Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 3  Pages 401-538 (14 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/3

Research article  Open access
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Saudi women regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and corresponding vaccine
Hoda Jradi, Amen Bawazir
Pages 530-537

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases (MEJDD)
Vol.11/ No.1/January 2019
Original Article
Hepatitis B Vaccine Acceptability among Nurses: A Theory Based Conceptualization
MM Alavijeh, M Vaezi –
Hepatitis B is the most common occupational disease in health care providers. It can be followed by several complications. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination Acceptability among nurses based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). 

KMUJ: KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL
Vol 10, No 4 (2018)
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND ITS VACCINE: AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF YOUNG FEMALE PAKISTANI STUDENTS
S Ghayas, F Anjum, T Husain, L Bashir, S Naz… –
To determine awareness about human papillomavirus (HPV) among female students of medical field in Pakistan… This study established that despite having knowledge about HPV, the populace required sufficient information about HPV vaccination for its acceptance and to prevent and combat the disease.

Journal of Nursing Practice Today
2019; 6(1):446-452
Original Article
Knowledge and acceptance of human papilloma virus vaccine among secondary school students in Queens Model Secondary School, Enugu, Nigeria
CE Israel, NN Ogbu, JA Ingwu, JC Arinze, PC Chikeme –
Abstract
Background & Aim: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection with high mortality rate though its prevention is now possible through vaccination. The study determined the knowledge and acceptance of HPV Vaccine among Secondary School students in Queens Model secondary school Enugu
Methods and Material: The study utilized a quantitative descriptive survey method. Sample size of 368 students was determined using the power analysis at 95% confidence interval and 5% error margin. Stratified sampling method including proportionate sampling was used to select respondents from different classes to ensure representativeness. Data was collected using questionnaire developed by the researchers with a reliability of 0.79 Cronbach alpha after pre-test and data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages.
Results: Only 51(13.86%) of the respondents have heard of HPV vaccine. Majority 97.3% were willing to receive a vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer and 98.1% respondents agreed to recommend a vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer for others for fear of death and concern for their safety.
Conclusion: Health education on HPV vaccine should be made available to young girls to enable them take advantage of this service before the resumption of sexual activities.

Media/Policy Watch

This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.

We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Wall Street Journal
http://online.wsj.com/home-page?_wsjregion=na,us&_homepage=/home/us
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al
 
Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development  
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 5 Jan 2019
[No new relevant content]

Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review will resume publication on 5 January 2019 after an end-of-year break.

Milestones :: Perspectives

Child given world’s first drone-delivered vaccine in Vanuatu – UNICEF

With 1 in 5 children in the remote Pacific island nation not fully immunized, UNICEF partners with the Government on first-ever commercial contract to deliver vaccines by drone

PORT VILA/ NEW YORK, 18 December 2018 –One month old Joy Nowai today became the world’s first child to be given a vaccine delivered commercially by drone in a remote island in the South Pacific country of Vanuatu.

The vaccine delivery covered almost 40 kilometers of rugged mountainous terrain from Dillon’s Bay on the west side of the island to the east landing in remote Cook’s Bay, where 13 children and five pregnant women were vaccinated by Miriam Nampil, a registered nurse. Cook’s Bay, a small, scattered community that does not have a health centre or electricity, is only accessible by foot or small local boats.

“Today’s small flight by drone is a big leap for global health,” said Henrietta H. Fore, UNICEF Executive Director. “With the world still struggling to immunize the hardest to reach children, drone technologies can be a game changer for bridging that last mile to reach every child.”…

…“It’s extremely hard to carry ice boxes to keep the vaccines cool while walking across rivers, mountains, through the rain, across rocky ledges. I’ve relied on boats, which often get cancelled due to bad weather,” said Miriam Nampil, the nurse who injected the world’s first drone-delivered vaccine. ”As the journey is often long and difficult, I can only go there once a month to vaccinate children. But now, with these drones, we can hope to reach many more children in the remotest areas of the island.”

During the drone flight on Erromango, the vaccines were carried in Styrofoam boxes with ice-packs with a temperature logger. An electronic indicator is triggered if the temperature of the vaccines swings out of acceptable range.

In tests last week, the Ministry of Health, with support from UNICEF, conducted drone trials with two drone operators, Swoop Aero and WingCopter, using test payloads. Swoop Aero, the Australian company responsible for today’s successful drone delivery, passed the first phase of trials by landing the payloads within 2 meters of the target after a 50-km flight over numerous islands and way points.

This is also the first time globally that a government is contracting a commercial drone company to transport vaccines to remote areas. The drone operators are selected after a bidding process, and as per the contract, they are held accountable and not paid if they don’t deliver.

In the long term, the Government of Vanuatu is interested in integrating the drone delivery of vaccines into their national immunization programme and using drones more widely to distribute health supplies. The data from the trials will also be used to show how drones can be used commercially in similar settings around the world.

“Today’s first-of-a-kind vaccine delivery has enormous potential not only for Vanuatu, but also for the thousands of children who are missing out on vaccines across the world,” added Fore. “This is innovation at its best, and shows how we can unlock the potential of the private sector for the greater good of the world’s children.”

Milestones :: Perspectives

Ebola – Democratic Republic of the Congo

20: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu
18 December 2018 [Excerpts]
…Case Management
:: On 24 November 2018, MoH announced the launch of a randomized control trial for Ebola therapeutics. This first ever multi-drug randomized control trial within an outbreak setting is an important step towards finding an effective treatment for Ebola. The trial is coordinated by WHO and led and sponsored by the DRC’s National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB) which is the principal investigator. The trial has begun in the ALIMA facility in Beni, where patients are enrolled in the study after obtaining voluntary informed consent.

