Promote Vaccine Acceptance By Walter A. Orenstein, MD, associate director at Emory Vaccine Center and professor of medicine, pediatrics, and global health at Emory University.

Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.

Wellcome Trust [to 7 Sep2019]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
Opinion | 5 September 2019
Trust, identity and health in a changing world

Simon Chaplin, Director of Culture and Society, Wellcome
What does it mean to be human? A new permanent gallery at Wellcome Collection opens today to explore what being human means in the 21st century. The artworks and objects reflect our changing relationships with ourselves, each other and the world.

The Wistar Institute [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
Press Release Sep. 6, 2019
Role of Cancer Protein ARID1A at the Intersection of Genome Stability and Tumor Suppression
Inactivation of ARID1A results in loss of telomere cohesion and selects against gross chromosome alterations, preserving genomic stability in ARID1A-mutated cancers.

World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/
No new digest content identified.

::::::

ARM [Alliance for Regenerative Medicine] [to 7 Sep2019]
https://alliancerm.org/press-releases/
Press Releases
The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine Releases Statement of Principles on Genome Editing
WaSHINGTON, D.C. – August 27, 2019
The Alliance for Regenerative Medicine (ARM), the international advocacy organization representing the cell and gene therapy and broader regenerative medicine sector, today released a Therapeutic Developers’ Statement of Principles, setting forth a bioethical framework for the use of gene editing in therapeutic applications.
The statement, developed by ARM’s Gene Editing Task Force and signed by 13 therapeutic developers using gene editing technologies, specifies five key principles for the ethical use of gene editing and genetic modification. This technology, in which DNA is inserted, replaced, removed, or modified at particular locations in the human genome, has the potential to provide a durable or curative effect for patients suffering from a wide variety of serious or potentially fatal genetic disorders. The Statement of Principles has been developed to provide a public perspective from industry on the use these technologies…

BIO [to 7 Sep2019]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
No new digest content identified.

DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
Events
DCVMN 20th Annual General Meeting
21 October 2019 to 23 October 2019
Rio de Janeiro / Brazil

IFPMA [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
Selected Press Releases, Statements, Publications
Statements
IFPMA calls for regulatory convergence to speed up development of much needed vaccines
30 August 2019
[See Milestones/Perspectives above for full text]

PhRMA [to 7 Sep2019]
http://www.phrma.org/
Selected Press Releases, Statements
[Website not responding at inquiry]

Journal Watch
Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focu-s on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.
If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

BMC Health Services Research
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmchealthservres/content
(Accessed 7 Sep2019)

Research article
Influenza and pertussis vaccination during pregnancy – attitudes, practices and barriers in gynaecological practices in Germany
In Germany, antenatal influenza vaccination is recommended since 2010, but uptake remains low. Several countries recently introduced antenatal pertussis vaccination, which is currently under consideration in G…
Authors: Stefanie Böhm, Marianne Röbl-Mathieu, Burkhard Scheele, Michael Wojcinski, Ole Wichmann and Wiebke Hellenbrand
Citation: BMC Health Services Research 2019 19:616
Published on: 2 September 2019

BMC Infectious Diseases
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content
(Accessed 7 Sep2019)

Research article
Measles outbreak in an office building in the crowded Metropolis of Beijing, China
Although worldwide measles elimination achieved great progress for decades, outbreaks were still reported in certain countries. This study describes the epidemiologic features of a substantial measles outbreak…
Authors: Zhen Li, Zheng Zhang, Fang Wang, Rui Wei, Jianhong Zhao and Fang Liu
Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:771
Published on: 3 September 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 7 Sep2019)

Research article
Methods for detecting seasonal influenza epidemics using a school absenteeism surveillance system
School absenteeism data have been collected daily by the public health unit in Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph, Ontario since 2008. To date, a threshold-based approach has been implemented to raise alerts for commu…
Authors: Madeline A. Ward, Anu Stanley, Lorna E. Deeth, Rob Deardon, Zeny Feng and Lise A. Trotz-Williams
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1232
Published on: 5 September 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 7 Sep2019)

Research article
Evaluation of the performance of the National Tuberculosis Program of Liberia during the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak
Liberia is among the three west African countries which were crippled by the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak of 2014. One of the programs which was affected by the EVD outbreak was the National Leprosy and …
Authors: Kassaye Tekie Desta, Dedeh Barr Kessely and Jerry G. Daboi
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1221
Published on: 4 September 2019

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 7 Sep2019)

Research article
The monetary value of human lives lost through Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019
Between 8 May 2018 and 27 May 2019, cumulatively there were 1286 deaths from Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The objective of this study was to estimate the monetary value …
Authors: Joses M. Kirigia, Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri and Newton Gitonga Muthuri
Citation: BMC Public Health 2019 19:1218
Published on: 3 September 2019

Contemporary Clinical Trials
Volume 83 Pages 1-128 (August 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/contemporary-clinical-trials/vol/83/suppl/C