:: Other ETCs continue to provide therapeutics under the MEURI (compassionate use) protocol, in collaboration with the MoH and the INRB, together with supportive care measures. WHO is providing technical clinical expertise on-site and is assisting with the creation of a data safety management board. UNICEF is providing nutritional treatment and psychological support for all hospitalized patients.

:: As of 15 December 2018, a total of 140 patients were hospitalised in transit centres and ETCs, of whom 29 were laboratory confirmed…

::::::

DONs Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo
20 December 2018 [Excerpt]
…WHO risk assessment
This outbreak of EVD is affecting north-eastern provinces of the country bordering Uganda, Rwanda and South Sudan. Potential risk factors for transmission of EVD at the national and regional levels include: travel between the affected areas, the rest of the country, and neighbouring countries; the internal displacement of populations. The country is concurrently experiencing other epidemics (e.g. cholera, vaccine-derived poliomyelitis, malaria), and a long-term humanitarian crisis. Additionally, the security situation in North Kivu and Ituri at times limits the implementation of response activities. WHO’s risk assessment for the outbreak is currently very high at the national and regional levels; the global risk level remains low. WHO continues to advice against any restriction of travel to, and trade with, the Democratic Republic of the Congo based on currently available information.

As the risk of national and regional spread is very high, it is important for neighbouring provinces and countries to enhance surveillance and preparedness activities. The International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee has advised that failing to intensify these preparedness and surveillance activities would lead to worsening conditions and further spread. WHO will continue to work with neighbouring countries and partners to ensure that health authorities are alerted and are operationally prepared to respond…

::::::
::::::

Emergencies

POLIO
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
Polio this week as of 18 December 2018 [GPEI]
:: Featured on http://www.polioeradication.org:  interview with Jean- Marc Olivé, Chairman of the Technical Advisory Group, on what needs to be done to end polio in the Horn of Africa; Djibouti carried out a successful round of National Immunization Days (NIDs) since 2015 to avoid risk of polio virus importation.

Summary of new viruses this week:
Afghanistan –WPV1-positive environmental samples;
Pakistan – seven WPV1-positive environmental samples;
Nigeria – one cVDPV2 AFP case and three cVDPV2-positive environmental samples.
 

::::::
::::::

Editor’s Note:
WHO has posted a refreshed emergencies page which presents an updated listing of Grade 3,2,1 emergencies as below.

WHO Grade 3 Emergencies  [to 22 Dec 2018]
Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: 20: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu  18 December 2018
:: DONs Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo  20 December 2018

[See Milestones above for more detail]

Bangladesh – Rohingya crisis
:: Weekly Situation Report 55 – 13 December 2018
[Excerpt]
Highlights
:: The fourth round of oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaign was completed with 108% coverage. A total of 356,202 people received vaccination.
:: A total of three new diphtheria case-patients (three suspected) were reported this week. Total case-patients reported in EWARS is now 8,327. 

Syrian Arab Republic
:: Cancer treatment in Syria improves following State of Kuwait donation  19 December 2018

Yemen
:: WHO enhances access to basic health care in Yemen  17 December 2018

Myanmar – No new announcements identified
Nigeria – No new announcements identified
Somalia – No new announcements identified
South Sudan – No new announcements identified

 ::::::

WHO Grade 2 Emergencies  [to 22 Dec 2018]
Iraq
:: Italy supports physical and mental health services in Ninewa   Baghdad 18 December

Brazil (in Portugese) – No new announcements identified
Cameroon  – No new announcements identified
Central African Republic  – No new announcements identified
Ethiopia – No new announcements identified
Hurricane Irma and Maria in the Caribbean – No new announcements identified
occupied Palestinian territory – No new announcements identified
Libya – No new announcements identified
MERS-CoV – No new announcements identified
Niger – No new announcements identified
Sao Tome and Principe Necrotizing Cellulitis (2017) – No new announcements identified
Sudan – No new announcements identified
Ukraine – No new announcements identified
Zimbabwe – No new announcements identified

WHO-AFRO: Outbreaks and Emergencies Bulletin, Week 49: 08-14 December 2018
The WHO Health Emergencies Programme is currently monitoring 57 events in the region. This week’s edition covers key ongoing events, including:
:: Lassa fever in Benin
:: Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
:: Yellow fever in Nigeria
::Measles in Madagascar.

::::::

WHO Grade 1 Emergencies  [to 22 Dec 2018]
Afghanistan
Chad
Indonesia – Sulawesi earthquake 2018
Kenya
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Mali
Namibia – viral hepatitis
Peru
Philippines – Tyhpoon Mangkhut
Tanzania

::::::

UN OCHA – L3 Emergencies
The UN and its humanitarian partners are currently responding to three ‘L3’ emergencies. This is the global humanitarian system’s classification for the response to the most severe, large-scale humanitarian crises. 
Yemen
:: Yemen Humanitarian Update Covering 1 – 13 December 2018 | Issue 34

Key Issues
:: Recent IPC analysis indicates that over 20 million face severe food insecurity in Yemen.
:: The upsurge in Yemen’s migrant arrivals exceeds 2018 arrivals to Europe via the Mediterranean Seaw.
:: Polio campaign reaches 4.6 million children, 84 per cent of target.
:: The trend of suspected cholera cases remains stable.

Syrian Arab Republic   
:: Syria Crisis: Northeast Syria Situation Report No. 30 (1 November – 14 December 2018)
:: Fact Sheet: United Nations Cross-border Operations from Turkey to Syria | as of 30 November 2018 [EN/AR] Published on 17 Dec 2018

::::::

UN OCHA – Corporate Emergencies
When the USG/ERC declares a Corporate Emergency Response, all OCHA offices, branches and sections provide their full support to response activities both at HQ and in the field.
Ethiopia  – No new announcements identified.
Somalia  – No new announcements identified.

::::::

“Other Emergencies”
Indonesia: Central Sulawesi Earthquake –No new announcements identified.

 
::::::
::::::
 
Editor’s Note:
We will cluster these recent emergencies as below and continue to monitor the WHO webpages for updates and key developments.

EBOLA/EVD  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.who.int/ebola/en/
:: 19: Situation report on the Ebola outbreak in North Kivu  12 December 2018
:: DONs Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of the Congo   13 December 2018
[See Milestones above for more detail]

MERS-CoV [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/
– No new announcements identified.

Yellow Fever  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/
:: Disease outbreak news – Yellow Fever – Kingdom of the Netherlands   18 December 2018

Zika virus  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
– No new announcements identified.

WHO & Regional Offices [to 22 Dec 2018]

WHO launches technical guidance series on the health of refugees and migrants
18-12-2018
WHO is marking International Migrants Day on 18 December 2018 with the launch of a technical guidance series on the health of refugees and migrants. Produced in collaboration with the European Commission, each publication addresses a specific aspect of the health of refugees and migrants by providing tools, case studies and evidence to inform practices and policies to improve their health.

Five publications are currently available, each with a special focus on one of the following:
:: children’s health;
:: health promotion;
:: healthy ageing;
:: maternal and newborn health; and
:: mental health.
Health of refugee and migrant children (2018)
Health promotion for improved refugee and migrant health (2018)
Health of older refugees and migrants (2018)
Improving the health care of pregnant refugee and migrant women and newborn children (2018)
Mental health promotion and mental health care in refugees and migrants (2018)
News – Global migration pact to ensure fundamental human rights for migrants in all policies and practices

::::::
 
Weekly Epidemiological Record, 21 December 2018, vol. 93, 51/52 (pp. 693–708)
Review of the 2018 influenza season in the southern hemisphere
Index of countries/areas
Index, Volume 93, 2018, Nos. 1–52

::::::

WHO Regional Offices
Selected Press Releases, Announcements
WHO African Region AFRO
Selected Featured News
:: WHO HTS Info app: from concept to reality  21 December 2018
This app provides easy, on-the-go access to current HIV testing services (HTS) guidelines and information on your smartphone or tablet, whether you are online or offline.
:: Women join hands to oust Ebola from the Democratic Republic of the Congo  21 December 2018
:: Situation Update on the Yellow Fever outbreak in South Sudan  20 December 2018
:: A new multipurpose Infectious Disease Unit opens in Juba, South Sudan  20 December 2018
:: Nigeria launches Yellow fever vaccination campaign to stop outbreak in Edo state  18 December 2018

WHO Region of the Americas PAHO
– No new announcement identified
 
WHO South-East Asia Region SEARO
– No new announcement identified
 
WHO European Region EURO
:: 2018: The WHO European Region’s Year in Review 21-12-2018
:: WHO launches technical guidance series on the health of refugees and migrants 18-12-2018

 
WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region EMRO
:: WHO Regional Director praises Pakistan’s strong political commitment to achieving universal health coverage on official visit  Islamabad, Pakistan, 18 December 2018

WHO Western Pacific Region
:: 19 December 2018 | Feature Story  New Zealand showcases and strengthens preparedness for outbreaks and emergencies

CDC/ACIP [to 22 Dec 2018]

http://www.cdc.gov/media/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/index.html
No new digest content identified.

Africa CDC   [to 22 Dec 2018]

https://au.int/en/africacdc
No new digest content identified.

China CDC 
http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/
New website launched…no “news” or “announcements” page identified.

National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China
http://en.nhfpc.gov.cn/
Selected Updates/ Press Releases/ Notices
No new digest content identified.

Announcements
 
 
BMGF – Gates Foundation  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Media-Center/Press-Releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute    [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.gatesmri.org/
The Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute is a non-profit biotech organization. Our mission is to develop products to fight malaria, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases—three major causes of mortality, poverty, and inequality in developing countries. The world has unprecedented scientific tools at its disposal; now is the time to use them to save the lives of the world’s poorest people
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CARB-X   [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://carb-x.org/
CARB-X is a non-profit public-private partnership dedicated to accelerating antibacterial research to tackle the global rising threat of drug-resistant bacteria.
No new digest content identified.
 
 
CEPI – Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://cepi.net/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
EDCTP    [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.edctp.org/
The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) aims to accelerate the development of new or improved drugs, vaccines, microbicides and diagnostics against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as well as other poverty-related and neglected infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on phase II and III clinical trials
Latest news
21 December 2018
Report on the Lisbon meeting for the next EDCTP programme published
EDCTP organised a high-level meeting on the character, scope and shape of its next programme in Lisbon, Portugal, on 17 September 2018. Approximately 100 participants representing EDCTP member countries and strategic partners in global health participated to discuss their involvement…
 
 
Emory Vaccine Center    [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.vaccines.emory.edu/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Medicines Agency  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
News and press releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
European Vaccine Initiative  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.euvaccine.eu/news-events
No new digest content identified.
 
 
FDA [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/default.htm
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Fondation Merieux  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.fondation-merieux.org/
Mérieux Foundation co-organized event
Dengue pre-vaccination screening based on serostatus: rapid tests and implementation strategies
January 14 – 16, 2019 – Les Pensières Center for Global Helath, Veyrier du Lac (France)

Event
Alain Mérieux receives the prestigious Chinese Reform Friendship Award
December 18, 2018 – Beijing (China)
Alain Mérieux received the Reform Friendship Award at a conference celebrating the 40th anniversary of China’s Reform and Opening Up on December 18, 2018. The event took place at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, in the presence of President Xi Jinping.