Special Interest Papers
Research article Abstract only
Informed consent and ethical reporting of research in clinical trials involving participants with psychotic disorders
Guy M. Weissinger, Connie M. Ulrich
Article 105795

Contemporary Clinical Trials
Volume 83 Pages 1-128 (August 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/contemporary-clinical-trials/vol/83/suppl/C

Patient Recruitment
Research article Abstract only
Relocation of study participants for rare and ultra-rare disease trials: Ethics and operations
Luke Gelinas, Brian Crawford, Ariella Kelman, Barbara E. Bierer
Article 105812

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
October 2019 – Volume 32 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx

TROPICAL AND TRAVEL-ASSOCIATED DISEASES
Edited by Christina Coyle
Fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination: how much more can we do with less?
Visser, Leonardus G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32(5):390-393, October 2019.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
October 2019 – Volume 32 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx

The first licensed dengue vaccine: can it be used in travelers?
Wilder-Smith, Annelies
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32(5):394-400, October 20

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
October 2019 – Volume 32 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx

WHO’s new rabies recommendations: implications for high incidence countries
Pattanaik, Amrita; Mani, Reeta S.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32(5):401-406, October 2019.
Recent findings The key changes in the updated WHO 2018 guidelines for rabies prophylaxis include abbreviated vaccination regimens for pre and postexposure prophylaxis. These cost and dose-sparing regimens allow equitable sharing of vaccines, necessitate fewer clinic visits and thus can enhance patient compliance. The recommendations on rabies immunoglobulin administration permit prioritization and optimal use of this life-saving biologic, especially in areas with scarcity. However, there is a need for additional evidence to support the abridgment of some regimens and need for data on the safety and immunogenicity of these regimens in special groups such as infants and the immunocompromised.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
October 2019 – Volume 32 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx

GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS
Edited by Gagandeep Kang and Eric R. Houpt
Current and new rotavirus vaccines
Burke, Rachel M.; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Kirkwood, Carl D.; More
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32(5):435-444, October 2019.
PAEDIATRIC AND NEONATAL INFECTIONS
Edited by Saul N. Faust

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
October 2019 – Volume 32 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/co-infectiousdiseases/pages/currenttoc.aspx

Meningitis vaccines in children: what have we achieved and where next?
McAlpine, Alastair; Sadarangani, Manish
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32(5):510-516, October 2019.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume 25, Number 9—September 2019
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/

Research Letter
Worldwide Reduction in MERS Cases and Deaths since 2016
Christl A. Donnelly, Mamun R. Malik, Amgad Elkholy, Simon Cauchemez, and Maria D. Van
Abstract
Since 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus has infected 2,442 persons worldwide. Case-based data analysis suggests that since 2016, as many as 1,465 cases and 293–520 deaths might have been averted. Efforts to reduce the global MERS threat are working, but countries must maintain vigilance to prevent further infections.

Globalization and Health
http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/
[Accessed 7 Sep2019]

Review
|   3 September 2019
Preparedness and management of global public health threats at points of entry in Ireland and the EU in the context of a potential Brexit
We review the current situation (March 2019) with respect to detection and management of serious human health threats across Irish borders- and what may change for Ireland if/when the United Kingdom (UK) withdraws from the EU (Brexit).
Authors: Máirín Boland and Mary O’Riordan

Health Policy and Planning
Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019
https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/34/6

Original Articles
The cost of not breastfeeding: global results from a new tool
Dylan D Walters, Linh T H Phan, Roger Mathisen
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019, Pages 407–417, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz050
Abstract
… Aggregating these costs, the total global economic losses are estimated to be US$341.3 billion, or 0.70% of global gross national income. While the aim of the tool is to capture the majority of the costs, the estimates are likely to be conservative since economic costs of increased household caregiving time (mainly borne by women), and treatment costs related to other diseases attributable to not breastfeeding according to recommendations are not included in the analysis. This study illustrates the substantial costs of not breastfeeding, and potential economic benefits that could be generated by government and development partners’ investments in scaling up effective breastfeeding promotion and support strategies.

Health Policy and Planning
Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019
https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/34/6

Institutional barriers and enablers to implementing and complying with internationally accepted quality standards in the local pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan: a qualitative study
Fatima Tauqeer, Kirsten Myhr, Unni Gopinathan
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019, Pages 440–449, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz054

Health Policy and Planning
Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019
https://academic.oup.com/heapol/issue/34/6

Reviews
Mapping health workforce development strategies across key global health agencies: an assessment of objectives and key interventions
Brooke A Farrenkopf, Chung-Won Lee
Health Policy and Planning, Volume 34, Issue 6, July 2019, Pages 461–468, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz015

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
August 2019 Volume 85, p1-214
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(19)X0011-9