Gavi [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.gavi.org/
No new digest content identified.

GHIT Fund   [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.ghitfund.org/newsroom/press
GHIT was set up in 2012 with the aim of developing new tools to tackle infectious diseases that devastate the world’s poorest people. Other funders include six Japanese pharmaceutical
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Global Fund  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/

Feature Story
2018: A Look Back
18 December 2018
As the calendar page turns, we look back on some of the stories and moments that shaped 2018. Celebrating the 27 million lives saved. Honoring those we have lost. Amplifying the voices of people and communities most affected by the epidemics. Welcoming new leadership and partnerships. And accelerating investment and innovation to achieve a future free of the burden of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria

Hilleman Laboratories   [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.hillemanlabs.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Human Vaccines Project   [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.humanvaccinesproject.org/media/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IAVI  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.iavi.org/newsroom
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFFIm
http://www.iffim.org/library/news/press-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVAC  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/ivac/index.html
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IVI   [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.ivi.int/
IVI News & Announcements
No new digest content identified.
 
 
JEE Alliance  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.jeealliance.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
MSF/Médecins Sans Frontières  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.msf.org/
Selected News; Project Updates, Reports

Niger
Preventing future outbreaks in a cholera hotspot
Project Update 17 Dec 2018
Since early July, Niger has been battling its worst cholera outbreak in years.
As the disease ebbs, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and local health authorities shift their focus to preventing future outbreaks in the southern region of Maradi, most affected by the current epidemic and known as a hotspot for cholera along the border of Niger and Nigeria.
These efforts include vaccinating over 145,000 people with an easy-to-administer oral vaccine in three of Maradi’s health zones: Tchadoua, Aguié and Gazaoua.
MSF has provided local health authorities with logistical and technical support. Epicentre, a research unit created by MSF to provide epidemiological expertise that underpins operations, is supporting the intervention with a post-vaccination survey…
 
 
NIH  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PATH  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.path.org/media-center/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Sabin Vaccine Institute  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNAIDS [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.unaids.org/en
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
No new digest content identified.
 
 
UNICEF  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.unicef.org/media/press-releases
Selected Press Releases/Reports/Statements
Press release
Child given world’s first drone-delivered vaccine in Vanuatu – UNICEF
With 1 in 5 children in the remote Pacific island nation not fully immunized, UNICEF partners with the Government on first-ever commercial contract to deliver vaccines by drone
18/12/2018
[See Milestones above for detail]
 
 
Vaccine Confidence Project  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.vaccineconfidence.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Vaccine Education Center – Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Wellcome Trust  [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://wellcome.ac.uk/news
19 December 2018
Why we need a globally coordinated approach to preparing for epidemics
At $60 billion a year, not preparing for epidemics costs far more than putting the systems in place to prevent infectious diseases from spreading around the globe. Here’s why.

News | 18 December 2018
Value of Wellcome’s investments passes £25 billion
The value of our investments portfolio grew to almost £25.9 billion by 30 September 2018, strengthening our ambition to spend more than £5 billion over five years on our charitable activities.

17 December 2018
Research should be at the heart of an epidemic response
If we put research at the heart of epidemic response, it’s a double win – helping fight outbreaks that are underway and protecting us in the future.

 
The Wistar Institute   [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.wistar.org/news/press-releases
No new digest content identified.
 
 
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)   [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/2018/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
::::::
 
BIO    [to 22 Dec 2018]
https://www.bio.org/insights/press-release
Dec 20 2018
BIO Applauds House Passage of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act
Washington, DC (December 20, 2018) – Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) President and CEO Jim Greenwood issued the following statement applauding passage today by the House of Representatives of the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act of 2018 (H.R. 7328). The legislation would re-authorize critical federal biodefense programs and agencies, including the BioShield Special Reserve Fund (SRF), the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS).
 
 
DCVMN – Developing Country Vaccine Manufacturers Network  [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.dcvmn.org/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
IFPMA   [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.ifpma.org/resources/news-releases/
No new digest content identified.
 
 
PhRMA    [to 22 Dec 2018]
http://www.phrma.org/press-room
No new digest content identified.
 
 
Industry Watch    [to 22 Dec 2018]
:: Merck and Instituto Butantan Announce Collaboration Agreement to Develop Vaccines to Protect Against Dengue Infections
Wednesday, December 12, 2018 10:30 am EST
KENILWORTH, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, and Instituto Butantan, Sao Paulo, Brazil, a non-profit producer of immunobiologic products for Brazil today announced a collaboration agreement to develop vaccines to protect against dengue virus disease, the mosquito-borne infection. Instituto Butantan and Merck have licensed certain rights from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH), for the development of live attenuated tetravalent vaccines (LATV). Instituto Butantan’s dengue vaccine candidate, TV003, is currently being evaluated in a large Phase 3 study in Brazil.

“By sharing data from our ongoing vaccine development programs, Instituto Butantan and Merck are better positioned to achieve our goal of reducing the significant human and economic toll of dengue virus in Brazil and around the world,” said Dr. Dimas Covas, director, Instituto Butantan. “We look forward to collaborating with Merck, an established global leader in vaccine development.”

Under the agreement, Merck and Instituto Butantan have agreed to collaborate to share clinical data and other learnings from their respective dengue vaccine development programs, both derived from licensed materials from the NIAID. Instituto Butantan will receive a $26 million upfront payment from Merck and is eligible to receive up to $75 million for the achievement of certain milestones related to the development and commercialization of Merck’s investigational vaccine as well as potential royalties on sales. Instituto Butantan will retain responsibility for the manufacturing and commercialization of their investigational vaccine, TV003, in Brazil.

“This agreement recognizes the tremendous progress that scientists and clinicians at the Instituto Butantan have made in developing their investigational dengue virus vaccine,” said Dr. Roger M. Perlmutter, president, Merck Research Laboratories. “Through our new collaboration, we together have made a commitment to help protect people around the world who are at risk of developing dengue virus disease.”

The agreement builds upon a productive long-term collaboration between MSD Brazil and Instituto Butantan, initiated in 2012, for human papillomavirus (HPV) and Hepatitis-A vaccine products.

Journal Watch

   Vaccines and Global Health: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals to identify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other content supporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy. Journal Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues the Center is actively tracking. We selectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevant to our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or other access arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: david.r.curry@centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.org

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 22 Dec 2018)

Commentary
Mass drug administration for malaria elimination: do we understand the settings well enough?
Mass drug administration (MDA) of antimalarials has re-emerged as a recommended tool for interrupting malaria transmission, but evidence from low endemicity settings is scarce. A trial in Zanzibar found that t…
Authors: Manuel W. Hetzel and Blaise Genton
Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:239
Published on: 19 December 2018

BMC Medicine
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmed/content
(Accessed 22 Dec 2018)

Commentary
Avoiding rash decisions about zoster vaccination: insights from cost-effectiveness evidence
de Boer and colleagues present a cost-effectiveness analysis based in the Netherlands of two vaccines available for the prevention of herpes zoster. Zostavax® was the first vaccine available for the prevention…
Authors: Chester B. Good, Natasha Parekh and Inmaculada Hernandez
Citation: BMC Medicine 2018 16:238
Published on: 18 December 2018

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Dec 2018)

Research article
Achieving high uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination in Malaysia through school-based vaccination programme
In 2006, 4 years of planning was started by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH), to implement the HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination programme. An inter-agency and multi-sectoral collaborations were dev…
Authors: Nor Asiah Muhamad, Saidatul Norbaya Buang, Safurah Jaafar, Rohani Jais, Phaik Sim Tan, Normi Mustapha, Noor Aliza Lodz, Tahir Aris, Lokman Hakim Sulaiman and Shahnaz Murad
Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1402
Published on: 22 December 2018

BMC Public Health
http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles
(Accessed 22 Dec 2018)

Research article
Under vaccination of children among Maasai nomadic pastoralists in Kenya: is the issue geographic mobility, social demographics or missed opportunities?
Nomadic lifestyle has been shown to be a significant factor in low immunization coverage. However, other factors which might aggravate vaccination uptake in nomadic pastoralists are poorly understood. Our stud…
Authors: Anne M. Pertet, Dan Kaseje, Careena F. Otieno-Odawa, Lydia Kirika, Caleb Wanjala, Jackline Ochieng, Millicent Jaoko, Winnie Otieno and Dan Odindo
Citation: BMC Public Health 2018 18:1389
Published on: 19 December 2018

BMC Research Notes
http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcresnotes/content

Research note
Knowledge on HBV vaccine and vaccination status among health care workers of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
The study was conducted to assess the knowledge on HBV vaccine and vaccination status among health care workers of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
Authors: Asres Bedaso, Bereket Duko and Remla Fedlu
Citation: BMC Research Notes 2018 11:912
Published on: 20 December 2018

Humanitarian Exchange Magazine
Number 73,  October 2018
https://odihpn.org/magazine/mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-in-humanitarian-crises/

Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: the humanitarian response
More than 700,000 Rohingya refugees have arrived in Bangladesh since 25 August 2017 fleeing violence and persecution in Rakhine State, Myanmar. Over a million are sheltering in overcrowded camps without adequate assistance or protection. Stateless in Myanmar and denied refugee status in Bangladesh, the Rohingya have few rights or freedoms. Monsoons and cyclones are causing landslides, destroying shelters and infrastructure and disrupting services.

This edition of Humanitarian Exchange focuses on the humanitarian response to the Rohingya crisis. In the lead article, Mark Bowden outlines the historical, local and national political context in Bangladesh, and its operational implications. Amal de Chickera highlights the links between statelessness and displacement, and the international community’s failure to prioritise human rights in its dealings both with Bangladesh and with Myanmar. Puttanee Kangkun and John Quinley document the persistent persecution and denial of rights the Rohingya have faced for decades. Jeff Crisp reflects on the premature, involuntary and unsafe return of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar in the 1970s and 1990s, and asks whether this could happen again.

Sally Shevach and colleagues explore how the ‘localisation’ agenda has influenced the operational response, and Kerrie Holloway draws on research by the Humanitarian Policy Group to test the common assumption that local actors necessarily have a better understanding of people’s needs. Nasif Rashad Khan and colleagues and Ashish Banik reflect on their experiences of engaging with the international humanitarian response system. Margie Buchanan-Smith and Marian Casey-Maslen discuss evaluation findings relating to communication and community engagement, a theme taken up by Nick Van Praag and Kai Hopkins, who report on a Ground Truth survey on refugees’ perceptions of assistance. Julia Brothwell discusses the British Red Cross/Bangladesh Red Crescent involvement in disaster preparedness and risk reduction during the monsoon season, and Gina Bark, Kate White and Amelie Janon outline the consequences of long-term exclusion from basic healthcare services in increasing vulnerability to preventable diseases. Matthew Wencel and colleagues round off the issue with reflections on data collection coordination and other challenges associated with monitoring large concentrations of refugees.