Editorial
Ebola in the DRC one year later – Boiling the frog?
Susan McLellan, Mark G. Kortepeter, Nahid Bhadelia, Erica S. Shenoy, Lauren M. Sauer, Maria G. Frank, Theodore J. Cieslak
p212–213
Published online: July 19, 2019
… In summary, security concerns in DRC provide a significant barrier to outbreak assistance; however, maintaining the current level of international engagement is likely to allow the outbreak to continue to spread within DRC, and eventually to neighboring and in turn distant countries. This will not be the last outbreak of Ebola in the DRC or elsewhere. It is to our benefit to seek ways to demonstrate this is not another case of “helicopter” intervention, but a long-term commitment for humanitarian aid and to bolster the health care system overall in DRC and develop sustainable response strategies that can be deployed to other communicable disease outbreaks in the future.
A deliberate, thoughtful scale-up of involvement in support of and in collaboration with partners on the ground, including the WHO and DRC government would ensure a seamless effort that is responsive to the communities’ and partners’ needs and help tip the scales. Such a demonstration would go a long way in winning the hearts and minds and cooperation of the local population who are there for the long term.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases
August 2019 Volume 85, p1-214
https://www.ijidonline.com/issue/S1201-9712(19)X0011-9

Reviews
Potential benefits of using a multicomponent vaccine for prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease
Philip S. Watson, Patricia L. Novy, Leonard R. Friedland
p22–27
Published online: May 15, 2019

JAMA
September 3, 2019, Vol 322, No. 9, Pages 795-900
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Original Investigation
N95 Respirators vs Medical Masks for Preventing Influenza Among Health Care PersonnelA Randomized Clinical Trial
Lewis J. Radonovich Jr, MD; Michael S. Simberkoff, MD; Mary T. Bessesen, MD; et al.
JAMA. 2019;322(9):824-833. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.11645
This cluster randomized clinical trial compares the effect of N95 respirators vs medical masks worn by health care personnel for prevention of workplace-acquired influenza and other viral respiratory infections in geographically diverse, high-exposure outpatient settings.

JAMA
September 3, 2019, Vol 322, No. 9, Pages 795-900
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Editorial
Respiratory Protection of Health Care Personnel to Prevent Respiratory Viral Transmission
Thomas R. Talbot, MD, MPH; Hilary M. Babcock, MD, MPH

JAMA
September 3, 2019, Vol 322, No. 9, Pages 795-900
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
Harms From Uninformative Clinical Trials
Deborah A. Zarin, MD; Steven N. Goodman, MD, MHS, PhD; Jonathan Kimmelman, PhD
JAMA. 2019;322(9):813-814. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.9892
This Viewpoint discusses key features of and incentives for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that make many of them uninformative; reviews the challenges uninformative trials pose to ethics, science, and medical practice; and recommends what academic medical centers and funders can do to incentivize the conduct of RCTs that provide valid information that informs clinical practice.

JAMA Pediatrics
September 2019, Vol 173, No. 9, Pages 807-900
http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Original Investigation
Implications of Changing Public Charge Immigration Rules for Children Who Need Medical Care
Leah Zallman, MD, MPH; Karen E. Finnegan, PhD; David U. Himmelstein, MD; et al.
online only
JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(9):e191744. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1744
This cross-sectional study simulates the number, medical conditions, and care needs of children who are at risk of losing their current benefits, including Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, after a proposed US federal rule change.

Journal of Community Health
Volume 44, Issue 5, October 2019
https://link.springer.com/journal/10900/44/5

Original Paper
The Male Voice: A Qualitative Assessment of Young Men’s Communication Preferences About HPV and 9vHPV
Jennifer A. Sledge, Claire E. Jensen, Nancy J. Cibulka…

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
https://joppp.biomedcentral.com/
[Accessed 7 Sep2019]

Research
|   4 September 2019
Assessing national governance of medicine promotion: an exploratory study in Ghana to trial a structured set of indicators
Authors: Marcia McLean, Jillian Clare Kohler and Danny Edwards
Background
Two billion people worldwide, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries, cannot consistently access required essential medications, thus affecting their ability to attain optimal health outcomes. Access to appropriate medicines may be compromised due to issues involving cost, availability, quality, and prescribing practices, and system-wide factors such as a lack of transparency and accountability. Pharmaceutical promotional practices impact many of these issues, thus influencing the use of appropriate medicines,. Good governance is ultimately the responsibility of national governments through strong health systems with transparent and accountable practices that facilitate appropriate medicine use. We designed a structured set of indicators, based on existing tools, to assess the strength of the national governance of pharmaceutical promotion. In this exploratory study, we trialed the indicators in Ghana.

Journal of Public Health Management & Practice
September/October 2019 – Volume 25 – Issue 5
https://journals.lww.com/jphmp/pages/currenttoc.aspx

State of Public Health
Blinding Me With Science: Complementary “Head” and “Heart” Messages Are Needed to Counter Rising Vaccine Hesitancy
Fraser, Michael R.
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 25(5):511-514, September/October 2019.