JAMA
December 25, 2018, Vol 320, No. 24, Pages 2499-2608
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/issue.aspx

Viewpoint
The Ethics of Heritable Genome EditingNew Considerations in a Controversial Area
Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS; I. Glenn Cohen, JD
JAMA. 2018;320(24):2531-2532. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.18270
This Viewpoint about heritable genome editing–the modification of DNA of an embryo, sperm, or egg to alter its characteristics for future generations–summarizes the 2018 Nuffield Council on Bioethics report on social and ethical issues raised by the technique, and questions its rejection of a distinction between gene editing for therapeutic vs feature enhancement purposes.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
Vol 20, No 12 (2018): December
https://www.jmir.org/2018/12

JMIR Medical Informatics (ISSN 2291-9694)
Using Blockchain Technology to Manage Clinical Trials Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study
David M Maslove, Jacob Klein, Kathryn Brohman, Patrick Martin
JMIR Med Inform 2018 (Dec 21); 6(4):e11949

The Lancet
Dec 22, 2018  Volume 392Number 10165p2655-2744, e17-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Articles
Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial
Emil C Reisinger, Roland Tschismarov, Eckhard Beubler, Ursula Wiedermann, Christa Firbas, Micha Loebermann, Andrea Pfeiffer, Matthias Muellner, Erich Tauber, Katrin Ramsauer
Interpretation
MV-CHIK showed excellent safety and tolerability and good immunogenicity, independent of pre-existing immunity against the vector. MV-CHIK is a promising candidate vaccine for the prevention of chikungunya fever, an emerging disease of global concern.

The Lancet
Dec 22, 2018  Volume 392Number 10165p2655-2744, e17-e18
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Health Policy
Health and dignity of Palestine refugees at stake: a need for international response to sustain crucial life services at UNRWA
Akiko Kitamura, Masamine Jimba, Julia McCahey, Gloria Paolucci, Sayed Shah, Majed Hababeh,
Yousef Shahin, Akihiro Seita
Summary
The UN Sustainable Development Goals affirm equality and dignity as essential to the enjoyment of basic human rights, including the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, which promotes global solidarity among all people, including refugees. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has provided support to Palestine refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank since the 1950s. Today, however, conflict and violence, occupation, high levels of poverty, and other social determinants of health jeopardize the wellbeing of Palestine refugees. Health concerns include non-communicable diseases, mental health conditions, and access to hospital care. Additionally, UNRWA is continuing to face a severe funding crisis. Using a historical and health policy perspective, this Health Policy examines UNRWA strategies that facilitate continuous provision of health-care services for Palestine refugees. Given the increasingly volatile environment faced by this population, a multifaceted international response is needed to enable UNRWA to deliver sustainable services to Palestine refugees and avert further loss of life, dignity, and hope, pending a just and lasting solution to their plight in accordance with applicable international law and UN General Assembly resolutions.

The Milbank Quarterly
A Multidisciplinary Journal of Population Health and Health Policy
Volume 96, Issue 4   Pages: 607-882  December 2018

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14680009/current
Original Scholarship
Members of Minority and Underserved Communities Set Priorities for Health Research
SUSAN DORR GOOLD, C. DANIEL MYERS,MARION DANIS, JULIA ABELSON, STEVE BARNETT, KAREN CALHOUN, ERIC G. CAMPBELL, LYNETTE LaHAHNN, ADNAN HAMMAD, RENÉ PÉREZ, ROSENBAUM, HYUNGJIN MYRA KIM, CENGIZ SALMAN, LISA SZYMECKO, ZACHARY E. ROWE

Pages: 675-705
First Published: 09 December 2018 Abstract
Policy Points
:: Engaging and involving underrepresented communities when setting research priorities could make the scientific research agenda more equitable, more just, and more responsive to their needs and values.
:: Groups and individuals from minority and underserved communities strongly prioritized child health and mental health research, often choosing to invest at the highest possible level.
:: Groups consisting of predominantly Native American or Arab American participants invested in culture and beliefs research at the highest level, while many groups did not select it at all. The priority given to culture and beliefs research by these groups illustrates the importance of paying special attention to unique preferences, and not just commonly held views, when getting public input on spending priorities for research.

Nature 
Volume 564 Issue 7736, 20 December 2018
http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html

Comment | 18 December 2018
Vaccine candidates for poor nations are going to waste
Promising immunizations for diseases that affect mostly people in low- and middle-income countries need help getting to market, urge David C. Kaslow and colleagues.
David C. Kaslow, Steve Black, David E Bloom, Mahima Datla, David Salisbury & Rino Rappuoli
[Excerpt]
…A way forward
So what should be done? In our view, the main stakeholders must come together to define a new path for the sustainable development of vaccines that are socially justified but that have no business case, an uncertain one, or that require considerable public funding to reach the clinic.
Participants should include funding agencies such as the Wellcome Trust, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the NIH; early-development partners such as PATH and the International Vaccine Institute in Seoul; vaccine manufacturers from wealthy and emerging economies; and organizations that recommend and procure vaccines for poor countries, such as the WHO and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.

The first aim should be to assess all the candidates in the pipeline. To ensure the best use of limited resources, the focus must be the most favourable candidates that face uncertain business cases. Those that are unlikely to have a significant impact socially and economically must be deprioritized.

Ultimately, the stakeholders must specify which organization, or alliance, should drive development for the prioritized vaccines from beginning to end, and what role each partner should have. They must also lay out the practical steps that are most likely to lead to the successful late-stage development and use of these vaccines — including schemes for resourcing.

Money is the main limiting factor. In principle, subsidies from governments, such as those of the G20 countries, and philanthropic organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, could remedy the market failure threatening vaccine development for LMICs. Gavi provides one form of subsidy (see ‘Spreading the cost’). Support to develop vaccines or to make them available during epidemics is also provided by public organizations, such as the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations in Oslo and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

Such schemes need to be expanded and rethought to give vaccine developers more certainty and upfront financial backing. For instance, Gavi could commit to purchasing a vaccine before it has been developed, on the condition that the developers meet certain regulatory milestones. At present, the alliance buys vaccines to distribute to LMICs after they have been licensed or recommended by the WHO for general use.

Regulation is another hurdle. Stakeholders should define clear pathways. They should negotiate more alignment between the various organizations involved in planning, development and oversight. Finally, they should identify what infrastructure and human capacity are needed to ensure that a reliable supply of vaccines can be provided long-term to the people who need them.

Only with this kind of leadership will the global community secure vaccines for some of the world’s most debilitating diseases.

PLoS Medicine
http://www.plosmedicine.org/
(Accessed 22 Dec 2018)

Policy Forum
Defining rights-based indicators for HIV epidemic transition
Joseph J. Amon, Patrick Eba, Laurel Sprague, Olive Edwards, Chris Beyrer
| published 21 Dec 2018 PLOS Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002720
Summary points
:: Stark differences in HIV incidence and mortality across locations and populations demonstrate the challenge of identifying a single indicator, at national scale, of progress toward the control of HIV epidemics.
:: Even in countries that report decreases in HIV incidence, incidence may be increasing among groups that are particularly vulnerable and face political and social exclusion, especially sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender persons, men who have sex with men, and prisoners.
:: To comprehensively evaluate national progress on HIV, five categories of indicators should be examined that address: levels of coverage of key evidence-based prevention and treatment interventions; incidence and prevalence of HIV infection; AIDS-related or all-cause mortality among people living with HIV; stigma and discrimination; and the legal and policy environment.
Indicators should be disaggregated, whenever feasible, to fully reflect progress and challenges relating to all populations and locations in the national response.
:: The process of evaluating indicators of national progress should meaningfully involve people living with HIV and from key populations as an important part of data validation.

PNAS – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/
[Accessed 22 Dec 2018]

On the mechanisms of conjugate vaccines
Rino Rappuoli, Ennio De Gregorio, and Paolo Costantino
PNAS published ahead of print December 21, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819612116
Abstract
During the last three decades, the development and commercialization of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), pneumococcus, and serogroups C, A, W, and Y of meningococcus contributed to the virtual elimination of bacterial meningitis caused by the bacteria included in the vaccines and to the prevention of diseases that used to cause more than a million deaths annually (1, 2). Despite the great impact on public health of these vaccines, our understanding of the way these vaccines work is still limited, and we have many unanswered questions. In PNAS, Sun et al. (3) report new mechanistic insights on conjugate vaccines.

Science         
21 December 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6421
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
Special Issue: Breakthrough of the Year

Development cell by cell
By Elizabeth Pennisi
Science21 Dec 2018 : 1344-1345 Full Access
With a trio of techniques, scientists are tracking embryo development in stunning detail.

Science         
21 December 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6421
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
Special Issue: Breakthrough of the Year

Development cell by cell
By Elizabeth Pennisi
Science21 Dec 2018 : 1344-1345 Full Access
With a trio of techniques, scientists are tracking embryo development in stunning detail.

Science         
21 December 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6421
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
Special Issue: Breakthrough of the Year

Runners-up
By Eric Hand, Gretchen Vogel, Ken Garber, Jocelyn Kaiser, Kelly Servick, Daniel Clery, Robert F. Service, Meredith Wadman
Science21 Dec 2018 : 1346-1351 Full Access
Science has named nine scientific advances as runners-up for the 2018 Breakthrough of the Year.

Science         
21 December 2018  Vol 362, Issue 6421
http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl

Breakdowns of the year
By Paul Voosen, Herton Escobar, Martin Enserink
Science21 Dec 2018 : 1352-1353 Full Access
What went wrong in the world of science in 2018.

Science Translational Medicine
19 December 2018  Vol 10, Issue 472
http://stm.sciencemag.org/

Technical Comment

Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”
By Kathleen Winter, Nicola P. Klein, Sarah Ackley, James D. Cherry
Science Translational Medicine19 Dec 2018 Full Access
A recently published study does not accurately model the resurgence of pertussis observed in the United States due to the lack of acellular pertussis vaccine recipients in the study cohort.
Abstract
Limitations in the data used for a recent modeling study of pertussis resurgence in the US may explain why the results were not consistent with several observational studies demonstrating a shorter duration of protection after acellular pertussis vaccine administration.

Science Translational Medicine
19 December 2018  Vol 10, Issue 472
http://stm.sciencemag.org/

Technical Response

Response to Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”
By Matthieu Domenech de Cellès, Aaron A. King, Pejman Rohani
Science Translational Medicine19 Dec 2018 Full Access
We present new evidence that the immunity conferred against pertussis by the DTaP acellular vaccine wanes more slowly than widely believed.

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

WHO articles
Discussion   Abstract only
Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 – Recommendations
World Health Organization
Pages 214-216

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Discussion   Abstract only
Announcing the publication of the WHO immunological basis for immunization series module on pertussis vaccines
Pages 217-218

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Discussion   Abstract only
Measles vaccines: WHO position paper, April 2017 – Recommendations
World Health Organization
Pages 219-222

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Discussion   Abstract only
Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper, July 2017 – Recommendations
World Health Organization
Pages 223-225

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Discussion   Abstract only
Hepatitis B vaccines: WHO position paper, July 2017 – Recommendations
World Health Organization
Pages 223-225

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Review article   Abstract only
Cost-effectiveness of adult vaccinations: A systematic review
Andrew J. Leidner, Neil Murthy, Harrell W. Chesson, Matthew Biggerstaff, … Carolyn B. Bridges
Pages 226-234

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Research article   Abstract only
Interventions to help people understand community immunity: A systematic review
Hina Hakim, Thierry Provencher, Christine T. Chambers, S. Michelle Driedger, … Holly O. Witteman
Pages 235-247

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Research article   Abstract only
The uptake of adolescent vaccinations through the School Immunisation Program in specialist schools in Victoria, Australia
Jenny O’Neill, Fiona Newall, Giuliana Antolovich, Sally Lima, Margie Danchin
Pages 272-279

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Research article   Abstract only
Motivation for participating in phase 1 vaccine trials: Comparison of an influenza and an Ebola randomized controlled trial

1. Cattapan, K. Browne, D.M. Halperin, A. Di Castri, … S.A. Halperin

Pages 289-295

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Research article   Abstract only
Development of a US trust measure to assess and monitor parental confidence in the vaccine system
Paula M. Frew, Raphiel Murden, C. Christina Mehta, Allison T. Chamberlain, … Robert A. Bednarczyk
Pages 325-332

Vaccine
Volume 37, Issue 2  Pages 211-400 (7 January 2019)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/vaccine/vol/37/issue/2

Research article  Open access
Oral polio vaccine response in the MAL-ED birth cohort study: Considerations for polio eradication strategies
William K. Pan, Jessica C. Seidman, Asad Ali, Christel Hoest, … Pascal Bessong
Pages 352-365

From Google Scholar & other sources: Selected Journal Articles, Newsletters, Dissertations, Theses, Commentary

PNAS |
December 18, 2018 | vol. 115 | no. 51
SPECIAL FEATURE: PERSPECTIVE
Why the evolution of vaccine resistance is less of a concern than the evolution of drug resistance
David A. Kennedya,1 and Andrew F. Reada
Edited by Rino Rappuoli, GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy, and approved March 7, 2018 (received for review November 29, 2017)

Vaccines and antimicrobial drugs both impose strong selection for resistance. Yet only drug resistance is a major challenge for 21st century medicine. Why is drug resistance ubiquitous and not vaccine resistance? Part of the answer is that vaccine resistance is far less likely to evolve than drug resistance. But what happens when vaccine resistance does evolve? We review six putative cases. We find that in contrast to drug resistance, vaccine resistance is harder to detect and harder to confirm and that the mechanistic basis is less well understood. Nevertheless, in the cases we examined, the pronounced health benefits associated with vaccination have largely been sustained. Thus, we contend that vaccine resistance is less of

a concern than drug resistance because it is less likely to evolve and when it does, it is less harmful to human and animal health and well-being. Studies of pathogen strains that evolve the capacity to replicate and transmit from vaccinated hosts will enhance our ability to develop next-generation vaccines that minimize the risk of harmful pathogen evolution.

Antimicrobial resistance and the role of vaccines
David E. Bloom, Steven Black, David Salisbury, and Rino Rappuoli
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA December 18, 2018 115 (51) 12868-12871; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717157115

Toward economic evaluation of the value of vaccines and other health technologies in addressing AMR

1. P. Sevilla, David E. Bloom, Daniel Cadarette, Mark Jit, and Marc Lipsitch

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA December 18, 2018 115 (51) 12911-12919; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717161115

PharmacoEconomics & Outcomes News
December 2018, Volume 818, Issue 1
Clinical study
Transparency and consistency of economic evidence on vaccines
J Pike –

Willingness to pay for dengue vaccination in Malaysia
HY Yeo
 
 
 

Media/Policy Watch

This watch section is intended to alert readers to substantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media and selected think tanks and similar organizations on vaccines, immunization, global public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, but indicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initial base of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch above which scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.

We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invite suggestions for expanded coverage. We are conservative in our outlook in adding news sources which largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic media sources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text where content is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and some subscription level.

The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]

BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Economist
http://www.economist.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Financial Times
http://www.ft.com/home/uk
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Forbes
http://www.forbes.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Affairs
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Foreign Policy
http://foreignpolicy.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
The Guardian
http://www.guardiannews.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
The new populism
Vaccines and immunisation
Rightwing populists ride wave of mistrust of vaccine science
Antivaxers are on the rise in countries such as Italy, Poland and France where the far right has made gains
Sarah Boseley in London, Angela Giuffrida in Rome, Christian Davies in Warsaw, Angelique Chrisafis in Paris and Oksana Grytsenko in Kiev
Fri 21 Dec 2018 14.01 GMT
As long as there have been vaccines, there have been doubters. Some people have religious or philosophical reservations. Others are more anxious about the possible side-effects of a jab than about falling sick with a poorly understood disease.
But now vaccine doubt is spreading faster and further than ever through social media, and populist rightwing politicians in Europe and the US are riding on the back of a wave of mistrust of vaccine science.
The arguments align. Populists are often suspicious of the establishment and authority figures. Antivaxers are hostile to government, medical institutions, Big Pharma and science. In several countries – Italy, France, Poland, the US – both are on the rise…
 
 
New Yorker
http://www.newyorker.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
Dec. 20, 2018

Africa
Congo: Ebola Outbreak ‘Certainly’ to Last 3-4 Months More
The second-deadliest Ebola outbreak in history is “certainly” expected to continue for another three or four months, Congo’s health minister said Thursday.

Africa
As Ebola Threatens Mega-Cities, Vaccine Stockpile Needs Grow
Doubts are growing about whether the world’s emergency stockpile of 300,000 Ebola vaccine doses is enough to control future epidemics as the deadly disease moves out of rural forest areas and into urban mega-cities.
Dec. 20
 
 
Wall Street Journal
http://online.wsj.com/home-page?_wsjregion=na,us&_homepage=/home/us
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]
 
 
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new, unique, relevant content]

Think Tanks et al
 
Brookings
http://www.brookings.edu/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new relevant content]

Center for Global Development  
http://www.cgdev.org/page/press-center
[No new relevant content]

CSIS
https://www.csis.org/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new relevant content]

Council on Foreign Relations
http://www.cfr.org/
Accessed 22 Dec 2018
[No new relevant content]